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1.
Andrew R. McWilliam Nur Isiyana Wianti Yani Taufik 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2021,42(1):132-148
Over recent decades, sustained economic growth in Indonesia has lifted many millions of Indonesians out of poverty. But despite these developments, 28 per cent of the population still live below the official poverty line and many more remain vulnerable to falling into poverty. Coastal and fishing communities represent some of the poorer populations across Indonesia, their livelihoods increasingly threatened by deleterious environmental impacts and overfishing. This paper draws on an analysis of household surveys from two Sama Bajo fishing settlements in coastal Southeast Sulawesi. A predominantly maritime language community, Sama Bajo livelihoods are shaped by seasonal patterns of fishing and marine based harvesting and trading. Using a modified poverty survey instrument, the paper explores comparative patterns of poverty and prosperity in these two communities with a focus on livelihood dynamics, seasonality effects, and the enduring patron‐client relationships that sustain their market‐oriented way of life. Key findings highlight the vulnerability of female headed households given the highly gendered access to fishing success, and the significance of relational co‐dependencies between patron‐client networks that sustain the current patterns of fishing livelihoods. The paper highlights the need for more focussed livelihood research among vulnerable populations in Indonesia and smallholder fishing communities in particular. 相似文献
2.
Not only tourism: unravelling suburbanization,second-home expansion and “rural” sprawl in Catalonia,Spain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study illustrates multifaceted urbanization patterns and processes in a coastal region of Catalonia (northeastern Spain) as a paradigmatic example of the socio-economic transformations typically observed in the northern Mediterranean basin since World War II. By focusing on the expanding tourism industry, second-home expansion, infrastructural development and sprawl around traditional rural centres, the paper assesses the effects of long-term economic, demographic, social and cultural transformations on rural landscapes in Alt Empordà, the so-called “Catalan Tuscany”. The stratification of distinct urbanization waves and the underlying socio-economic processes observed in Alt Empordà reflect population dynamics and settlement morphologies typical of rural districts moving rapidly towards a suburban spatial organization. Recent urban dynamics in Mediterranean rural systems deserve further investigation in order to shed light on latent suburbanization processes involving marginal European regions. 相似文献
3.
Based on objective data collected from interviews in typical villages of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the present study devised three livelihood scenarios related to rural transformation development: agriculturally dominant livelihood, multiple-type livelihood and non-agriculturally dominant livelihood. Moreover, the present study reports the trend characteristics of nonpoint source pollution load of crop farming in relation to the transformation of dominant livelihood types, and discussed the primary factors which affect livelihood type transformations. Results indicated the following: (1) The current farmland pattern shows a trend of diversification as self-cultivation, cropland transfer and fallow in the sample region. Dynamic characteristics of cultivated land present a special feature that is more “transfer-into” than “transfer-out”. Various scales of planting are represented among the various households, according to the following decreasing order: half-labor household > non-labor household > adequate labor household. (2) The highest pollution loading produced by crop farming occurs in half-labor households while the lowest occurs in non-labor households. With increasing labor, the pollution load per unit area tends to first increase and then decrease within families with enough labor. (3) As the type of livelihood transitions from agriculturally dominant to non-agriculturally dominant, the maximum reduction of total pollution loading produced by the agricultural industry can reach 72.01%. Compared to agriculturally dominant livelihoods, multiple-type livelihoods produce a pollution load reduction yield of 19.61%–29.85%, and non-agriculturally dominant livelihoods reduce the pollution load yield by 35.20%–72.01%. However, the rate of reduction of total nitrogen is not the same as total phosphorus. (4) The non-agricultural characteristics of labor allocation and income promote the transformation from dominant livelihood types to non-agricultural livelihoods, while potential revenue conversion follows a similar trend. In addition, different household types do not display identical conversion rates, according to the following decreasing order: enough labor household > half-labor household > non-labor household. (5) During rapid urbanization and the building of new industrial systems, the livelihood types of rural households have been further transformed to off-farm household types in the mountainous region; this process will lead to the further reduction of pollution load generated by planting and agriculture. Hence, significant decreases in the planting pollution load necessitate the development of control measures to enhance transformations from agricultural to off-farm livelihoods. 相似文献
4.
