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1.
How watershed collaborations adapt to changing conditions is an enduring question in collaborative resource management. Our research examined the goals and structure of collaborations within watersheds subject to the same federal and state regulations, but at different restoration states. We employed semistructured interviews, document analysis, and participant observation to complete our qualitative research. Our results suggest that policy stakeholders’ understandings of ecological and social attributes influence watershed goals. Within the impaired system, collaborations invested in shifting public perception to engender support for longer term biophysical restoration. Within the restored watershed, collaborations achieved dramatic biophysical improvements but were challenged in addressing social benefits of restoration. Redefining restoration to incorporate social and ecological systems at the outset provides the opportunity to set benchmarks for measuring success that incorporate social and ecological factors, and to create institutions adept at responding to shifting restoration states. 相似文献
2.
基于KJ法的艾比湖流域生态环境综合治理研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
将系统分析中的KJ法应用于新疆艾比湖流域生态环境的综合治理对策研究中。首先制作了59张包含与艾比湖生态环境治理相关的信息卡片,之后根据信息的亲近性将其分为5个大组,每个组内再进行细分,最后得到艾比湖流域生态环境问题综合治理的结构模型图,从管理体制建设和工程措施两方面归纳提炼出了具体治理对策。应用结果表明,KJ法能够充分体现群体的创造性思维并将之有序化,能很好地应用于包括生态系统在内的各种自然、社会、经济以及复合系统的综合集成研究中。 相似文献
3.
Collaboration Across Borders: Moving Beyond Positionality 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Discussions about collaborative spaces in postcolonial feminist and geographical analyses have often hinged on questions of positionality, reflexivity and identity, largely in relation to the politics of representation. Such approaches have often led to an impasse, especially in fieldwork-based feminist research, where reflexivity has mainly focused on examining the identities of the individual researcher rather than on the ways in which those identities intersect with institutional, geopolitical and material aspects of their positionality. This kind of identity-based reflexivity does not distinguish systematically between the ethical, ontological and epistemological aspects of fieldwork dilemmas; it also fails to adequately address how our ability to align our theoretical priorities with the concerns of communities whose struggles we want to advance is connected to the opportunities, constraints and values embedded in our academic institutions. This article takes this discussion forward by arguing for a postcolonial and transnational feminist praxis that focuses explicitly and deliberately on (a) conceptualising and implementing collaborative efforts that insist on crossing multiple and difficult borders; (b) the sites, strategies and skills deployed to produce such collaborations; and (c) the specific processes through which such collaborations can find their form, content and meaning. To ground this discussion, I draw upon two collaborative initiatives that I have begun recently in the state of Uttar Pradesh, north India. 相似文献
4.
基于成本—收益的长三角地方政府的区域合作行为机制案例分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在全球化和区域一体化背景下,区域合作已成为各地区应对全球化、增强竞争力的重要手段,政府又在促进区域合作中扮演着至关重要的角色。本文以博弈论和政府行为理论为基础,结合利益相关者和成本收益分析法,提出共享型、损益型、比较利益型三种地方政府合作模式及其成本—收益分析框架,并据此考察中国区域合作典范长三角地区的旅游、交通、环境三个关键领域的合作博弈案例,深入阐释基于成本—收益的政府不同合作模式的合作动力、行为及其策略等,使之丰富区域一体化和城市政府合作等研究,也为进一步推动长三角一体化提供科学参考。 相似文献
5.
Water infrastructure in the United States is aging and vulnerable to extreme weather. In August 2011, Tropical Storm Irene hit the eastern part of New York and surrounding states, causing great damage to public drinking water systems. Several water supply districts issued boil water advisories (BWAs) to their customers as a result of the storm. This study seeks to identify the major factors that lead water supply systems to issue BWAs by assessing watershed characteristics, water supply system characteristics and treatment plant parameters of water districts in the Mohawk-Hudson River watershed in New York. Logistic regression model suggests that the probability of a BWA being issued by a water supply district is enhanced by higher precipitation during the storm, high density of septic systems, lack of recent maintenance and low population density. Interviews with water treatment plant operators suggested physical damage to water distribution systems were the main causes of boil water advisories during storms. BWAs result in additional costs to residents and communities, and the public compliance of the advisory instructions is low, so efforts must be made to minimize their occurrence. Prior investments in infrastructure management can proactively address municipal water supply and quality issues. 相似文献
6.
