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1.
居民时空行为与环境污染暴露对健康影响的研究进展 总被引：8，自引：8，他引：0
环境污染是全球共同面对的重大问题之一,严重危害居民的健康状况。已有关于环境污染与健康研究主要包括宏观区域层面的环境污染与健康指标的相关关系研究;基于居民日常交通出行的空气污染暴露与健康效应的研究;以及关注社会经济属性,重点探讨黑人、儿童、低收入者等弱势群体所承受的环境负面影响,即环境公正和健康不平等研究。本文对上述研究进行较为系统的梳理与评价,基于时空行为、环境公正等学科前沿议题,为研究环境污染与健康之间的复杂性提供多样化的理论视角以及较为完整的分析框架。同时提出,需要将个体时空行为、环境污染与健康相关联,从微观层面深入研究基于居民时空行为轨迹的环境污染暴露与健康影响机理,挖掘不同社会、空间背景下的环境公正与健康不平等的内在关系,为发展更为公平、有效的城市与交通规划措施以及环境健康政策等提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Hilda E Kurtz 《Area》2005,37(1):79-88
The United States environmental justice movement has grown in the last 20 years from tactical cooperation between civil rights and environmental activists on hazardous waste issues into a broad-based movement for social change. As dozens of organizations invest resources in an environmental justice agenda, it is important to examine how such organizations portray their stance toward the goals of the larger movement in order to better understand tensions within the movement between social justice and environmental protection, diversity and commonality, and localized and broader movement agendas. This paper explores what contemporary environmental justice imagery tells us about this social movement through a critical discourse analysis of environmental justice organizations' logos. The conceptual approach used here links a tradition of critical discourse analysis of textual materials with elements of a critical visual methodology. The paper examines how the social grievance of environmental injustice is constructed in relation to the social and natural world, and considers what these images tell us about the identities, relationships and modes of authority that constitute the contemporary environmental justice movement. 相似文献
3.
陕西省韩城煤矿区居民环境污染调适行为 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
陕西省韩城矿区煤炭资源丰富, 但环境污染非常严重, 当地居民对此深感焦虑。本研究的目的是了解不同属性的居民对环境污染的调适行为差异以及影响因素, 供政府部门参考。通过454 份有效问卷的统计, 利用卡方检验、秩和检验和探索性路径分析方法, 得到以下结论:①大多数居民都很少或没有采取有关措施来要求改善环境。其中“给有关部门打电话”是居民最常用的要求改善环境的措施。②性别分组对大气污染、水污染和噪音污染的调适行为没有显著影响。年龄对居民的水污染、噪音污染调适行为有显著影响。文化程度对大气污染调适行为有显著影响。居住时间对调适行为没有显著影响。③“为了经济或就业愿意忍受污染的程度”对“考虑搬家”和“上诉”的调适行为有负向显著影响。“对环境污染的总体评价”的感知对“上诉”、“在家中规避”和“向同事抱怨”的调适行为有显著正向影响。对居民“组织维权行动”有显著影响的是采取“上诉”和“向同事抱怨”的两种调适行为, 以及“对环境污染的总体评价”的感知。“对政府环保工作的满意度”感知则对“组织维权行动”具有显著的负向影响。 相似文献
4.
环境公正研究关注人民生活质量的空间公正问题。从环境经济地理学的角度,本研究以广州市为研究对象,采用1995年、2004年、2013 年的工业企业数据和1990年、2000 年、2010 年的人口普查数据,运用空间可视化工具和多尺度地理加权回归模型等方法,分析了广州市污染企业的分布及其与区域人口社会特征关系的时空变化,然后探讨转型背景下中国城市污染企业分布的环境公正问题。研究发现,广州市污染企业空间分布经历由中心城区集聚向近郊区和边界地带集聚的过程,在城市产业空间重构与社会空间分异的共同作用下,污染企业空间分布的环境不公正问题由最初表现不明显转变为全市范围的阶层差异与企业污染负担之间关系,具有不同于西方环境不公正现象的特征和成因。 相似文献
5.
煤矿区居民的环境污染感知——以陕西省韩城矿区为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选择陕西省韩城矿区的下峪口矿和燎原矿为研究区域,通过实地访谈和454份有效问卷,利用秩和检验等统计方法,探讨了居民对环境污染的感知的影响因素。主要结论是:(1)矿区居民对环境普遍不满意,他们认为最严重的环境污染是大气污染,其次是噪音污染。矿区环境污染的最主要原因是煤炭加工(洗选、炼焦),采煤并不是最主要的环境污染原因。(2)在居民属性与环境污染感知方面发现:性别对环境污染的感知无明显的影响。年龄和居住时间对大气污染、水污染和噪音污染的感知有显著正向影响。文化程度对水污染、噪音污染和环境卫生感知有显著负向影响,这与文化集团性有关。居住空间对水污染和噪音污染有显著负向影响,说明水污染和噪音污染感知表现出空间层次性。研究结果可以为矿区的环境治理、政策制定等提供参考。 相似文献
6.
