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1.
21世纪初中国土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动力 总被引：33，自引：15，他引：18
Land use and land cover change as the core of coupled human-environment systems has become a potential field of land change science (LCS) in the study of global environmental change. Based on remotely sensed data of land use change with a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km on national scale among every 5 years, this paper designed a new dynamic regionalization according to the comprehensive characteristics of land use change including regional differentiation, physical, economic, and macro-policy factors as well. Spatial pattern of land use change and its driving forces were investigated in China in the early 21st century. To sum up, land use change pattern of this period was characterized by rapid changes in the whole country. Over the agricultural zones, e.g., Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the southeast coastal areas and Sichuan Basin, a great proportion of fine arable land were engrossed owing to considerable expansion of the built-up and residential areas, resulting in decrease of paddy land area in southern China. The development of oasis agriculture in Northwest China and the reclamation in Northeast China led to a slight increase in arable land area in northern China. Due to the "Grain for Green" policy, forest area was significantly increased in the middle and western developing regions, where the vegetation coverage was substantially enlarged, likewise. This paper argued the main driving forces as the implementation of the strategy on land use and regional development, such as policies of "Western Development", "Revitalization of Northeast", coupled with rapidly economic development during this period. 相似文献
2.
Process and mechanism of arable land change in Hebei Province during the past 50 years 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
XU Yue-qing 《地理学报(英文版)》2001,11(4):427-432
1 Introduction Arable land is the core of land resources and its dynamic change seriously affects regional sustainable development. Hebei Province, with a large population, is an agricultural province. With the highspeed economic development, population growth and urbanization, a great amount of arable land has been lost and the land shortage has become more serious. Therefore, arable land change and its driving forces should be studied in order to realize the sustainable agricultural develo… 相似文献
3.
XU Yue-qing 《地理学报》2001,11(4):427-432
Hebei Province is one of the regions with most densely population, fastest economic growth and most intensive land use in China. The contradiction of land shortage sharpened by high-speed economic development with population growth has become a serious problem, which has restricted regional sustainable development.This paper revealed the basic process, regional differences of change and the gravity center of arable land area according to the long-series statistical data of arable land during the past 50 years. On the basis of the above mentioned, the major driving forces that influence the changes of the arable land are discussed. The research results indicate that there is a trend of obvious fluctuating decrease in arable land area during the last 50 years. The changes of arable land area undergo the process from increase to sharp decrease to gently decrease. The regional disparity of change in arable land area is very notable and the gravity center of arable land area moves to the northeast 49.22 km. Regarding the decrease in arable land, the direct driving forces include adjustments of agricultural structure and reclamation, and indirect driving forces include advance in technology, economic interest and population growth etc. 相似文献
4.
21世纪初中国土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动力分析 总被引：99，自引：5，他引：94
在全球环境变化研究中.以土地利用与土地覆盖动态为核心的人类一环境耦合系统研究逐渐成为土地变化科学(LCS)研究的新动向.基于覆盖中国21世纪初5年间隔的遥感卫星数据获取的1 km网格土地利用变化空间信息.依据近5年土地利用变化区域分异的显著特征,以及自然地理、经济发展与国家宏观政策因素综合考虑.设计针对21世纪初5年新的中国土地利用动态区划图,揭示土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动因素.总体上.21世纪初5年中国处于土地利用快速变化期,黄淮海平原、东南沿海地区与四川盆地城乡建设用地显著扩张,占用大规模优质农田,导致南方水田面积明显减少:西北绿洲农业发展与东北地区开垦导致北方旱地面积略有增加:受西部开发"生态退耕"政策的影响中西部地区林地面积显著增加,国家退耕还林还草政策成效明显,对区域土地覆盖状况的改善产生积极的影响:这一时段国土开发与区域发展战略的实施,包括"西部大开发"、"东北振兴"等国家重大政策,加之快速的经济发展是该阶段土地利用变化格局形成的主要驱动因素. 相似文献
5.
The decrease of total cultivated area and the lower per capita available arable land resource are now serious problems in Shandong Province, a major agricultural province in China. These problems will become more serious along with the further development of economy. In this paper, based on the statistical information at provincial and county levels, the changes of arable land in Shandong Province and their driving forces during the last 50 years are analyzed. The general changing trends of arable land and per capita available arable land are reducing, and the trends of decrease will continue when the economy is developing. The result of GIS spatial analysis shows that the change of the arable land use in Shandong Province has a regional difference. Eight variables having influences on cultivated land change are analyzed by principal component analysis. The results show that the dynamic development of economy, pressure of social system and progress of scientific techniques in agriculture are the main causes for cultivated land reduction. The principal factors which can be considered as driving forces for arable land change include per capita net living space, total population and per ha grain yield. By using regressive equation, along with analysis on population growth and economic development, cultivated areas in Shandong Province in 2005 and 2010 are predicted respectively. The predicted cultivated areas in Shandong will be 6435.47 thousand ha in 2005 and 6336.23 thousand ha in 2010 respectively. 相似文献
6.