长江经济带区域合作的格局与演变 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
梳理区域合作的政治经济环境演变,试图对长江经济带区域合作的主体、主题、形式和发展水平等进行综合分析。流域管治事务复杂,部门管理与行政区管理交叉,造就了区域合作模式多样与发展水平差异。经济带在长江防洪、大通关和检疫等方面的合作发展迅速,而在水资源环境、港口岸线、基础设施和生态补偿等方面的信息共享和合作平台建设仍发展缓慢。长三角已经建立了覆盖全、层次多、主题丰富的区域合作机制;由于国家长期对成渝经济区的推崇,两地在区域性项目建设上合作密切;中游四省合作发展水平相对最低,缺乏强有力的中心城市引领,地区竞争大于合作激励。 相似文献
7.
Global climate change is causing the majority of large lakes on the Tibetan Plateau to expand. While these rising lake levels and their causes have been investigated by hydrologists and glaciologists, their impacts on local pastoral communities have mostly been ignored. Our interviews with pastoralists in central Tibet reveal their observations and beliefs about Lake Serling’s expansion, as well as how its effects are interacting with current rangeland management policies. Interviewees reported that the most negative effects on their livelihoods have been reduced livestock populations and productivity due to the inundation of high-quality pastures by saline lake water. However, pastoralists’ collective efforts based on traditional values and norms of sharing, assistance, and reciprocity have helped them cope with these climate change impacts. These local, traditional coping strategies are particularly worthy of attention now, given that the transformation of traditional pastoralism is a goal of current government development initiatives. 相似文献
8.
文章探讨了如何有效利用自发地理信息（Volunteered Geographic Information, VGI）大数据促进灾后恢复监测工作。首先概述了国内外VGI相关研究的发展现状,明确了VGI用于灾后恢复监测研究的不足,然后提出了一个基于VGI大数据的灾后恢复监测应用的研究框架,助力于灾后恢复监测各类具体恢复目标（如旅游业恢复、工商业恢复、生活常态恢复）的实现。该研究框架包含数据获取、数据质量控制和数据挖掘3个核心组成部分。其中,数据获取对象以VGI为主,以传统官方权威数据为辅;数据质量控制主要是通过模糊逻辑专家系统和人工神经网络（深度学习）确保VGI适用性;数据挖掘则是以变革式范例为理论基础,利用定量和定性结合的方法调查灾区基建、经济和安全3个灾后恢复主要方面的状态。最后,文章还讨论了当前利用VGI大数据促进灾后恢复监测所存在的一些局限性,包括VGI来源的可持续性问题、各VGI平台应用程序接口的数据获取限制问题和VGI应用所涉及的用户隐私问题。 相似文献
9.
Patrick T. Hurley Angela C. Halfacre Norm S. Levine Marianne K. Burke 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):556-578
Despite growing interest in urbanization and its social and ecological impacts on formerly rural areas, empirical research remains limited. Extant studies largely focus either on issues of social exclusion and enclosure or ecological change. This article uses the case of sweetgrass basketmaking in Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina, to explore the implications of urbanization, including gentrification, for the distribution and accessibility of sweetgrass, an economically important nontimber forest product (NTFP) for historically African American communities, in this rapidly growing area. We explore the usefulness of grounded visualization for research efforts that are examining the existence of “fringe ecologies” associated with NTFP. Our findings highlight the importance of integrated qualitative and quantitative analyses for revealing the complex social and ecological changes that accompany both urbanization and rural gentrification. 相似文献
10.
