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应用差热分析，Ｘ衍射分析，透射电镜等测试手段，结合野外沉积环境，地球化学分析，对安徽两淮煤田石炭二叠系粘土矿物进行了系统的研究，主要粘土矿物有伊利石及其混层矿物，高岭石，绿泥石等，可划分为５种组合类型，即伊利石一伊／蒙混层一绿泥石组合，伊利石一伊／蒙混层组合，伊利石一伊／蒙混层一高岭石组合，高岭石一伊／蒙混层一伊利石组合的高岭石组合。不同的组合类型代表着一定的沉积环境和盆地水介质条件。其结构同其它 相似文献
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本次工作利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜-能谱仪等技术手段,分析湘江下游河床沉积物的矿物组成,并结合元素地球化学分析结果探讨沉积物中重金属的赋存特征。结果表明,湘江下游沉积物矿物组成复杂。轻矿物以碎屑矿物(石英、钾长石、钠长石)、黏土矿物(云母、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石等)和碳/硫酸盐矿物(方解石、白云石、石膏)为主,含量在95%以上;重矿物以铁矿物(赤铁矿、磁铁矿、针铁矿、钛铁矿)、稳定重矿物(锆石、金红石、磷灰石、石榴子石等)和不稳定重矿物(角闪石、辉石等)为主,含量低于5%。与其他河段沉积物相比,株洲霞湾段沉积物的碎屑矿物含量明显偏低,而黏土矿物、碳/硫酸盐矿物、铁矿物等的含量明显偏高。这与该河段沉积物重金属污染程度明显偏高的特征相对应。矿物含量与重金属的富集系数相关性分析显示,V、Th、Cr等主要赋存在伊利石等黏土矿物中,Cu、Zn、Pb、U、Co、Ni等主要赋存在铁矿物、碳/硫酸盐矿物中。赋存在黏土矿物中的重金属主要与岩石风化等自然因素有关,为自然来源。而赋存在铁矿物、碳/硫酸盐矿物等矿物中的重金属可能既有自然来源,又有人为来源。且赋存在铁氧化物矿物和碳、硫酸盐矿物中的重金属因环境条件变化,可释放转入水体而对环境产生危害,应引起重视。 相似文献
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黏土矿物的组成和含量变化与其形成时的气候、环境密切相关,是重建古环境演化的有效代用指标,因此黏土矿物定性尤其是定量分析显得尤为重要。然而,常用的定量分析方法不能直接应用,且定量分析软件在使用过程中存在误差传导效应。为此,本研究基于X射线衍射分析,针对常见的黏土矿物(蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石),建立了两种简便的定量分析方法:一、建立了黏土矿物含量与特征衍射峰面积的定量关系;二、建立了黏土矿物-石英含量比值与特征峰面积比值的定量关系。同时,为检验定量分析方法的可靠性,分析了已知混标和自然风化壳样品。结果表明,定量分析软件对高岭石、石英定量分析结果与真值差异较大(高岭石可达23%,石英则大于9%),而伊利石定量差值小于5%。相比之下,本文建立的两种方法对蒙脱石定量分析误差较大,但对高岭石、伊利石以及石英的定量分析结果与真值差均小于5%;根据两种定量方法计算化学风化指标——高岭石/伊利石含量比值(Kao/Ill)更加准确、符合客观事实。因此,在实际应用过程中,定量分析软件和本文建立的两种分析方法可共同使用,以提高黏土矿物定量分析准确性。 相似文献
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杭州湾潮滩沉积物黏土矿物空间差异与物源指示 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过对杭州湾潮滩沉积物中主要黏土矿物成分及组合类型的研究,分析了杭州湾潮滩沉积物黏土矿物的空间分布特征。借助聚类分析等手段,同时结合杭州湾水动力特征,探讨了研究区黏土矿物的来源和成因。研究结果表明,杭州湾潮滩表层沉积物主要为黏土质粉砂,其余为砂质粉砂。本区沉积物黏土矿物成分复杂,主要为伊利石,其次是高岭石和绿泥石;还有少量蒙皂石和蛭石及1.4 nm过渡矿物。根据其相对含量可分为3种组合类型:Ⅰ型为伊利石-高岭石-绿泥石-蛭石类-蒙皂石型,Ⅱ型为伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石-蒙皂石-蛭石类型,Ⅲ型为伊利石-高岭石-绿泥石-蒙皂石-蛭石类型。在空间上,北岸的蒙皂石和绿泥石平均含量高于南岸,而伊利石、高岭石和蛭石(含1.4 nm过渡矿物)平均含量则低于南岸。高潮滩和中潮滩黏土矿物对比,除了蒙皂石含量高潮滩大于中潮滩外,其他矿物含量均无明显规律。表层沉积物黏土矿物的分布特征与水动力条件和物质来源密切相关,杭州湾北岸乍浦以东潮滩受潮流和长江沿岸流影响明显,沉积物主要为长江和东海源的;南岸由于曹娥江和甬江两条河流的注入,流域物质所占比例明显比北岸高。柱状岩芯样品中各黏土矿物含量自下而上的变化则反映了物源区风化强度的波动特征。 相似文献
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韶关市大气降尘矿物成分和形貌特征研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
利用X射线衍射（XRD）仪、扫描电镜X射线能谱（SEM/EDX）仪研究大气降尘矿物成分和颗粒物形貌特征。结果表明，韶关市大气降尘主要矿物成分为伊利石、斜长石、绿泥石、石英、方解石、白云石和无定型非晶质物等，大气颗粒物形貌可分为4种类型：粒状、片状单矿物，链状集合体，圆球状飘珠和不规则粒状集合体。伊利石、绿泥石来源于地面扬尘，方解石、白云石来源于建筑扬尘，无定型非晶质物来源于工业烟尘。粒状、片状单矿物是地面扬尘的标志，链状集合体和圆球形飘珠是工业烟尘的标志，不规则粒状集合体是建筑扬尘的标志。大气降尘矿物成分和形貌特征是判别污染物来源的重要标志。 相似文献
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骨架矿物—粘土矿物碱耗协同效应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选择了克拉玛依油田二中区Ｔ２ｋ１砂砾岩储层中的六种储层矿物,石英,正长石,微斜长石,Ｃａ－蒙脱石,高岭石,伊利石。在不同的条件下研究了这六种矿物的碱耗量,还研究骨架矿物与粘土矿物按照一定的质量配比而成的复配矿物的碱耗量,探讨了矿物碱耗的协同效应,结果表明单矿物的碱耗序列为,蒙脱石（Ｓ）〉高岭石（Ｋ）〉伊利石（Ｉ）〉微斜长石（Ｍ）〉石英（Ｑ）〉正长石（Ｊ）,复配物的碱耗总体上受粘土矿物控制,尤其是蒙 相似文献
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贵州绿豆岩中粘土矿物特征及其成因探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文应用Ｘ射线衍射、红外光谱、差热分析，电子显微镜、化学分析、沉积相分析等方法，详细研究了贵州早、中三叠世间绿豆岩及其粘土矿物组成，确定了贵州绿豆岩中主要粘土矿物为伊利石、蒙脱石、高岭和伊利石／蒙脱石混层矿物。由于各地沉积环境和成岩条件的差异，分别形成伊利石粘土岩、蒙脱石粘土岩和高岭石粘土岩。探讨了绿豆及其粘土矿物的形成机理，为绿豆岩的开发利用提供了系统的新资料。 相似文献
