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生态系统服务权衡/协同研究进展与趋势展望 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
生态系统服务之间存在的此消彼长的权衡或彼此增益的协同关系,是生态系统服务管理研究的重要内容。科学理解生态系统服务权衡/协同的作用特征、表现形式、驱动机制和尺度效应,对于提升人类福祉和实现人类社会和生态系统的"双赢"有重要意义,也是当前生态经济学、环境经济学、地理学等众多学科的研究热点和前沿。在综合分析国内外相关文献的基础上,总结了生态系统服务权衡/协同研究的理论基础,评述了生态系统服务权衡/协同表现形式、驱动机制和尺度效应的国内外研究进展和不足,并进一步探讨和展望了未来生态系统服务权衡/协同研究的重要内容,包括生态系统服务分类和评估优化,服务之间相互作用的量化模型、与自然—人文复合系统之间的反馈机制和尺度效应。 相似文献
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中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全 总被引：39，自引：0，他引：39
生态系统服务是国际生态学研究的前沿和热点,表现出向生态系统服务机理和区域集成方法两大方向发展的趋势.开展陆地生态系统服务研究,是生态系统恢复、生态功能区划和建立生态补偿机制、保障国家生态安全的重大战略需求.面向国家重大需求和生态系统服务研究的国际前沿,以主要陆地生态系统为对象,"中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全"项目拟解决3个科学问题:①生态系统结构-过程-服务功能的相互作用机理;②生态系统服务功能的尺度特征与多尺度关联;③生态系统服务功能评估的指标与模型.通过上述研究,发展生态系统服务研究的理论与方法,为国家的生态建设和环境保护提供科学支撑. 相似文献
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水文土壤学面临的机遇与挑战 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
水文土壤学是以土壤发生学、土壤物理学和水文学为主的新兴交叉学科,综合研究不同时空尺度土壤与水的相互作用关系,在地球表层系统科学综合集成研究中具有特殊地位和重要作用。阐述了水文土壤学形成背景与内涵、学科与理论基础及研究进展,并展望未来面临的机遇与挑战。水文土壤学重点解决以下2个科学问题:①土壤结构及土壤—景观分布格局在不同时空尺度上如何主导和影响水文过程以及与其相关的生物地球化学循环和生态系统演变;②景观系统水文过程如何影响土壤发育、演变、异质性及其功能。水文土壤学面临研究方法和理论创新、多尺度综合观测网络体系构建及人才培养等方面的挑战。 相似文献
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冰冻圈变化的适应框架与战略体系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
冰冻圈变化的适应研究是冰冻圈科学领域的新兴研究方向, 是当今全球变化研究中自然科学与社会科学交叉融合研究的典型代表。文章阐述了冰冻圈变化适应研究的内容框架, 分析了目前国际冰冻圈变化适应研究的现状、 动态与发展趋势。在此基础上, 从理论探索与实践研究两方面, 详细介绍了中国冰冻圈变化的适应研究。在理论与方法研究方面, 中国冰冻圈变化适应研究2007年起步至今, 已建立了由冰冻圈变化影响（冰冻圈服务和冰冻圈灾害）-风险-恢复力-适应构成的中国冰冻圈变化适应研究理论与方法体系; 在实践研究方面, 从致利与致害两条线, 开展了冰冻圈服务与冰冻圈灾害风险研究; 从冰冻圈与人类圈交互视角, 开展了冰冻圈变化的脆弱性、 恢复力与适应典型案例研究。未来, 一方面需进一步完善和深化现有理论体系, 尤其是冰冻圈与人类圈相耦合的灾害风险、 脆弱性与适应定量评估方法; 另一方面, 既要针对不同冰冻圈问题, 加强案例研究, 又要拓展尺度, 深入宏观研究, 为国家和地方政府决策提供科学依据与对策建议。 相似文献
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社会生态系统研究态势:文献计量分析视角 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
社会生态系统是当前可持续性和全球变化研究的热点与核心议题。通过SCI-E和CNKI数据库,运用文献计量法对1980—2017年社会生态系统研究进展及热点进行分析。结果表明:(1)社会生态系统研究发展态势良好;发达国家的贡献较大,瑞典和美国占据领先地位,斯德哥尔摩大学是发文量最多的机构;国家(地区)与机构间的合作正在不断加强。(2)中国是最早开展社会生态系统研究的国家之一,但发展速度较慢,国际合作相对较弱,文献被引频次相对较低,国际影响力有待进一步提升。(3)重点研究主要表现在社会生态系统整体性与社会发展需求之间的协同性、社会生态系统复杂性与不确定性、社会系统与内外部环境的交互作用及演化机制等方面;此外,受人类活动和全球气候变化的胁迫,社会生态系统的响应与反馈机制及政策与决策研究尤为突出。 相似文献
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赵文鹏吕荣芳庞吉丽张建明王乃昂 《冰川冻土》2023,(4):1367-1378
祁连山是我国西北重要的生态屏障,明确其生态系统服务时空分异及演变机制对区域生态保护修复和可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs)与CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)模型对2000—2020年间祁连山地区产水量、碳储存、土壤保持、水质净化、碳固定和生境质量六项生态系统服务进行计算,分析其在不同尺度上的时空变化及分布特征,识别其生态系统服务热点区域。研究发现:2000年以来,祁连山地区六项生态系统服务在区域整体以及不同土地覆盖类型供给量均呈增加趋势,山区是增量的高值区,热点分析中的Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类热点区面积呈增加趋势;在空间上,祁连山地区六项生态系统服务表现为“东高西低”的分异特征,林地与草地单位面积供给量值较高,不同地形梯度生态系统服务供给能力差异较大,多在海拔3100 m以上达到峰值,热点分析中的Ⅴ类热点区主要分布在东部山区。研究成果识别了祁连山地区六项生态系统服务时空分异特征以及探讨了影响其时空变化的自然和人类活动因素,可为祁连山地区制订针对性的生态保护战略以及高质量可持续发展的政策提供依据和建议。 相似文献