IntroductionAlmost all the provinces and autonomous regions in China have experienced decrease of arable land in the processes of economic development, population growth and urbanization. The situation is more serious in Shandong Province because of the big population and being an agricultural province. From 1949 to 1999, the arable land was decreased by more than 2 million ha in this province accompanied by rapid population growth. The total population in the province in 1999 was twice of t… 相似文献
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8.
我国现阶段土地利用变化驱动力的宏观分析 总被引：213，自引：21，他引：213
土地利用的基本竞争模型是土地利用类型变化驱动力分析的理论基础。把握土地利用个体目标和社会目标的关系,尤其是它们之间的矛盾及其地区差异,是进行土地利用变化驱动力宏观分析的有效途径。工业化城市化与粮食安全之间的矛盾、农业发展与生态环境保护之间的矛盾是现阶段我国土地利用变化的基本矛盾。土地利用变化的驱动力在空间上表现出较大的差异。本文选取11项自然和社会经济指标,分省份计算了驱动力指数。结果表明:西部地区以生存型经济福利驱动和环境安全驱动为主,而东部地区以比较经济福利驱动和食物安全驱动为主 相似文献
9.
北京市土地利用变化的空间分布特征 总被引：45，自引：10，他引：45
土地利用变化是全球变化中的重要组成部分 ,是短期内人类活动对自然环境施加影响的显著表现形式。本文基于遥感和地理信息系统技术 ,利用LandsatTM图像的解译成果 ,分析了北京市 1985～ 2 0 0 0年土地利用变化的空间分布特征。研究表明 ,在这 15年的时间里 ,北京市林地和城乡、工矿、居住用地的转移趋势明显 ,两者的转移率分别达到 4 0 78%和37 60 % ,主要以林地内部、林地向草地转移、居住用地的内部和工矿废弃地还林还草等类型为主。同时 ,各类土地利用类型的净变化呈现出明显的区域差异。 相似文献
10.
Rural hollowing is a recent geographic phenomenon that has received significant attention in China, which is experiencing rapid urbanization. It has led to the wasteful use of rural land resources, and imposed obstacles on the optimization of land use and coordinated urban-rural development. Rural hollowing has various forms of manifestation, which refers to the neglect and vacancy of rural dwellings, both of which can lead to damage and ultimate abandonment of rural dwellings. Damaged dwellings have different degrees of destruction, ranging from slight, moderate to severe. The evolutive process of rural hollowing in general has five stages, i.e., emergence, growth, flourishing, stability, and decline. Based on the combination of both regional economic development level and its physiographic features, the types of rural hollowing can be categorised as urban fringe, plain agricultural region, hilly agricultural region, and agro-pastoral region. Especially, the plain agricultural region is the most typical one in rural hollowing, which shows the spatial evolution of rural hollowing as a “poached egg” pattern with a layered hollow core and solid shape. Furthermore, the driving forces behind rural hollowing are identified as the pull of cities and push of rural areas. In particular, this paper identifies contributors to rural hollowing that include rural depopulation in relation to rapid urbanisation and economic change, land ownership and land use policy, and institutional barriers. 相似文献
11.
自然与人文交互作用下的干旱区典型绿洲耕地动态变化驱动力分析——以新疆于田绿洲为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
绿洲是干旱区独特的自然景观,是人们生产生活的载体。如何在保持经济发展、提高人民生活水平的基础上保护有限的耕地资源,是关系到干旱区绿洲和谐以及可持续发展的重要问题。选取干旱区典型绿洲——于田县1949\_2004年的自然与人文统计资料,首先分析了五十余年来该县耕地变化的情况。然后从自然与人文两个角度对影响耕地面积变化的因子进行分析,结果表明,自然因素往往构成一定区域绿洲发展的基本限制,人为因素在短时期内,对耕地的变化起着决定性作用,这种作用如果顺应自然因素的限制,则对绿洲发展有利,绿洲稳定性增强;反之,绿洲稳定性减弱,由于新疆绿洲外围多为戈壁及沙漠,因此,对绿洲的利用要遵循自然规律,以保护绿洲为前提,合理利用水等自然资源,否则绿洲的面积随时都有可能缩小。 相似文献
12.