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河南铝土矿矿物成因及其演化序列 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[摘 要]豫西铝土矿是我国喀斯特型铝土矿的典型代表。本文选取豫西典型的喀斯特型铝土矿为研究对象,通过XRD 分析、扫描电镜-能谱分析、电子探针分析和差热分析多种手段,探测铝土矿的物质组成及其赋存状态,并且分析其矿物成因,总结矿物演化序列。研究显示,豫西铝土矿的主要矿物成分包括硬水铝石、伊利石、锐钛矿、高岭石、针铁矿、赤铁矿、金红石等。硬水铝石主体为简单结晶成因。伊利石主体为风化过程中产物,部分为后期硬水铝石硅质交代的结果。锐钛矿和硬水铝石同期结晶形成于还原环境下。大部分高岭石形成于陆源期风化阶段,少部分为后期硬水铝石硅化转变形成。针铁矿和赤铁矿形成于两个阶段,第一阶段为成矿前风化作用形成的铁质风化壳;第二阶段为铝土矿成岩晚期出现了一期铁质流体活动形成了大量的赤铁矿和针铁矿。重砂矿物金红石和锆石等主要是母岩风化作用的残留物。豫西铝土矿中矿物形成演化可归纳为如下五个阶段:陆源期、同生期、成矿期、成矿后期和表生期。 相似文献
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I. Blanco-García M. Rodas C. J. Sánchez J. Alonso-Azcárate 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(6):1097-1115
This work presents the main characteristics of 97 quarry wastes, collected in 23 gravel pits, from the Jarama river area, Madrid province, Spain. In this area, more than 2.5 × 106 ton of silty-clay waste are generated every year, and no applications have as yet been defined for them. This work is the first systematic study of the fine fractions generated from the Jarama river quaternary deposits, playing part in the comprehension of this complex terrace systems. Quartz, potassium feldspar, plagioclase, calcite, and complex mixtures of phyllosilicates, such as smectite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite and illite/smectite mixed layer, have been detected. Two sets of waste which are recognized according to the calcite content, have been directly related with the terrace level beneficed in the Jarama river, and the position along the valley. Calcite concentrates in the wastes produced in the lower course, where Henares and Tajuña tributaries promote an extensive change in the geochemistry of underground water, and locally, in the petrology of quarried conglomerates. This clear distinction by location between calcite-bearing and calcite-free wastes is essential for potential applications, such as soil conditioning, raw materials for brick or tiles, etc. The wastes studied can be considered as a potential source of industrial raw materials because of their uniformity and large volume. This suggestion is now being carried out, with an attempt at assessing the possibilities of using these mining wastes as ceramic raw materials. 相似文献
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松辽盆地晚白垩世地层是由一套砂泥岩组成,储集了丰富的石油资源。过去一般认为这是一个内陆湖泊,为陆相沉积。近年来不少研究者从古生物、岩矿等方面提出与海有关的成因观点。本文根据对该区上白垩统泥岩粘土矿物进行了研究后认为,晚白垩世松辽盆地是个近海陆盆,气候温暖干燥,间转湿润,以淡水-半咸水碱性介质为主,青山口组及嫩江组沉积时,水域扩大,水体含盐度、碱性、还原性增强,可能遭受海侵。这些分析对含油地层的成因研究具有一定的意义。 相似文献
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J.V. Lisboa J.M.F. Carvalho A. Oliveira C. Carvalho J. Grade 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2007,29(5-6):593-603
The newly independent country of Timor Leste is located in the eastern half of Timor Island (Indonesian archipelago). Geological studies of the country’s mineral resources and extractive activities are practically non-existent. There is evidence of the exploitation of ceramic raw materials at outcrop level and two small brick kilns, nowadays inactive, in the Dili and Aileu areas. Near Aileu, there are light-coloured silt-rich deposits, interpreted as overbank deposits, interbedded with ancient river terraces (post-Pliocene) overlying metamorphic bedrock. These sediments are the subject