半城镇化农民可持续生计与农村可持续发展——理论框架、研究进展及未来展望 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
可持续生计理论方法不仅可以应用于城市务工的半城镇化农民,服务于有序推进中国的城镇化,而且可广泛应用于中国西部农村地区和农户尺度的研究,服务于农村可持续发展。本文首先梳理了当前可持续生计的概念及分析框架,并基于半城镇化农民可持续生计与农村可持续发展,从地理学的综合视角提出了一个适应于中国实证研究的理论分析框架。然后依托国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“半城镇化农民生计状态评估及市民化阻滞因素与政策调控”,梳理了可持续生计的国际国内研究进展以及半城镇化农民市民化与农村地区可持续发展的中国实证研究成果。最后提出了未来的研究展望,包括半城镇化农民市民化与农村地区可持续发展的联动研究,半城镇化农民市民化转变的主观意愿与客观阻滞因素综合研究,半城镇化农民与农村发展作用机理及其市民化效应,可持续生计与农村可持续发展的集成研究。 相似文献
5.
Fenda A. Akiwumi 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2011,32(1):53-70
This paper draws from world‐systems and sustainable livelihoods approaches to analyze the connections between multinational exports of rutile (titanium oxide), diminished ecological resources and resource‐based livelihoods, and gendered household dynamics in a peripheralized mining region in Sierra Leone. The discussion focuses on how the extraction of mineral resources instigated by exogenous capital investors forces links to household transformation, particularly the vulnerability context of women. Using archival records and field survey data, the case study of rutile mining in southwestern Sierra Leone connects the low‐waged mining labour of traditional resource‐based subsistence communities and deepening marginalization of and financial pressures on women in mining households to global mineral markets. The study focuses on women's coping mechanisms that are embedded within traditional social networks in relation to an external intervention, a low‐tech mechanical cassava grater, intended to strengthen their livelihoods. It finds that the potential for this transformation is impeded by sociocultural, environmental and financial limitations. 相似文献
6.
城市滨水空间转型发展是促进城市空间优化和产业结构调整的关键方式,已成为当前国际城市更新与再开发的主要组成部分,相关研究也大量涌现,有必要进行归纳和总结。论文以Web of Science和Science Direct数据库1988—2020年间相关文章为分析对象,从滨水空间转型发展的过程、模式、动因与机制、效应等方面对其研究内容和主要结论进行了归纳分析。结果表明,国外滨水空间转型发展研究多采用定性方法对案例地开展描述性分析,研究主题从关注实践需求转向探讨深层次学术问题并逐渐多元化,研究视角越发强调人本主义和公平理念。最后,结合国外研究经验和中国实际指出：未来中国应转变研究视角和研究对象,重视不同区域多案例的对比研究,再现城市滨水空间转型的过程,模拟城市滨水空间转型的机制,全面评估城市滨水空间转型的效应,以优化和完善中国城市滨水空间的研究体系。 相似文献
7.
基于社区理论大城市郊区化过程中失地农民社区的城镇化问题分析——以长春市兴华园社区为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
基于长春市兴华园社区典型案例,利用社区理论揭示了大城市郊区化过程中失地农民社区的城镇化机制与影响。结果表明土地征用体制下以农村社区为载体实现了快速城镇化,实现了乡村社会和经济空间重构,乡村生产空间和生活空间的优化和重组,地域空间并入城市发展范畴,城镇化进程加快,主要表现为城市景观和设施的推进,农民市民化进程加快,包括就业非农化与生活方式市民化等,但存在社会保障和补偿机制不健全,失地农民生活满意度低,社会认同感缺失等问题。 相似文献
8.
旅游引导的新型农村城镇化研究——以丹霞山瑶塘村与断石村为例 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
采用质性研究方法,揭示1980~2014年间丹霞山瑶塘村和断石村在旅游引导下实现农村城镇化的过程特征和机制。研究发现,在旅游驱动下,地方政府、农村社区、外来力量等多元主体共同作用下两村逐步实现了“以人为核心”的新型农村城镇化;地方政府的有效管理和资金扶持,有力保障了农村公共设施建设和旅游企业发展,防止“公地悲剧”和“虚假城镇化”现象发生;农村社区以土地、资金和劳动力等要素主动参与旅游经营和社区建设,实现了产业、就业和生活方式的非农化,是农村城镇化的主导力量;以外来资本、旅游移民和旅游者等为主的外来力量为农村城镇化提供了资金、劳动力、文化和信息等支持,其作用随着旅游市场规模的扩大而逐步加大。研究认为,当前旅游驱动型农村城镇化并非传统意义上农民空间、职业和身份都发生转化的城镇化,而是农民通过参与旅游就地转变生产和生活方式的内生型城镇化,未来可通过“村改居”方式逐步向区域城镇化转换。 相似文献
9.