以桂、黔典型民族旅游村寨为例,从居民、旅游者视角对比分析旅游的自然与社会文化环境影响感知的异同,并从旅游满意度出发探讨了“主客”所关注的旅游环境指标差异。研究发现,居民和游客都肯定旅游发展带来的正面自然环境影响,且感知程度较为一致,而两者对社会文化环境各方面有不同程度的体会;“主客”对旅游负面环境影响感知差异较大,尤其在社会文化环境影响负面感知上呈现两极分化;居民和游客所关注的旅游地环境指标也同样存在差异。 相似文献
7.
以陕西省商洛市商州区典型的铅锌矿尾矿区—铁炉子村为研究区,以问卷的形式调查了常住居民对开矿引起的环境污染的感知状况,采用秩和检验及相关分析方法,研究该尾矿区居民的环境污染感知状况与居民属性的关系。结果表明：（1） 尾矿区居民认为该尾矿区最为严重的环境问题为水污染,其次为粉尘和大气污染等。（2） 超过50%的居民认为矿区的大气、粉尘和水污染等环境污染均与开矿有关系,且开矿对居民身体健康和生产造成了不同程度的影响,最有可能使居民患上肺吸尘等呼吸系统疾病,并使矿区周围的农牧业减产。（3） 居民属性与居民对环境污染感知的相关关系表明,居民职业显著影响居民对水和噪音污染以及健康担心程度的感知,居民年龄与其对环境卫生污染的感知、居民文化程度与其对大气污染的感知、居住时间与居民对粉尘和水污染的感知均呈显著正相关,居民文化程度对环境卫生污染的感知、居民距矿区的距离与其对粉尘、水、噪音、环境污染感知均呈显著负相关,居民性别对环境污染的感知无明显影响。研究可为当地政府部门治理和规划尾矿区的环境提供理论依据。 相似文献
8.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):23-36
The grassroots environmental movement often protests locally unwanted land uses. Many grassroots groups have, however, expanded their agenda to the scale of environmental justice. Explanations for this scale transformation include historical circumstances, individuals' radicalization through activism, and the growth of environmental justice networks. This case study, grassroots environmentalists' opposition to a proposed electricity transmission line in Monroe County, WV, explores another explanation: appeals for environmental justice are also a strategic response to siting regulatory procedures. With concepts emerging from the political geography of scale, I interpret the Monroe Countians' efforts and show how their strategies link the grassroots scale with that of environmental justice. 相似文献
9.
George Towers 《The Professional geographer》2000,52(1):23-36
The grassroots environmental movement often protests locally unwanted land uses. Many grassroots groups have, however, expanded their agenda to the scale of environmental justice. Explanations for this scale transformation include historical circumstances, individuals' radicalization through activism, and the growth of environmental justice networks. This case study, grassroots environmentalists' opposition to a proposed electricity transmission line in Monroe County, WV, explores another explanation: appeals for environmental justice are also a strategic response to siting regulatory procedures. With concepts emerging from the political geography of scale, I interpret the Monroe Countians' efforts and show how their strategies link the grassroots scale with that of environmental justice. 相似文献
10.
居民环境感知是其环境行为为基础,研究居民属性对环境问题感知的影响,对煤矿区的环境保护社会措施的实施有重要参考意义。彬长矿区是国家重点产煤区,但其环境问题非常严重。通过实地访谈和407份有效问卷的统计,利用秩和检验等方法,探讨了居民对环境问题的感知和调适行为的影响因素,主要结论是：（1）矿区居民对环境普遍不满,他们认为大气污染最严重,其次是环境卫生、噪音和水污染,最后是塌陷和地裂缝。环境问题的最主要原因由采煤和煤炭加工;（2）在居民属性与环境问题感知方面发现：性别对大气污染、水污染、塌陷和地裂缝的感知有明显的影响。年龄属性对大气污染、水污染、噪音污染、塌陷和地裂缝的感知均有显著正向影响。文化程度属性对大气污染、塌陷和地裂缝的感知有显著负向影响。职业属性对各类环境问题的感知均有显著影响。居住时间对噪音污染感知没有显著影响,对其他感知有显著正向影响。居住空间在居民对矿区环境问题的感知上具有显著性负向影响。研究结果可以为矿区的环境治理、政策制定等提供参考 相似文献
11.