of this study, which encompassed geological mapping and preliminary characterisation. Tectonically, the area is a graben, preserving alluvium and colluvium deposits. Five channel samples representative of the silt-rich deposits were collected. Semi-quantitative mineralogical analysis shows that the samples are made of illite, quartz and kaolinite clays, with accessory illite/vermiculite interstratified minerals and K-feldspar. The chemical data show agreement with the estimated mineralogical composition. The grain size distribution points to a silt-dominated assemblage. Most samples have a satisfactory extrudability but deficient moulding properties. After firing, the sampled raw materials form a final product with possible ceramic capability for whiteware production. 相似文献
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江苏泥炭大多数为低有机质分解较强的低位泥炭，适于制作肥料或制成腐肥使用；江苏硅质原料丰富，一种以硅为主的化肥——硅肥正日益显示其重要性；湖泊淤泥具有颗粒微细、含砂量少、可塑性高、结合力强、干燥敏感性好和收缩率较大等特点，是生产空心砖的最佳原料；高家边组泥页岩和坟头组底部细粉砂质泥岩及泥质粉砂岩是良好的陶粒原料、砖瓦、陶瓷建材以及水泥用粘土质原料；利用矿泉水与茶的结合能够生产出高、中、低多效应的复合型新产品。上述尚未被利用或利用程度不够的矿产资源有着广泛的开发利用前景。 相似文献
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Successful design of soil liner and covers for landfills and waste impoundments involves selection of liner material and assessment
of chemical compatibility of the liner material. In this work locally available materials with different mineralogy have been
evaluated from the viewpoint of liner application. Many local soils may not meet the requirements of liner material; often
it is necessary to amend these soils with commercially available processed bentonite. Clay liners may be attacked by chemical
waste or leachate, concentrated organic chemicals can attack compacted clay effectively destroying the characteristics of
liner material. Thus the main aim of this work has been to assess the suitability of different types of locally available
materials for their potential use as liners for waste containment facilities. The materials studied are kaolinitic red earth,
illite and fly ash. Based on literature survey and experimental work in this laboratory, 20% by weight of bentonite has been
chosen for amending selected materials. Addition of 20% bentonite to selected liner material improved the hydraulic conductivity
and adsorption capacity of the amended mixture but, reduced the volume stability. To improve the volume stability of the amended
material and to have better resistance towards chemicals attack, stabilizing the amended mixture with 1% by weight of lime
has been considered. The relative advantages and disadvantages of four materials namely; red earth with 20% bentonite, illite
with 20% bentonite, fly ash with 20% bentonite and illite alone, stabilized with 1% by weight of lime were brought out. The
chemical compatibility of the materials to electrolyte solution (0.5 N NaCl), alkaline solution (0.5 N NaOH), acid (0.5 N
HCl) and organic fluid (CCl4) has been studied. The relative efficiency of the selected materials with selected pore fluids was compared. 相似文献
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松辽盆地扶新隆起带北部扶余油层超低渗储层
粘土矿物特征及其对敏感性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以储层敏感性流动实验为基础,结合X射线衍射、扫描电镜、铸体薄片等方法,对松辽盆地扶新隆起带北部扶余油层超低渗储层粘土矿物特征及其对储层敏感性的影响进行了研究,结果表明:扶余油层主要含有绿泥石、伊利石、高岭石和伊/蒙混层等4种矿物,其中伊利石含量最多,绿泥石和伊/蒙混层次之,高岭石最少。储层速敏性和碱敏性相对较弱,水敏性和盐敏性较强,对储层影响较大,勘探开发时应重点关注。粘土矿物对储层水敏性的影响主要有3个方面,其中粘土矿物绝对总量是扶余油层水敏性强弱的主控因素。 相似文献
