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1.
《Gondwana Research》2008,13(4):560-565
The method of sequence stratigraphy requires the application of the same workflow and principles irrespective of the age of strata under analysis. In that respect, its application to Precambrian successions is similar to the approach used for Phanerozoic case studies. Differences, however, are recorded in terms of the preservation potential and the amount of data available for analysis; the rates and intensities of the allogenic controls on sedimentation; the environmental conditions and related physical processes; and the evolution of competing groups of organisms and associated biogenic processes. The combined effect of these contrasting aspects accounts for differences in the architecture of depositional sequences, particularly with respect to the relative contributions of various systems tracts to the makeup of a sequence.The application of sequence stratigraphy to Precambrian basins has considerably enlarged the perspective on the fundamental principles governing the processes of sedimentary basin formation and the mechanisms controlling stratigraphic cyclicity in the rock record. These first-order principles are perhaps the most important contribution of Precambrian research to sequence stratigraphy. At the broader scale of Earth's geological history, the tectonic regimes governing the formation and evolution of sedimentary basins are shown to have been much more erratic in terms of nature and rates than originally inferred solely from the study of the Phanerozoic record. This provides important clues with respect to the criteria that should be involved in the hierarchy system of classification of stratigraphic sequences and bounding surfaces. 相似文献
2.
B. Krapez 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):355-380
The new approaches to stratigraphy, that permit geodynamic interpretations of rock units during mapping, are beginning to be applied to Precambrian successions. Foremost among the new approaches is sequence stratigraphy. In its simplest form, the technique combines the mapping of facies and time‐significant bedding surfaces. The primary surface is the unconformable sequence boundary, or its correlative conformity. However, sequence stratigraphy is not only the documentation of the vertical and internal order of rock units bounded by unconformities, but also the documentation of the hierarchical rank of those units because there are three ranks of unconformity‐bounded sequences. First‐order sequences (megasequences and megasequence sets) record global tectonic cycles. Second‐order sequences (supersequences) record depositional basins or their tectonic stages. Third‐order sequences (depositional sequences) are basin‐filling rhythms. A depositional sequence, regardless of its provenance, geodynamic setting and contained depositional systems, is divided internally into sets of sedimentation units that additively have progradational, aggradational or retrogradational stacking patterns. These patterns record the relationships between the rate of sediment accumulation and the rate at which space was made available for sediment accumulation (or rate of creation of accommodation). Depositional sequences are therefore the non‐random, but not necessarily periodic, cyclic linkage between sediment flux and accommodation, and are a reflection of geodynamic evolution. The importance of eustasy in sequence stratigraphy should be de‐emphasised. Instead the role of the sequence approach in identifying basin‐filling rhythms, whatever their cause, should be stressed. The adaptability of the technique is best viewed by using examples in which tectonic controls were dominant and chaotic responses evident. Despite the uniqueness of each basin‐fill, sequence mapping reveals an order in stratigraphic style that is inherent to basin type, regardless of basin age. Greater acceptance of the sequence approach will add significantly to the revolution in Precambrian geology, because the technique can establish the conformity in stratigraphic style between, and within, the Phanerozoic and Precambrian rock records. 相似文献
3.
本文主要介绍了前陆盆地层序地层学的研究现状及急待解决的问题。前陆盆地层序地层学是将层序地层学的理论应用于构造活动区盆地分析的一个特例；前陆盆地二级构造层序代表了盆地不同成盆期的产物；前陆盆地的三级构造层序的成因并非受全球统一海平面变化控制，而与盆缘造山带的区域构造活动、盆内沉积作用和相对海平面变化的联合作用有关，是一个成盆期不同发育阶段的产物；前陆盆地地层的层序反映了前陆盆地构造演化史为一个多旋回的沉积－构造演化史。 相似文献
4.