以大理洱海环境治理事件为典型案例，基于半结构式访谈、观察法等质性方法，从环境正义视角切入分析洱海环境治理中的主体博弈与权益协商议题。研究发现，洱海的环境治理是一种以环境名义开展地社会治理与目的地管理过程，逐渐从治理水环境延伸至环境、民生、产业升级等多方面的综合治理；洱海治理隐含权力张力与利益冲突，本地村民、旅游经营者及地方基层政府三方基于合情、合理与合法性原则，围绕“情、理、法”逻辑进行利益博弈与协商；乡村旅游中的环境治理应置于乡村与社会治理框架体系下进行，关照民生与发展。环境正义理论可解释乡村旅游中的环境治理与冲突现象，为揭示环境治理背后的利益冲突与社会问题提供独特视角。 相似文献
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13.
Laure Charleux 《Urban geography》2013,34(2):197-218
Low-emission zones (LEZs) are core urban areas where vehicles that are deemed especially polluting are prohibited, in the hope of reducing the population’s exposure to outdoor air pollution. LEZs have proliferated in Europe during the past decade. While an emerging body of literature considers LEZs’ impacts on pollution, studies thus far have not tackled LEZs’ impacts on mobility. This article uses household-travel survey data to assess how a projected LEZ in Grenoble, France could affect individuals’ mobility, specifically enquiring whether or not the impact would be socially differentiated and might constitute a social injustice. Four likely scenarios are considered and logistic regressions show that, indeed, the probability that people will be affected by the LEZ is related to their social group. However, interpretations in terms of social justice may vary, depending on the reference population considered and hypotheses regarding the reduction of pollution exposure. 相似文献
14.
陕西省铜川矿区居民对环境问题的感知 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陕西省铜川矿区王石凹矿的资源丰富,但环境问题严重。通过实地调查和490份有效问卷的统计,利用秩和检验等方法,探讨了对居民环境问题感知的影响因素。主要结论是:①矿区居民对居住环境普遍不满意,他们认为最严重的环境问题是水污染。产生环境问题的最主要原因是采煤。②在居民属性与环境问题感知方面发现:性别对大气污染的感知有明显的影响。年龄和居住时间对塌陷和地裂缝的感知有显著影响。居民居住地点对矿区环境问题的感知均具有显著性差异。 相似文献
15.
环境公正已成为国外学术研究的热点问题，且地理学家研究贡献颇多。文章通过梳理国外环境公正的相关研究，特别是地理学家的相关文献，探讨了环境公正的概念建构，并应用Citespace软件分析20世纪90年代以来对环境公正研究的主题词变化态势，从研究内容、方法和尺度等方面总结了环境公正的研究特点，以期为中国环境公正的研究和相关政策的制定提供参考和借鉴。国外学者对环境公正概念主要从“分布公正”“认知公正”与“程序公正”3个方面建构。国外对环境公正的研究主题从关注社区的污染物质和污染设施向气候变化、绿色能源空间等全球性问题发展；研究内容涉及环境公正的分布、原因、影响以及实现方式的多元探讨；研究立场鲜明且在政策与规划方面具有极强的实践性；研究方法涵盖定性和定量两大领域的多种方法，并不断发展；研究尺度上从社区至全球都有覆盖。 相似文献
16.
Public engagement is important for improving outcomes of social-ecological systems management. We used a social justice theoretical framework to measure residents’ attitudes toward public engagement processes and satisfaction with outcomes of a restoration project in Western Montana. We predicted process control and decision control domains of procedural justice would significantly predict stakeholder satisfaction, with decision control partially mediating the relationship between process control and satisfaction. We tested these predictions using a path analysis of intercept survey data collected from residents within the project area. We found process control had a significant and positive effect on satisfaction but was fully mediated by decision control, suggesting that successful engagement requires opportunities for stakeholders not only to participate but to clearly shape decisions and outcomes. We discuss implications for public engagement, human dimensions research, and social monitoring of social-ecological systems. 相似文献
17.