Hannah L. Owens 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(12):1339-1345
Increases in sea surface temperature have led to distributional changes in many commercially exploited fish species. These changes have already led to conflict over mackerel fisheries, arising from demand for fair resource apportionment and desire to manage the fishery sustainably. In order to develop adaptable management strategies for complex ocean fishery systems, policymakers and researchers must move beyond a reactive producer–consumer relationship to develop proactive, supportive collaborations. The history of U.S. national fisheries management is presented as an example of this transition. Building cooperative capacity over the last two centuries has lead to a more systematic understanding of the oceans, and has led to success in reducing the number of overfished stocks. Similar development of cooperation between policymakers and researchers on an international scale may be the surest way to develop management strategies adaptable enough to withstand challenges posed by future climate change. 相似文献
11.
For over 30 years, IHP (International Hydrological Programme) has been actively operating as a UNESCO’s (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) international scientific cooperative programme in water research, water resources management, education and capacity-building, and the only broadly-based science programme of the UN (United Nations) system in this region. By a number of initiatives and networks, the IHP has progressively carried out activities on the quantity and quality of global/regional water resources, transboundary water resources management, mitigation of water related hazards, and water education. While addressing comprehensive areas over water challenges, greater emphasis has been placed on the role of water resources management for sustainable development and with respect to the expected changes in climate and environmental conditions. WWAP (World Water Assessment Programme) and its major product WWDR (World Water Development Report) in East Asia are under the framework of IHP which supports field oriented activities on monitoring freshwater, developing case studies, enhancing national assessment capacity, and facilitating decision making processes. In light of transboundary waters in IHP, RSC (Regional Steering Committee) plays a focal role for facilitating regional cooperation in the Southeast and East Asia and Pacific States. Furthermore, ISI (International Sediment Initiative) and IFI (International Flood Initiative) have significant roles, respectively, for the management of erosion and sedimentation in line with river system or reservoir management, and for the flood management focusing on capacity building of each country in East Asia. There are other major areas of concern under UNESCO’s IHP programme in East Asia, specifically in aspects including, mitigating water conflicts on transboundary aquifers through ISARM (International Shared Aquifer Resources Management), water management of arid areas through Water and Development Information for Arid Lands- A Global Network (Asian G-WADI), and sustainable management of groundwater by UNESCO Water Chair, as well as water education through the programme of Sustainable Water Integrated Management- Educational Component. 相似文献
12.
柴达木盆地是我国盐湖资源集中分布区,受21世纪暖湿化气候和水量增补的影响,盆地多个盐湖呈现湖面扩张趋势,该过程开始影响盐湖资源离子含量和湖泊生态环境,也对湖区沿线公共基础设施造成一定影响。为了研究湖泊水量增补对盐湖资源及生态环境的影响,选取了柴北缘山前5个湖泊(苏干湖、德宗马海湖、巴仑马海湖、小柴旦湖和托素湖)作为研究对象,开展了2017~2021年湖泊扩张、典型盐湖矿化度和资源元素变化趋势以及对周边基础设施影响的研究。结果表明:1)资源型湖泊湖水淡化和资源品位下降;2)生态型湖泊周边植物群落发生变化(水生植物芦苇扩张、旱生植物白刺和梭梭衰退);3)淹没湖区房屋和旅游道路,危及周边的高速公路等公共基础设施。该研究结果不仅具有为柴达木盆地乃至青藏高原盐湖资源开采和生态环境治理提供科学依据的理论意义,而且具有为青海省基础设施保护和建设提供决策依据的现实意义。 相似文献
13.