城镇化中后期中国人口迁移流动形式的转变及政策应对 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
人口迁移流动形式是构成人口迁移流动特征的一个关键要素。在中国进入人口城镇化中后期后,准确判断和把握人口迁移流动形式的转变是一项十分重要的工作。论文基于人口迁移流动形式转变的相关理论与国际经验,考察现阶段中国人口迁移流动形式转变的进程和特点及由此产生的问题与挑战。研究发现,中国人口迁移流动形式已发生转变,并突出表现为人口回流现象不断增多、省际和省内人口迁移流动此消彼长的趋势日益明显;城—城流动显著增加,人口的城-城间流动将渐成常态化;流动人口户籍城镇化进程开始加快,其城乡两栖生计的重心向城镇转移;住房驱动下的流动人口就地、异地城镇化渐成趋势等。同时,人口迁移流动形式转变过程中面临着人口回流推动的就近就地城镇化发展可持续性不足;城—城流动向东部少数省市聚集的态势明显;以户籍城镇化主导的农业流动人口市民化面临多重障碍等问题与挑战。最后,从流动人口城镇化的空间载体构建、城市治理方式转变、中西部小城镇自我可持续发展能力提升等方面提出相应的建议。 相似文献
10.
文化转型对地方意义流变的影响——以深圳华侨城空间文化生产为例 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以深圳华侨城为例,以地方命名和广告文本为分析对象,通过改革开放以来地方意义的建构及其流变过程和特征的分析,讨论文化转型对地方意义流变的影响。研究指出,文化转型期产生多股文化时尚。地方政府和开发商借助空间想象化,透过建筑名称、形式、结构、景观、生活方式和社会网络等符号和关系的文化生产,并配合空间物质性建设,赋予地方新的文化意义,构筑符合主流社会阶层和时代菁英的想象的社区。在此过程中,空间的文化生产是在某一时期以某种文化时尚为主流,其他文化共同参与,而地方意义可能呈现多元性。空间文化生产与再生产方式具有多样性,在某一时期某种文化生产方式占主导,其他方式共同发挥作用,导致地方意义形式的多样性。同一时期地方意义所呈现的复合性和多种形式可能满足了不同时代菁英多元的文化认同。 相似文献
11.
Small-scale coastal fisheries are exposed to many stressors, such as poor governance, lack of alternative employment, overfishing and diseases. Stressors, in this context, constitute environmental and socio-economic changes or events at local, national or global levels making the fisheries sector or fishers vulnerable. Climate change is expected to compound the consequences of these stressors on fisheries and livelihoods. Identifying and understanding the effects of important stressors are imperative for building and organising appropriate capacity to adapt and, ultimately, for successful adaptation. However, how climate-related and non-climate stressors jointly affect small-scale fisheries is still to be fully explored. In this paper, we use case studies of three coastal communities in the Western Region of Ghana to gain insights into how multiple stressors combine to affect small-scale fisheries. The findings show that multiple stressors combine in complex ways, affecting fisheries-based livelihoods and the coastal landscape, vegetation and infrastructure. This suggests that any single stressor is just a part of a set of stressors that jointly affect small-scale coastal fisheries. This study proposes that the effects of climate-related stressors are better comprehended when analysed in light of the synergetic effect of multiple stressors. It has the potential to guide policy-makers and managers in designing and implementing improved strategies to enhance adaptive capacity in response to climate change. Moreover, this knowledge can present an opportunity and justification for solving other inherent developmental problems through climate change adaptation policies and actions. 相似文献
12.
Leo de Haan 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2017,117(2):130-141
AbstractThis paper shows that with the decline of overall poverty, the concern for rising or persisting inequalities and the need for a transformative social protection, the capacity of countering social exclusion and promoting social justice also becomes increasingly relevant to urbanizing sub-Saharan Africa. It is argued that several parts of sub-Saharan Africa are likely to move towards pro-poor urbanization and show emerging changes in rural and urban livelihoods. Then, the practice of social protection programmes along the rural–urban continuum in sub-Saharan Africa is examined extensively in order to determine whether these practices align with emerging changes in livelihoods and tackle social exclusion in a transformative way. It is found that the livelihoods of the poor are enhanced and that social inclusion has increased. However, social protection’s adaptation to emerging changes in rural and urban livelihoods is still poor, and so is social protection’s capacity to tackle social exclusion in a transformative way. It is concluded that transformative social protection would require more structural interventions through empowering pressure on the state and innovative decentralization from the top. 相似文献
13.