沿海发达地区土地利用转换的人文驱动机制研究--以温州市为例 总被引：25，自引：1，他引：24
随着区域土地利用研究的日益深入,区域土地利用的转化及其驱动机制成为学术研究的新热点。国内外区域土地利用转化的研究表明,人文因素是区域土地利用转化主导驱动力的观点已得到共识,但其驱动机制及其驱动力的传导机制仍需进一步探讨。本文通过文献资料搜索和实地调研,揭示了90年代以来温州市土地利用转化的基本特征。指出土地利用转化的关键性人文因素主要是政策驱动力、经济驱动力与城镇化发展驱动力,这三种驱动力共同存在,相互作用,但同时也具有各自的主导传导机制。为此国家在实施区域土地利用宏观调控时,应当因地制宜,更加关注主导人文驱动力在具体区域环境下的重要程度及其结合过程。 相似文献
13.
基于主成分分析法的钦州市耕地面积变化及其驱动力分析 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
以钦州市为例,采用主成分分析方法,从经济、人口、农业和土地4个方面选取了13个因子,分析其在2001~2010年对耕地面积变化的影响,揭示耕地面积变化的作用机制,从而为制定合理的耕地保护政策提供依据。研究结果表明：① 钦州市耕地面积总体呈逐年下降趋势,年平均减少约460 hm2。② 钦州市耕地面积变化的主要因子是经济社会发展、人口增加和农业生产发展,这3者构成了耕地面积变化主要驱动力。③ 可以从减少建设占用、加强土地开发利用、加强农业结构调整的引导和管理等3个方面遏制钦州市耕地面积减少的势头。 相似文献
14.
基于遥感的呼伦贝尔盟农牧业土地利用变化及其对地区农业持续发展影响的研究 总被引：31，自引：1，他引：30
随着人口的增长, 人类活动对土地利用/土地覆盖变化的影响越来越大, “人口-资源-环境”问题越来越突出,因此,土地利用/土地覆盖变化的研究尤为重要。本文利用1986年和1996 年两期陆地卫星TM 数据, 分析探讨了呼伦贝尔盟近十年来农牧业土地利用数量变化及其区域差异,并通过计算耕地重心,分析了近十年来呼伦贝尔盟耕地的空间变化规律, 在此基础上进一步探讨了呼伦贝尔盟农牧业土地利用变化对地区农业持续发展的影响。结果表明： 十年来, 呼伦贝尔盟农牧业土地利用变化很大, 耕地面积大幅度增加,草地与未利用地面积减少;农牧业土地利用变化空间差异非常明显,导致十年来呼伦贝尔盟耕地重心向西北方向移动33.15 km , 耕地生态环境发生了显着变化; 呼伦贝尔盟耕地面积大幅度增加, 对合理开发利用耕地资源, 促进地区农业持续发展起到了积极的作用。 相似文献
15.
农地边际化的表现特征及其诊断标准 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：19
本文对农地边际化与边际土地的概念与本质、农地边际化在区域土地利用中的表现特征及其诊断标准进行了理论探讨。农地边际化是一种受社会、经济、政治和环境等因素综合驱动作用的过程,一种在现有的土地利用和社会-经济结构条件下,农地变得不再具有经济生产能力的过程。在农地边际化过程中,农户会有不同的行为响应,从而导致区域土地利用在“集约度、播种面积、用途转移与土地经营制度”等方面发生重大变化;农地利用的“边际收益指标”、“集约度指标”与“播种面积指标”是诊断农地边际化的三大指标。一般而言,如果该农地利用的“边际收益”为负,且在随后的土地利用过程中出现了“集约度下降、播种面积缩小,甚至弃耕撂荒”等变化特征,可以初步判断该农地利用出现了边际化现象。但不同类型农地边际化,其诊断标准也有差异。 相似文献
16.
Based on the acquaintance of the regional background of urban-rural transformational development and investigations on the spot,this paper discusses the holistic situation, dominant factors and mechanism of arable land loss and land for construction occupation in the coastal area of China over the last decade,with the aid of GIS technology.Conclusions of the research are summarized as follows：（1）the arable land had been continuously decreasing from 1996 to 2005,with a loss of 1,708,700 hm^2 and an average decrement of 170,900 hm^2 per year;（2）land for construction increased 1,373,700 hm^2 ,with an average increment of 153,200 hm^2 per year;（3）total area of encroachment on arable land for construction between 1996 and 2005 was 1,053,100 hm^2 ,accounting for 34.03%of the arable land loss in the same period,the percentages of which used for industrial land（INL）,transportation land（TRL）,rural construction land（RUL）and town construction land（TOL）are 45.03%,15.8%,15.47%and 11.5%,respectively;and（4）the fluctuation of the increase of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the nation＇s macroscopic land-use policies and development level of regional economy.The growth of population and advancement of technology promoted the rapid industrialization, construction of transportation infrastructures,rural urbanization and expansion of rural settlements in the eastern coastal area,and therefore were the primary driving forces of land-use conversion. 相似文献
17.