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海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷储层物性特征及控制因素 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
贝尔凹陷铜钵庙组-南屯组的储层类型为中-低孔低渗型,存在两个异常高孔隙发育带：第一异常高孔隙带为1 300~1 800 m,第二异常高孔隙带为2 400~2 700 m。异常高孔隙发育带的控制因素为：①火山碎屑物质对孔隙的保存及其溶解形成的次生孔隙;②碎屑颗粒包壳对原生孔隙的保存;③大气水淋滤形成的次生孔隙;④有机酸溶蚀形成的次生孔隙。其中大气水淋滤形成的次生孔隙对异常高孔隙的贡献较小。由于贝尔凹陷内有机质热解产生的有机酸主要溶蚀对象是火山碎屑岩,且火山碎屑岩溶蚀产生的各种阳离子是绿泥石和伊利石的主要组成元素,所以贝尔凹陷异常高孔隙发育的根本控制因素是储层岩石类型的特殊性。 相似文献
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Fibrous illite is one of the most important cements that grows within sandstones during burial, and the only one which is commonly dated using the K–Ar age technique. A small quantity of illite can dramatically reduce porefluid flow rates within a sandstone, thus making oil recovery uneconomic. Illite ages potentially correspond to geological events such as hydrocarbon filling of a sandstone reservoir, providing calibration to basin models. Yet the fundamental processes controlling fibrous illite growth are not understood. This contribution presents a new theory for illite growth within sandstones that explains the fibrous morphology of illite, the restricted range of illite K–Ar age dates compared to the age of the host sandstones, and the lack of 0-Myr-old illite reported. The growth of fibrous illite as an authigenic cement may be controlled by nucleation kinetics, and not by thermodynamic or growth kinetic considerations as has been previously assumed. 相似文献
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Domenico Gallipoli Agostino Walter Bruno Céline Perlot Joao Mendes 《Acta Geotechnica》2017,12(3):463-478
Much research has been devoted over the past 30 years to the development of construction materials that can lower the environmental and economic costs of buildings over their entire life by reducing embodied energy, minimizing air conditioning needs and cutting down demolition waste. In this respect, raw earth is an attractive material because it is natural and largely available. In its simplest form, this material consists of a compacted mixture of soil and water which is put in place with the least possible transformation. Raw earth construction has been practised in ancient times but has only recently been rediscovered thanks to modern technology, which has improved fabrication efficiency. If properly manufactured, raw earth exhibits comparable mechanical characteristics and better hygro-thermal properties than concrete or fired bricks. After a brief historical overview, we discuss the advantages of raw earth construction in terms of environmental impact, energy consumption and indoor air quality together with the main obstacles to its wider dissemination. We also review the hydro-thermo-mechanical behaviour of raw earth in the context of the recent geotechnical literature, by examining the dependency of key parameters such as strength, stiffness and moisture retention on: (a) material variables (e.g. particle size and mineralogy), (b) manufacturing variables (e.g. density and stabilization) and (c) environmental variables (e.g. pore suction, ambient humidity and temperature). 相似文献