共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
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利用地形地貌资料确定Nash模型参数的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
基于近代关于流域汇流机理是地貌和水动力扩散作用的新观点,导出了根据霍顿（Ｈｏｒｔｏｎ）地貌参数计算ｎ和根据地形资料计算Ｋ的公式,并用实例作了检验。本文将有助于深化无资料情况下汇流计算方法的研究。 相似文献
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本文对地貌瞬时单位线(CIUH)理论的基本假设、等待时间概率密度函数以及它与概念性流域汇流模型之间的关系进行了评论。指出由于水质点之间并非弱相互作用,故借助于统计力学方法探讨流域汇流在理论上仍有不足之处。等待时间概率密度函数的确定虽是现行GIUH理论的关键,但目前采用的方法无不带有假定性。当采用面积-时间曲线和指数型函数作为等待时间概率密度函数时,现行GIUH方法与概念性流域汇流模型等价。考虑到GIUH只取决于河网地貌参数和流速参数,故它可为概念性流域汇流模型提供一个新的确定参数的方法。 相似文献
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自从Rodriguez-Iturbe等人开创了地貌瞬时单位线的研究以来,从理论上探讨用流域地形地貌参数定量流域水文响应,已成为近20年来水文学中最富有吸引力的研究课题之一。总结了基于Horton-Strahler河流分级和水系随机模型推导流域地貌瞬时单位线获得的主要研究成果,对地貌气候瞬时单位线作了综述。 相似文献
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针对目前研究流域地貌特征与流域水文响应的指标具有随意性、主观性以及地貌特征与流域水文响应之间相关性较多、定量化较少等现象,求解出河道和坡面水流运动方程的格子玻尔兹曼方法解,进而构建了基于LBM的汇流模型,计算出黑龙江流域25个研究流域的单位线。分析了单位线要素与流域面积、流域长度和流域宽度之间的相关性,并给出了定量公式。研究结果表明:时间面积曲线由于受到水动力扩散作用比距离面积曲线变得平滑,可以用单位化的时间面积曲线定量单位线,但当一个流域的时间面积曲线有多个大的极值接近时峰现时差和洪峰拟合的不好。研究结果可为定量化流域水文响应和流域水文模型的参数率定提供方法和定量公式。 相似文献
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喀斯特流域水文地貌系统汇流分析─—以喀斯特峰丛洼地谷地流域为例 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
在回顾目前汇流理论基本问题的基础上,根据喀斯特径流试验场水文资料,提出喀斯特流域水文地貌系统汇流结构场由地貌形态结构和含水介质结构组成,从而认识到喀斯特流域汇水流量过程的双层结构,并运用系统论的观点探讨了流域汇流特性。 相似文献
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漳卫河中下游河道断面变化较大,该流域的洪水预报调度十分复杂。传统的水文学方法只是借助于历史洪水进行汇流参数率定,本文借助于水力学方法和河道实测断面,利用Easy Riv1D模型对河道洪水演进模拟研究,取得了较好的预报效果,可以为漳卫河流域的河道洪水演进提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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新安江模型河网汇流参数Cs主要取决于河网形态及地貌特征规律,针对PUB（Prediction in Ungauged Basin）问题,从物理机理分析的角度,构建描述河网汇流动态变化的微分方程并给出适当的定解条件,用解析法得出微分方程的解,从而探索出在无实测水文资料地区适用的Cs计算方法。选取中国湿润地区和半湿润地区25个流域,统计并分析了各流域次洪模型的Cs计算值和率定值。结果表明,从总体来看计算值和率定值基本上相等;不论流域是否分块,提出的Cs计算方法均适用;当其他参数保持不变,虽然Cs取计算值时所得到的次洪模拟结果略逊于取率定值的模拟结果,但误差在可接受的范围之内,也能取得良好的模拟效果;如果令Cs取计算值,再重新率定其余的各项参数,能够使模拟精度得到进一步提高。采用该法可推求无实测资料地区的汇流参数Cs值,使模型在无资料地区的应用成为一种可能。 相似文献
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等流时单元法是一种具有物理基础同时又非常简便的分布式流域汇流模型。若能应用于大流域,会显著提高大流域分布式水文模型的计算能力,可以扩展其在大流域分布式水文模型中的应用,降低其限制性。采用基于DEM的等流时单元法进行坡面汇流计算,即坡面汇流经河流两侧并入河道,河道汇流使用扩散波方程（USGS的河道汇流程序包SFR1）,将其推广到大流域分布式水文模型的应用之中。该方法与二维坡面汇流的扩散波数值方程相比较,能够节省计算时间。在伊通河中下游较大流域上试用结果表明,农安站计算与实测流量的最大相对拟合误差为13%,模型月流量Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数为0.9。等流时单元法用于大流域分布式水文模型的坡面汇流是可行的。 相似文献
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E. Vetrimurugan M. Senthilkumar L. Elango 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(5):1055-1070
Groundwater modelling is an important management tool to study the behaviour of aquifer system under various hydrological stresses. Present study was carried out in deltaic regions of the Cauvery river, with an objective of estimating the minimum river flow required to improve the groundwater quality by numerical modelling. Cauvery river delta is the most productive agricultural plains of south India, but the agricultural activities during the last few decades have decreased due to limited flow in the river and increasing concentration of solutes in groundwater