作为生态和环境保护手段的空间规划:联邦德国的经验及对中国的启示 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
联邦德国生态环境保护走过了一条污染-治理-预防的道路, 即由技术性和应激性转为政策性和预防性的环境保护。生态环境保护政策和措施由环保活动家,大企业,学术界,地方及联邦各级有关部门共同制定,并由一个国家级综合的监测体系监督执行。公众不仅有权力了解结果,而且也将参与政策措施的制订和监督。德国空间规划包含欧盟,联邦,州,区域,城镇和城市建设6个层面。空间规划,特别是生态环境规划已成为预防生态环境破坏的重要措施。然而,联邦德国生态环境规划实施也面临个人交通和小企业污染以及环保成本提高造成企业区位劣势所带来的挑战。这些经验教训对中国的生态环境保护目标,政策措施的完善及生态空间规划的制订和监督落实,环境评价,特别是规划本身的环境评价具有借鉴意义。具体包括4个方面: 1)生态环境保护政策实现从提高环保技术手段向预防污染产生转变; 2)保证生态环境保护政策及实施的有效性; 3)把空间规划作为实现区域经济和社会稳定可持续发展的手段,提高生态和环保目标的地位; 4)在规划的技术层面上关注居住,休闲,交通和自然保护区用地的增长。 相似文献
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Lyndsay N. Boggess Deanna M. Pérez Kathryn Cope Carl Root Paul B. Stretesky 《Urban geography》2013,34(3):315-336
As of 2013, medical marijuana is legal in 20 US States and the District of Columbia, but few studies have investigated the impact of the retail centers that sell the drug. We draw upon the social construction literature to frame our research and help us determine whether medical marijuana centers in Denver, Colorado, are considered locally undesirable land uses (LULUs). The geography of health and environmental justice frameworks lead us to hypothesize that marijuana centers are more likely to be opened in Hispanic, Black, and poor neighborhoods than in non-Hispanic White and affluent neighborhoods. We also hypothesize that marijuana centers will tend to increase the minority composition and poverty of the neighborhoods in which they are located. Contrary to expectations, we find no empirical support for these two hypotheses. Instead, results suggest that marijuana centers are likely to be situated in neighborhoods with higher crime rates and more retail employment. Thus, despite the view by many planners and law enforcement officials that these centers are problematic, they do not take on LULU characteristics in siting and demographic changes. This finding, while limited to Denver, has important implications for policymakers who are considering similar marijuana policies. 相似文献
19.
环境污染与健康的研究一直受到世界各国的广泛关注。基于2016年郑州市区的大规模问卷调查,运用GIS空间分析技术、多元线性回归模型以及logistic回归模型等方法,研究微观尺度下居民健康与环境危害感知的空间分布,并探讨影响居民健康的关键因素。研究表明：①郑州市居民对自身健康状况的感知总体上处于中等水平,多数居民认为空气污染最严重,其次是噪声污染,垃圾污染与水污染相对较轻,但这4种环境污染均对居民健康状况具有显著影响。②居民健康感知的空间差异显著,呈现出明显的“中间低—外围高”的分布特征,即市中心的居民健康水平较低,而处于外围地区的居民健康水平较高。③不同社会经济属性个体对自身健康状况感知差异明显,随着年龄的增长对健康状况的感知越来越差,尤其是60岁以上的人群感知最差;高学历与高收入者认为自己健康状况很好或者非常好的比例远大于低学历与低收入者;性别与婚姻状况对健康感知的影响并不明显。④居住地到工作单位的距离越远,健康状况感知很好或者非常好的人数比例越低,街道区位也是影响居民感知自身健康状况的显著因素。研究结果可为郑州市制定更加公平、有效的环境健康政策提供科学依据。 相似文献
20.
Do firms adopt lower standards in poorer areas? Corporate social responsibility and environmental justice in the EU and the US 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Andy Gouldson 《Area》2006,38(4):402-412
Within the context of broader debates on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental justice (EJ), this paper examines three key questions: first, how the standards that corporations adopt at the global scale trickle down into local site-level practices; second, whether levels of corporate environmental performance vary from place to place; and third whether any variations in corporate environmental performance relate to the principles of EJ. To do this, the analysis draws upon recently disclosed data to evaluate variations in the environmental performance of oil refineries across the US and the EU. It finds significant variations in emissions of some key pollutants. These exist both across the range of refineries, with dirtier refineries emitting at least five times as much as cleaner refineries, and between the EU and the US, with refineries in the EU emitting more than twice as much as refineries in the US. At the local level, it finds that there are correlations between higher levels of emissions from refineries and lower levels of income, employment and population density. Although these findings provide support for some of the contentions of the EJ movement, they do not say anything about causality, and as a result we cannot say definitively that companies adopt lower standards in poorer areas. 相似文献