基于GWR模型的中国水资源绿色效率驱动机理 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
遵循“以人文本”的绿色发展理念,综合考虑水资源利用的经济、社会及环境效益,运用地理加权回归模型,综合选取自然、社会经济、环境、科技四大因素共19个指标,测度2000—2016年中国水资源绿色效率,并对其驱动机理进行探究。结果表明：中国水资源绿色效率存在着显著的空间正相关性和空间分布不均衡性;各因素对水资源绿色效率的影响存在着空间差异,且随着时间而变化;总体来看,产业结构、工农业发展水平、交通基础设施建设、环保投入和科技转化率等因素对中国水资源绿色效率的提高具有显著影响,人均水资源量、人口规模和污染物排放等因素的增加则限制了水资源绿色效率的提高;就其空间差异而言,水资源禀赋、人口规模等因素对西部地区水资源绿色效率的促进作用大于东部,而产业结构、用水结构、交通基础设施建设等因素对水资源绿色效率的影响程度东部大于西部。研究结果对于解决中国水资源短缺问题,因地制宜地制定适合各地区发展的水资源政策,具有重要的实际意义。 相似文献
14.
Ecology and functional roles of biological soil crusts in semi-arid ecosystems of Spain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
F.T. Maestre M.A. Bowker Y. Cantón A.P. Castillo-Monroy J. Cortina C. Escolar A. Escudero R. Lázaro I. Martínez 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(12):1282-1291
Biological soil crusts (BSCs), composed of lichens, cyanobacteria, mosses, liverworts and microorganisms, are key biotic components of arid and semi-arid ecosystems worldwide. Despite they are widespread in Spain, these organisms have been historically understudied in this country. This trend is beginning to change as a recent wave of research has been identifying BSCs as a model ecological system. Many studies and research projects carried out in Spain have explored the role of BSCs on water, carbon and nitrogen fluxes, the interactions between BSCs and vascular plants, their dynamics after disturbances, and their response to global change, among other topics. In this article we review the growing body of research on BSCs available from semi-arid areas of Spain, highlighting its importance for increasing our knowledge on this group of organisms. We also discuss how it is breaking new ground in emerging research areas on the ecology of BSCs, and how it can be use to guide management and restoration efforts. Finally, we provide directions for future research on the ecology of BSCs in Spain and abroad. 相似文献
15.
This paper draws upon research in Victoria's Goulburn Broken Catchment exploring landholder responses to dryland salinity. It has been assumed that part of the explanation for limited adoption of recommended practices was that landholders were unaware of the extent of dryland salinity. Socio-economic data from a mail survey was combined in a Geographic Information System (GIS) with other layers, including the location of discharge sites and depth to saline ground water. Comparisons of expert maps and landholder identified salinity sites suggested that landholders in the upper catchment had excellent knowledge of the current extent of salinity on their property. At the same time, the expert maps failed to predict half of the saline-affected sites identified by landholders. It seems that the extensive community education effort undertaken in this region had been successful in raising salinity awareness. Our research also highlighted that most landholders were not concerned about the impacts of dryland salinity and appear to believe they can 'live with salt'. This is an important issue because the small, diffused amounts of salt exported from these properties in the upper catchment are/will have a substantial impact downstream. The research methodology and findings have important policy and management implications, and these are discussed. 相似文献
16.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(5):487-494
Abstract Although geography is being revived in the K-12 curriculum, preservice teachers—candidates for the teaching profession—now in our universities are not universally reaping the benefits of cooperative efforts of geography and college of education faculty. Reform is appropriate in both camps. Colleges of education, influenced by many agents, including Certificate/licensing regulations, accrediting agencies, professional organizations, and a stream of reform movements, are bringing education to the level of a true profession. The dimensions of the reform underway and several key players offer great opportunities for geography education and for improving the general climate for teaching excellence in institutions of higher learning. Candidates for the new teaching profession and their education faculty are teaching and learning collaboratively, and conducting research in diverse school districts. Geographers have new reasons and new opportunities to participate in the education of the geography teachers of tomorrow. 相似文献
17.