A. F. Trendall 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):517-526
There is no generally accepted time or time‐rock Precambrian stratigraphy, as there is for the Phanerozoic. Many authors suggest that a time‐rock nomenclature based on similar principles should be used. But no explicit general principles for the erection of major time or time‐rock stratigraphic divisions exist, or have even been used, while the confusion caused by the evolutionary and unsystematic growth of the Phanerozoic systems is admitted. Consequently, geologists dealing with the Precambrian may feel free to choose whatever methods of time subdivision and nomenclature seem most effective, unprejudiced by Phanerozoic precedent. The familiar ones used by historians seem to be more useful for Precambrian rocks and time, if megacenturies (of 108 years, or 106 centuries) are used instead of centuries, than those used in Phanerozoic stratigraphy. The conclusions that: (1) stratigraphic rock units, plus isotopic age determinations to inter‐relate major sequences and events within a numerical time‐scale of years, are together adequate for handling Precambrian stratigraphic problems, and conversely (2) traditional time and time‐rock stratigraphy is superfluous, represent the main thesis of this paper. Although there is no rock unit of system rank the local restriction of systems would overcome this deficiency; the Adelaide System is an example. Three common fallacies are: (1) rocks are the primary standard of reference for time, (2) geological maps cannot be published without time‐rock stratigraphy, and (3) the same type of nomenclature must be used for both Phanerozoic and Precambrian. International cooperation in the adoption of standard rocks for isotopic dating is advisable to promote accurate correlations in the Precambrian. 相似文献
5.
秦岭造山带沉积物源地球化学研究及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
在秦岭造山带内，由前寒武纪基底岩层组成的隆起区和由显生宙地层构造的沉积盆地广泛共存，不同构造单元，不同地段的前寒武纪地层在Ｔｈ等微量元素和Ｓｍ／Ｎｄ比值特征上明显不同，通过对比不同时代的显生宙沉积地层与相关前寒武纪地层之间Ｔｈ含量和Ｓｍ／Ｎｄ比值，研究了各沉积小区碎屑沉积物随时代变化而发生的物源变化，由此讨论了南，北秦岭之间以及与扬子北缘之间前寒武纪基底抬升和块体聚会的时限。 相似文献
6.
从关键地质事件看华南的前寒武系划分 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
2004年的《国际地层表》与以往“国际地层表”的最大不同是对前寒武系的划分原则,即:以保存在地质记录中的地球系统巨变中的关键地质事件作为划分地层单位的界线,并据之建立“自然的”前寒武纪地质年表。在这一思想指导下,本文以川滇赣三省为重点,重新审视华南的前寒武系资料,分中太古—新太古代、跃迁期、古元古—中元古代和新元古代四大阶段阐述了关键地质事件并讨论了其在大陆岩石圈形成和演化中的构造意义。这四大阶段的主要构造面貌分别是:片麻岩基底和绿岩带盆地,古陆壳的形成与裂解,第一个超级大陆即哥伦比亚(或称努纳)超大陆的形成与离散,板块构造体制下罗迪尼亚超大陆的汇聚与离散,反映了大陆岩石圈的形成和由低级向高级的演化,因而每一阶段都有不同于前一阶段的沉积建造、火成岩类型及组合、变质作用、构造样式、构造线方向、变形方式和成矿作用。基于这些事件介绍了前寒武系的分布,列述了若干条相对连续的地质剖面上所见的这四大阶段的代表性地层序列及其对比方案。文章认为“参考方案”对前寒武系研究有推动和导向作用,并探讨了地层研究具体操作中关于事件的内容、事件与过程、现存地质记录的残破不全等问题。 相似文献
7.
笔者运用板块构造和层序地层学的理论和方法，从露头区精细研究开始，寻找层序地层单元的识别标志和沉积相标志，拟建立起研究区综合层序地层格架。在此基础上结合区域构造资料和沉积背景分析，对苏皖下扬子区的震旦纪－中三叠世的层序地层进行划分，共认识别出11个二级层序，64个三级层序。 相似文献
8.
The stratigraphy, structure and tectonics of Australia's Phanerozoic sedimentary basins are described briefly in terms of three settings: younger internal basins, older internal basins and peripheral basins.The younger internal basins developed successively following part by part cratonization of the Palaeozoic Tasman Fold Belt System. Most of the older internal basins probably had late Proterozoic beginnings and all have Precambrian cratonic basements. The peripheral basins occur around the present continental margins and in New Guinea; the oldest of them may be Devonian.The peripheral basins are the simplest to explain in terms of plate tectonics: some can be related to Australia breaking away from Gondwanaland, others to plate convergence in the east and in New Guinea. An attempt is made to fit the internal basins into a platetectonic geological history. 相似文献
9.