中国农村居民点用地微观尺度研究进展及展望 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
中国快速工业化和城镇化进程助推农村发展经历了深刻转型,农村居民点用地类型及功能逐渐多样化和非农化,由此对农村居民点内部地类辨析、演变规律及驱动力探讨等提出了迫切需求。本文围绕农村居民点用地类型、结构及功能,农村居民点用地空心化以及用地景观等方面进行了较全面地总结,指出农村居民点用地演变与经济发展及农户生计变化息息相关。都市郊区及经济发达地区农户就地非农就业促使农村居民点用地类型多样化以及功能和景观的非农化,传统农区劳动力大量转移导致农村居民点用地闲置废弃和景观的空心化。当前,无论从技术手段还是研究内容看,农村居民点用地微观尺度研究仍以现象描述和解释为主,未来应逐渐向实践应用拓展和深化,并加强微观研究方法与技术手段的创新。在微观尺度的农村居民点用地转型、演变模式提炼基础上,深入剖析农村居民点用地的演变规律及驱动机理,提出面向国家战略需求的农村居民点空间重构方向,将凸显乡村聚落地理研究的政策出口与实践价值。 相似文献
14.
《Urban geography》2012,33(10):1596-1615
ABSTRACTWork on cyborg urbanization has unveiled the way in which the city is produced through hybridizations of the human and non-human. However, less attention has been given to the ways by which non-human actors entangle each other without human mediation. On the other hand, literature on urban ruination has explored the agency of the non-human in landscape transformation, however few works have established the link between the processes of ruination and urban transformation. In this article, we bridge these two literatures and argue that it is possible to extend the concept of cyborg urbanization to include urban transformation processes that are conducted by non-human actors, namely vegetation.We explore these missing links through an exploration of the Matinha Gasworks site, located in the Eastern Zone of the city of Lisbon, Portugal, and deactivated in 2001. It is a vacant land, with several ruined derelict constructions of a gasworks. We draw upon archival work, remote sensing techniques, and post-phenomenological fieldwork to explore the 80-year long process of construction and ruination of the Matinha Gasworks site. Our findings highlight the accumulation of distinct temporalities, scales, matters, and subjectivities in the production of the urban. 相似文献
15.
Jonathon Collins 《The Australian geographer》2014,45(3):289-307
ABSTRACTBangladesh is at the forefront of countries experiencing and debating climate change, despite having contributed little to global emissions, and has the greatest vulnerability to climate change due to inadequate institutional support for the dense population dispersed in low-lying terrain. A micro-level study of livelihoods in the Panpatti Union, a district of the coastal zone exposed to climate stress and an array of other social, economic and political stresses, demonstrated that adaptation strategies to a range of shocks were both reactive and proactive. The persistent nature of shocks, and the limited margins in which to respond, meant that achieving sustainable long-term livelihoods was unusually difficult. Despite cases of dynamism and flexibility, where livelihoods had been effectively diversified, rural people largely failed to reduce their exposure to vulnerability. That was especially true of extremely poor, landless and female-headed households. In such challenging circumstances external interventions were required to ensure sustainable development, but were unlikely because of the isolation of Panpatti and the number of villages and people in similar circumstances. This emphasised the need to develop a more robust livelihoods framework to support the most vulnerable communities in severe economic and environmental contexts where climate change is likely to exacerbate all existing problems. 相似文献
16.
Kwadwo Owusu Maame Asiwah Nkansah 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2017,117(1):1-10
Construction of dams affects the livelihoods of the population living along the dammed river. There is a need for more studies to guide dam development policies and management to safeguard the livelihoods of local river users. This paper examines the effects of dams on the socio-economic livelihoods of downstream communities by drawing on the Kpong Dam in Ghana constructed from 1979 to 1982 with the goal of supplying energy and for irrigation purposes. Primary data were collected in resettled and non-resettled downstream communities using a mixed-research approach. This case study highlights how the Kpong Dam has affected the downstream river-dependent population whose livelihoods, particularly farming and fishing revolved around the seasonal flow regimes of the Volta River. Our study challenges the general perception that dams increase agricultural production by illustrating that developing ancillary facilities such as irrigation schemes as part of dam projects can enhance all-year-round agricultural production to improve food and income security of downstream households only when constraints such as lack of farm inputs are addressed. To safeguard livelihoods and limit the social impacts of dams, compensation schemes and alternative livelihood activities should be designed to include resettled and non-resettled communities along the downstream areas affected by dam projects. 相似文献
17.