Understanding what drives farmers’ voluntary adoption of nutrient and soil best management practices has important consequences for many environmental outcomes including water quality. We build on research revealing the need for simultaneous use of multiple nitrogen best management practices to achieve water quality improvement goals. Using social, economic and attitudinal variables we predict the use of multiple nitrogen best management practices at three time points: current use (2013), past use (before 2013), and likelihood of use on their largest field in the next three years. Our empirical analysis uses structural equation modeling with latent variables and 2014 farmer survey data from three Midwestern US states. Most farmers in our sample used at least one of the six best management practices. Our results reveal that farmers’ attitudes, use of information sources, and conservation program participation affect the number of nitrogen best management practices concurrently in use at multiple time points. 相似文献
18.
For over 30 years, IHP (International Hydrological Programme) has been actively operating as a UNESCO’s (United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization) international scientific cooperative programme in water research, water resources management,
education and capacity-building, and the only broadly-based science programme of the UN (United Nations) system in this region.
By a number of initiatives and networks, the IHP has progressively carried out activities on the quantity and quality of global/regional
water resources, transboundary water resources management, mitigation of water related hazards, and water education. While
addressing comprehensive areas over water challenges, greater emphasis has been placed on the role of water resources management
for sustainable development and with respect to the expected changes in climate and environmental conditions. WWAP (World
Water Assessment Programme) and its major product WWDR (World Water Development Report) in East Asia are under the framework
of IHP which supports field oriented activities on monitoring freshwater, developing case studies, enhancing national assessment
capacity, and facilitating decision making processes. In light of transboundary waters in IHP, RSC (Regional Steering Committee)
plays a focal role for facilitating regional cooperation in the Southeast and East Asia and Pacific States. Furthermore, ISI
(International Sediment Initiative) and IFI (International Flood Initiative) have significant roles, respectively, for the
management of erosion and sedimentation in line with river system or reservoir management, and for the flood management focusing
on capacity building of each country in East Asia. There are other major areas of concern under UNESCO’s IHP programme in
East Asia, specifically in aspects including, mitigating water conflicts on transboundary aquifers through ISARM (International
Shared Aquifer Resources Management), water management of arid areas through Water and Development Information for Arid Lands-
A Global Network (Asian G-WADI), and sustainable management of groundwater by UNESCO Water Chair, as well as water education
through the programme of Sustainable Water Integrated Management-Educational Component.
Author: Ramasamy Jayakumar, native of India, Ph.D, specialized in application of remote sensing, GIS, geo-statistical methods in
hydrogeological modelling and irrigation water management. 相似文献
19.
Despite a long-term focus on learning in natural resource management (NRM), it is still debated how learning supports sustainable real-world NRM practices. We offer a qualitative in-depth synthesis of selected scientific empirical literature (N?=?53), which explores factors affecting action-oriented learning. We inductively identify eight key process-based and contextual factors discussed in this literature. Three patterns emerge from our results. First, the literature discusses both facilitated participation and self-organized collaboration as dialogical spaces, which bridge interests and support constructive conflict management. Second, the literature suggests practice-based dialogs as those best able to facilitate action and puts a strong emphasis on experimentation. Finally, not emphasized in existing reviews and syntheses, we found multiple evidence about certain contextual factors affecting learning, including social-ecological crises, complexity, and power structures. Our review also points at important knowledge gaps, which can be used to advance the current research agenda about learning and NRM. 相似文献
20.
Land,Labor, and Rural Development: Analyzing Participation in India's Village Dairy Cooperatives 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Livestock-based livelihoods are currently being promoted by international development agencies as part of global efforts to combat poverty. India's dairy development program, organized around village cooperatives, has become an important model for such efforts. This article aims to identify household characteristics that influence membership in India's rural dairy cooperatives by comparing two villages representing different degrees of success. Utilizing logistic regression methods, data collected through a comprehensive survey of all households in the two villages are analyzed to examine (1) how variables describing animal ownership, agricultural attributes, and household labor availability contribute to explaining membership in the dairy cooperative; and (2) whether factors influencing membership differ across the two villages. Our results indicate that although agricultural property ownership influences cooperative membership in both villages, the kind of dairy animal used and labor utilized for dairying work also have a significant and context-specific effect on household participation. 相似文献