塔里木河干流土地利用/覆盖变化的社会经济驱动力分析 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10
土地利用/覆盖变化的驱动力分析是土地利用/覆盖研究的一个主要核心内容。利用相关分析和主成分分析,探讨土地利用变化的社会经济驱动力。在驱动力分析的基础上,建立人口因素与土地利用程度的分异模型,并通过干扰度指数的计算,分析人类活动对不同景观类型的干扰强度。研究结果表明：研究区土地利用变化的主要社会经济驱动力为：人口因素、经济因素、技术因素和区域社会经济发展程度等。人类活动对建设用地的干扰强度最大,其次是林地、耕地和水域,而对于其他景观类型的干扰度则不甚明显。人口密度与土地利用程度的分异模型适用于分析现阶段人口密度与土地利用程度之间的关系,而且还可以通过预测未来人口变化状况进行土地利用程度的预测。 相似文献
18.
主题公园周边土地利用动态变化及其驱动机制——以常州中华恐龙园为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以常州中华恐龙园为研究对象,选取该处土地利用重要变化节点2000—2010年为研究时段,利用GIS/RS手段,从土地利用变化速度、土地利用扩展强度和土地利用转移方向等方面对中华恐龙园周边土地利用变化时空特征进行定量分析。结果显示:2000—2010年中华恐龙园周边10 km缓冲区内各种土地利用类型均有较大变化,随着缓冲区范围的扩大,其建设用地变化速率变缓,相比而言,2005—2010年间的变化强度和规模比2000—2005年间大。研究区内建设用地变化与中华恐龙园的发展水平呈显著相关。依托区域形象、人文环境、人口集聚等保障因素,在政府金融、财税、土地等政策的引导下和各项经济因素的推动下,主题公园周边的土地实现了功能转变、价值提升且土地利用方式朝着集约化的方向发展。 相似文献
19.
Based on the acquaintance of the regional background of urban-rural transforma-tional development and investigations on the spot, this paper discusses the holistic situation, dominant factors and mechanism of arable land loss and land for construction occupation in the coastal area of China over the last decade, with the aid of GIS technology. Conclusions of the research are summarized as follows: (1) the arable land had been continuously de-creasing from 1996 to 2005, with a loss of 1,708,700 hm2 and an average decrement of 170,900 hm2 per year; (2) land for construction increased 1,373,700 hm2, with an average increment of 153,200 hm2 per year; (3) total area of encroachment on arable land for con-struction between 1996 and 2005 was 1,053,100 hm2, accounting for 34.03% of the arable land loss in the same period, the percentages of which used for industrial land (INL), trans-portation land (TRL), rural construction land (RUL) and town construction land (TOL) are 45.03%, 15.8%, 15.47% and 11.5%, respectively; and (4) the fluctuation of the increase of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the nation’s macroscopic land-use policies and development level of regional economy. The growth of population and advancement of technology promoted the rapid industrialization, construction of transportation infrastructures, rural urbanization and expansion of rural set-tlements in the eastern coastal area, and therefore were the primary driving forces of land-use conversion. 相似文献
20.
1996-2005年中国沿海地区土地利用转换时空分析 总被引：14，自引：7，他引：7
Based on the acquaintance of the regional background of urban-rural transforma- tional development and investigations on the spot, this paper discusses the holistic situation, dominant factors and mechanism of arable land loss and land for construction occupation in the coastal area of China over the last decade, with the aid of GIS technology. Conclusions of the research are summarized as follows: (1) the arable land had been continuously de- creasing from 1996 to 2005, with a loss of 1,708,700 hm2 and an average decrement of 170,900 hm2 per year; (2) land for construction increased 1,373,700 hm2, with an average increment of 153,200 hm2 per year; (3) total area of encroachment on arable land for con- struction between 1996 and 2005 was 1,053,100 hm2, accounting for 34.03% of the arable land loss in the same period, the percentages of which used for industrial land (INL), trans- portation land (TRL), rural construction land (RUL) and town construction land (TOL) are 45.03%, 15.8%, 15.47% and 11.5%, respectively; and (4) the fluctuation of the increase of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the nation's macroscopic land-use policies and development level of regional economy. The growth of population and advancement of technology promoted the rapid industrialization, construction of transportation infrastructures, rural urbanization and expansion of rural set- tlements in the eastern coastal area, and therefore were the primary driving forces of land-use conversion. 相似文献