基准面旋回结构与叠加样式的沉积动力学分析 总被引：190，自引：27，他引：163
以地层过程-响应沉积动力学为理论基础,以中期基准面旋回为周期,以短期基准面旋回为成因地层单元,较为详细地讨论了层序结构、层序叠加样式与可容纳空间 /沉积物补给通量比值 (A/S比值 )变化、基准面升降幅度及沉积动力学条件的相互关系,描述了不同结构和叠加样式的短期基准面旋回在中期基准面旋回中的分布规律,最终提出以中期基准面旋回为单元的标准层序模式。有意义的是,上述理论分析结果与四川、鄂尔多斯和辽河等盆地中的中、新生代陆相地层高分辨率层序地层分析结果完全一致,说明高分辨率层序地层学理论及其技术方法非常适合于中国广泛分布的中、新生代陆相含油气盆地的层序地层学研究。 相似文献
10.
Whither stratigraphy? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Andrew D. Miall 《Sedimentary Geology》1995,100(1-4)
There have been three revolutions in sedimentary geology. The first two began in the 1960s, consisting of the development of process-response sedimentary models and the application of plate-tectonic concepts to large-scale aspects of basin analysis. The third revolution, that of sequence stratigraphy, began in the late 1970s and helped to draw together the main results of the first two: the knowledge of autogenic processes learned through facies analysis, and the understanding of tectonism implicit in the unravelling of regional plate kinematics. Developments in the use of seismic-reflection data and the evaluation of a hypothesis of global eustasy provided considerable stimulation for stratigraphic research.Current developments in the field of sequence stratigraphy are focusing on three areas. (1) Elaboration of the sequence-architecture models for various configurations of depositional environment and sea-level history. (2) Exploration of various mechanisms for sequence generation, especially tectonism and orbital forcing. (3) Attempts to improve the level of precision in stratigraphic correlation and to refine the geological time scale, as a means to test the model of global eustasy.The growth in the power of computers and our knowledge of physical and chemical processes has led to the evolution of an entirely new way of evaluating earth history, termed quantitative dynamic stratigraphy. Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of complex earth processes are now possible, and require the collection and integration of a wide array of quantitative and qualitative data sets. Applications include the study of the geodynamic evolution of sedimentary basins, modelling of stratigraphic sequences and global climates, studies of Milankovitch cycles (cyclostratigraphy) and simulation of fluid flow through porous media. The Global Sedimentary Geology Program has brought many of these areas of study together in multidisciplinary, global-scale studies of the sedimentary history of the earth. The results of these studies have wide application to many problems of importance to the human condition, including the past history of global climate change and other environmental concerns. The study of stratigraphy is at the centre of the new view of the earth, termed earth-systems science, which views earth as an ‘organic’ interaction between the lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. 相似文献
11.
沉积波动过程分析在地层层序分析中的应用--以塔里木盆地为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
沉积波动过程是地壳波状运动的具体表现,它是各种天文因素、地质因素共同作用的结果,沉积波动过程的时空演化控制着地层层序的时空展布特点。在介绍沉积波动过程分析概念、技术思路、工作方法的基础上,利用沉积波动曲线在剖面上的预测功能及对沉积－剥蚀过程起止时间、不整合的研究成果,分析了塔里木盆地震旦系至第四系各主要构造层的地层展布特征,并对其形成过程及成因进行了分析,在理论和方法研究方面,试图将沉积波动特征的研究与层序地层学的研究结合起来,提出了地层格架－沉积波动特征连井对比图的概念和编制方法,该类图件能直观地反映多期不整合的存在及不整合间断的时间,并能直观地反映各层序的时空分布,而且能够解释地层格架的形成过程,进而进行成因分析,是沉积波动过程分析方法与层序地层学结合的一种具体、有益的偿试。 相似文献
12.
成因层序地层学的回顾与展望 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
回顾了以成因地层层序为基础的成因层序地层学的形成、发展与研究现状,对成因地层层序及其内部构成、高分辨率成因地层层序、成因地层层序的旋回性、非海相成因地层层序、成因地层层序与沉积物堆积速率等主要观点作了简略评述,并结合我国陆相沉积特征对成因层序地层学未来研究前景作了初步展望。 相似文献
13.