中国城镇化与非农化的空间分异、相互关系和形成机制 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
区域就业非农化和人口城镇化是相互关联且进程相对一致的过程,但由于发展背景和影响机制的不同,二者的关系有可能在空间和时间上呈现一定的差异性。基于第五、第六次人口普查资料,分析了中国人口城镇化与就业非农化水平和进程的空间格局、相互关系及其形成机制。研究发现：城镇化和非农化水平的分布和演变都具有明显的行政指向特征和地带分异特征,差异化的空间集散态势下,在不同地区二者形成了多样化的相互关系,但总体上相互促进、共同发展。在城镇化初期和中期阶段,非农化适当超前或同步于城镇化有利于促进城镇化水平的提高。主导驱动因素不一致是城镇化和非农化空间差异和相互关系形成的基础,要素投入引致的经济增长直接促进就业非农化进程,但人口城镇化则更多受到政府行为的影响;要素投入产出效率和政府政策实施力度的不同也导致这一机制过程呈现出鲜明的区域特征。 相似文献
18.
In this article, we draw attention to trends in land transformation in the West Bank since the Second Intifada, after which a surge of investment from Gulf countries entered Palestine, almost exclusively in the West Bank. The occupied Palestinian territories have attracted a great deal of attention from media and academics, yet the vast majority of scholarship focuses on the conflict and the variety of social, economic, and political repercussions of the on-going Israeli occupation. While the occupation has undeniably serious impacts on every aspect of life for Palestinians, the near-exclusive focus on the conflict means that significant new trends, such as urban mega-developments and emerging market-based urbanisation processes, have been largely overlooked. We outline three directions for future research: the assemblage of “neglected city-builders” shaping current urbanization processes in Palestine; the ideas, policies, and norms circulating in the West Bank; and the social, spatial, economic, and other impacts of these new urban developments. 相似文献
19.
地理学视角下非物质文化遗产的跨地方实践 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
非物质文化遗产不仅是来源于过去的特定区域的传统实践,更是生成于全球化体系中面向未来的现代文化政治和文化经济过程。因此,本文尝试以跨地方性理论为切入点,架构非遗的形成、运作和认同的社会—空间过程,在此基础上使用跨地方聚合的思想重新概念化非遗实践,将其解读为多元主体权力关系中介下,由跨地方异质性要素聚合而成的不稳定的开放系统,以区别于固有对非遗实践“稳定”“以人为中心”和“边界化”的认知。通过分析云南鹤庆银器锻制技艺和摩梭纺织技艺两个案例来呈现非遗实践作为跨地方聚合的过程及特性,以及非遗传承和保护由此所面对的机遇和挑战,呼吁在重视非遗服务于乡村振兴等发展战略的潜力时,要进一步认识非遗实践的跨地方性对本土社区的影响,反思遗产原真性和文化价值与当前非遗实践的关系,强调在非遗全球化生产和消费中保持其与本土认同和本土生计之间的关联。 相似文献
20.
The global fisheries sector has undergone both rapid industrialization and considerable resource depletion. Unlike fisheries in the Northern Hemisphere, the Indonesian (and indeed Southeast Asian) sector is still largely dominated by small-scale producers, who are partially embedded within a subsistence economy. Changes in the nature of production and livelihoods in the fisheries sector appear similar to those in land-based agriculture but have received far less attention in the literature and demand further analysis given the distinct characteristics of the natural resource base. Using national datasets complemented by insights from a two-month period of fieldwork in South Sulawesi, this paper presents the process of capital intensification underpinning national fisheries growth and how it is transforming small-scale production systems. Despite increasing market integration, we found that smallholders have persisted across coastal production systems to an even stronger degree than land-based agriculture. We suggest some reasons why this is so. However, we also observed evidence of internal class differentiation within coastal communities. Such differentiation, combined with resource degradation and depletion, exposes the poorest in the community to enhanced livelihood vulnerability. 相似文献