in the eastern parts. In order to understand the causes for increasing concentration, a three-layered finite-difference flow model was formulated to simulate the groundwater head and solute transport. The model was used to simulate the groundwater flow and solute transport for 5 years from July 2007 to June 2012. There was a fairly good agreement between the computed and observed groundwater heads. The chloride and nitrate ions were considered for solute transport modelling. Observed and simulated temporal variation in chloride and nitrate concentrations were comparable. The simulated solute concentrations from July 2007 to June 2012 showed an accumulation of solutes in groundwater of coastal part of the study area. The model was used to find the flow to be maintained in the river and rainfall recharge required to flush the ions into the sea. This can be achieved by maintaining minimal flow in the river and through regulation of fertilizer use as well as by creating awareness of sustainable use of groundwater in this area. 相似文献
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Md. Sumon Shahriar Mohammad Kamruzzaman John McCulloch Simon Beecham 《Earth Science Informatics》2016,9(3):271-279
We develop multiple step ahead prediction models of river flow for locations in Tasmania (Australia) for decision support in aquaculture. In predicting river flows for multiple days ahead, we first statistically determine the maximum input lags of rainfall and river flow. We then use machine learning techniques in building models. In multiple step ahead prediction, we consider both static and dynamic approaches. In dynamic approach, one day prediction is served as input to two days ahead prediction. The experimental results demonstrate that, in general, a dynamic approach provides better accuracy in multiple day’s ahead prediction. For Duck Bay location using dynamic approach, support vector regression performs best over linear regression, M5P and multilayer perceptron. However, at Montagu Bay location, we find that M5P performs best over methods. We find that multiple step ahead prediction of river flow for each location requires modelling of lags with associated machine learning techniques. 相似文献
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Flood is the worst weather-related hazard in Taiwan because of steep terrain and storm. The tropical storm often results in disastrous flash flood. To provide reliable forecast of water stages in rivers is indispensable for proper actions in the emergency response during flood. The river hydraulic model based on dynamic wave theory using an implicit finite-difference method is developed with river roughness updating for flash flood forecast. The artificial neural network (ANN) is employed to update the roughness of rivers in accordance with the observed river stages at each time-step of the flood routing process. Several typhoon events at Tamsui River are utilized to evaluate the accuracy of flood forecasting. The results present the adaptive n-values of roughness for river hydraulic model that can provide a better flow state for subsequent forecasting at significant locations and longitudinal profiles along rivers. 相似文献