高精度层序地层分析:建立沉积相和储层规模的等时地层格架 总被引：29，自引：13，他引：29
高精度层序地层分析以三级层序内高精度的层序地层单元的划分和对比为主要目的 ,它可为沉积体系的沉积构成和油气储、盖组合等研究提供精细的地层对比框架。从滨浅海至陆相湖盆的充填分析均表明 ,三级层序内可依据高频的海 (湖 )泛面或沉积基准面的变化划分出若干高精度的层序地层单元 ,包括四、五级层序以及低位、水进、高位及下降等 4个体系域。四级层序的识别和对比是建立高精度层序地层格架的关键。在煤、油气盆地中 ,四级层序是对储集体和聚煤作用进行分析的基本地层单元 相似文献
14.
沉积盆地的层序和沉积充填结构及过程响应 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
现代层序地层学的理论发展,把沉积过程纳入到地质演化的时空框架中并与地球的多旋回或节律演化结合研究,形成了一套带有革命性的、在等时地层格架中研究沉积作用的新方法,成为了油气资源等沉积矿产预测勘探的重要工具。沉积盆地的沉积充填可划分出与各级沉积旋回相对应的层序地层单元。追踪对比由不整合面或不整合面及其对应的整合面为界的高级别层序地层单元建立的区域性等时地层格架,对盆地构造古地理再造和油气勘探战略性研究至关重要;追踪四、五级等低级别层序地层单元和体系域建立的高精度层序地层格架,可为重点区域或区带的沉积体系和储集体的沉积构成和分布等的解剖提供精细的地层对比基础。依据沉积基准面的变化,从层序内水进到水退的沉积旋回中可划分出正常水退沉积、强制性水退沉积、水进沉积及垂向加积等成因沉积类型。海相或湖相盆地中三级层序地层单元内均可较好地划分出低位、水进、高位及下降体系域。盆地构造作用、气候变化、海、湖平面升降过程对层序发育的控制作用及沉积响应研究,一直是层序地层学或沉积地质分析领域的研究热点。沉积盆地的层序地层序列演化是盆地地球动力学过程的总体响应。层序地层学把盆地古构造、古地理的变迁纳入到统一的地球演化系统中研究,形成了与区域地球演化史或盆地动力学演化相结合的重要研究领域。多旋回盆地或叠合盆地中多期次的构造变革导致了多个区域性不整合面所分隔的多个构造层序的叠加。注重构造—层序地层的结合分析,揭示盆地的层序地层序列与多期盆地构造作用的成因联系,是构造活动盆地或大型叠合盆地沉积地质演化和油气聚集规律研究的关键。盆地构造作用,如前陆盆地多期次的逆冲挠曲沉降和回弹隆起的构造作用、多幕裂陷过程、多期构造反转等与重要不整合及区域性沉积旋回或层序的形成密切相关;而由气候变化引起的海或湖平面变化是控制高频沉积旋回或低级别层序发育的主要因素。在构造活动盆地中,构造坡折带对沉积体系域和沉积相的发育分布具重要控制作用。 相似文献
15.
在前人资料和野外勘查的基础上对祁连山及邻区贵德盆地、循化—化隆盆地、同仁盆地、西宁盆地、门源盆地、临夏盆地、兰州盆地、定西盆地、天水盆地、肃北盆地、酒泉盆地、玉门盆地、张掖盆地、武威盆地、哈拉湖盆地、苏里盆地、木里盆地、民和盆地、共和盆地、青海湖盆地及柴达木等20余个盆地的第四纪地层进行了研究。以祁连山第四纪构造地貌演化、盆地沉积序列、古生物及古气候特征为地层分区依据,对祁连山及邻区第四纪地层进行了地层分区,并对部分地层名称做了厘定或统一。祁连山及邻区第四纪沉积特征总体为东部(主要为陇中地区)黄土分布广泛,堆积了世界上最厚的黄土地层;北部(河西走廊地区)冲洪积扇堆积及风沙发育;南部(柴北盆地)以冲洪积-湖积为主,晚更新世以来发育风成沙及黄土;共和盆地由湖泊转向冲积扇和风沙沉积;青海湖盆延续至今;中西部高山及山间盆地冰碛、冰水堆积以及河流阶地堆积发育。根据上述特征及划分原则,将祁连山及邻区第四纪地层区划分为:兰州—西宁地层区,贵德地层区,酒泉—张掖地层区,柴北地层区,共和地层区,青海湖地层区及肃北—门源地层区。 相似文献
16.
根据层序地层理论和研究方法，对四川北部广元地区上三叠统小塘子组和须家河组沉积地层露头剖面的详细研究，划分出2个二级层序和6个三级层序。平均每个三级层序的时限为2．9Ma。研究区上三叠统沉积地层从下到上由滨海相、三角洲相、辫状河相、冲积扇相组成，为印支期扬子地台西缘前陆盆地形成演化及其北西侧龙门山推覆造山作用的沉积响应。根据区域不整合面和其它层序界面特征，结合沉积盆地充填序列、沉积相和沉积体系域的时空配置，建立了该区晚三叠世地层格架和4个等时界面。 相似文献
17.
在坪北油田沉积微相和高分辨率层序地层学研究的基础上，采用顺序指示模拟方法以中期旋回为单位建立沉积微相的三维模型。结合层序地层学研究的结果对模拟结果进行检验，把不同时间单元的沉积微相平面分布提取出来，根据时间的先后顺序进行排列，甚至做成动画，对沉积微相的演化得到直观的认识。结合基准面在此期间的变化情况，进而判断模拟结果的合理性，为模拟结果的判断提供了新手段。 相似文献
18.
大陆裂谷盆地层序地层学的研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
本文以松辽裂谷盆地为例，讨论了层序地层学在陆相湖泊盆地中的应用实例，提出了适用于内陆湖泊盆地的层序地层学的术语和模式。根据大陆裂谷盆地的演化阶段特征，划分为同裂谷沉降超层序和后裂谷沉降超层序，指出两个超层序在形成机制和组份上的差异，并相应建立了两类层序地展模式；根据古湖泊发展过程中出现枯水湖—丰水期—枯水期的周期性演化特点，划分为湖进体系域、湖泛体系域和湖退体系域。 相似文献
19.
K. D. Tuckwell 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5-6):295-308
Within the complexly deformed and metamorphosed middle Precambrian Willyama Complex in western New South Wales, two distinct sedimentary sequences are recognized at the top of the succession. The fine‐grained carbonaceous Bijerkerno Beds conformably overlie a very thick psammopelitic unit termed the Wookookaroo Beds. These two sequences record different depositional histories, though they probably have similar source areas. The base of the Wookookaroo Beds is terminated against a significant tectono‐stratigraphic boundary, which may represent a major stratigraphic break within the Willyama Complex. Beneath this boundary, felsic and mafic gneisses and high‐grade metasediments are correlated with mine‐sequence rocks such as are developed within the vicinity of the main Broken Hill lode. Correlations between the stratigraphy, as established at Bijerkerno, and other areas from the Willyama Complex, help provide a fuller understanding of this Precambrian terrain. 相似文献
20.
Since plate tectonics has been linked to material flow in the Earth's mantle, it is commonly accepted that convective motion in the sublithospheric mantle results in vertical deflections and horizontal plate motion on the Earths surface. Those mantle flow-driven vertical deflections are recognized through significant signals and traces in the sedimentary records (unconformities and missing sections). Recently, Friedrich et al. (2018) introduced an event-based plume stratigraphic framework that uses such signals in the stratigraphic record to detect the geological evolution near, and on the Earth's surface in areas of interregional scale caused by mantle plume movement. Information about these dynamic processes is stored in geological archives, such as (1) stratigraphic records of sedimentary basins and (2) thermochronological data sets of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks.For the first time, this research combines these two geological archives and applies them to the Mesozoic SW Gondwana intraplate environment to retrieve the Paraná-Etendeka plume movement prior to the Paraná-Etendeka LIP. We compiled 18 stratigraphic records of the major continental and marine sedimentary basins and over 35 thermochronological data sets including >1300 apatite fission-track ages surrounding the Paraná-Etendeka Large Igneous Province to test the event-based plume stratigraphic framework and its plume stratigraphic mapping to retrieve the timing and spatial distribution of the Paraná-Etendeka plume.The plume stratigraphic mapping, using the stratigraphic records is suitable to demark a possible plume center, plume margins and distal regions (Friedrich et al., 2018). Thermochronological data reveal centers of a significant thermal Paraná-Etendeka plume influence. Both archives show significant signals and traces of mantle plume movement well in advance of the flood basalt eruptions. Our LTT data combined with stratigraphic records are modeled successfully with respect to a viable mantle plume driven thermal evolution and therefore, we suggest that thermochronological data, in combination with stratigraphy records have the potential to retrieve the Paraná-Etendeka plume movement. 相似文献