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生态系统评估的概念、内涵及挑战——介绍《生态系统与人类福利：评估框架》 总被引：30，自引：2，他引：30
综合已有的生态学数据和知识,对生态系统进行科学的评估,以确保对生态系统的保护和合理利用,是人类福利及其可持续发展的重要保障。结合国际上“千年生态系统评估”计划的最新成果,对生态系统评估的概念和内涵进行了详细的阐述。生态系统及其服务功能与人类福利之间的联系是生态系统评估的核心,因此,生态系统评估的概念框架主要包括：生态系统及其服务功能、人类福利与消除贫困、生态系统及其服务功能变化的驱动力、生态系统不同尺度间的相互作用和评估,以及生态系统的价值与评价等基本概念。对以上基本概念和内涵及它们之间的相互关系的准确理解和把握是开展生态系统评估的前提条件。当前,在生态系统及其服务功能评估的综合性、驱动力分析和评估尺度的选定等方面尚面临挑战,仍需进行深入探讨。 相似文献
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全球/区域生态系统碳循环研究具有多台站联网观测、多源异构数据、多模型综合分析、跨领域科学家协同工作等特点。以中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究网络(ChinaFLUX)为基础平台,论述建立碳循环科研信息化环境(e-Carbon Science)的迫切性,系统阐述e-Carbon Science的目标、组成、关键技术及研究进展,构建了由"四环境(碳循环数据集成与服务环境、模型模拟环境、可视化分析环境、科研协同工作环境)、三系统(站点、区域、全国尺度陆地生态系统碳收支评估应用系统)"组成的ChinaFLUX e-Carbon Science,形成ChinaFLUX通量数据采集—传输—存储—管理—处理—可视化—共享服务的一体化系统,实现不同尺度的碳收支快速评估与模拟,支撑并促进我国陆地生态系统碳循环研究和生态信息学发展,对我国野外台站网络信息化起到引领和示范作用。 相似文献
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The notion of Resilience of Social-Ecological Systems (ReSES) in balancing and sustaining development are increasingly breeding more multidisciplinary attentions from world scientists and government managers. However, with the tremendous growing in theoretical system, certain problems hinder the integration of theory and practice, such as the low degree of research recognition, lacking of unified paradigm, unevenly development of research topics, etc. Thus, it is an urgent need to sort out the construction, source and development in theory, and its gaps with practices. To identify the hotspot in current research, including the fundamental theories and methods, current focus and future trends, a bibliometric analysis integrating Citespace and TDA tools were made. Using searching queries on “system resilience”, 10 315 articles in Web of Science database were retrieved. Then, a series of contents were examined on these publications, including:
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Thirty years(1984–2014) of groundwater science teaching and research in China: A dissertation-based bibliometric survey 
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下载免费PDF全文 ZHAI Yuan-zheng JIANG Shi-jie TENG Yan-guo WANG Jin-sheng GU Hong-biao XIE Liang YIN Zhi-hua 《地下水科学与工程》2015,3(3):222-237
In order to track the footprint of groundwater science teaching and research in China during the past years, a bibliometric analysis was conducted based on the database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), which covered the time span from 1984 to present and included more than 2.6 million master and doctoral dissertations from hundreds of institutions of Mainland China. The bibliometric analysis summarized output, geographical, and institutional patterns, as well as research directions and hotspots in groundwater studies in China in the period of 1984-2014. A total of 1 396 groundwater-related dissertations including 1 161 master dissertations and 235 doctoral dissertations, contributed by 128 institutions distributed in 53 cities nationwide, were searched out in the database. It can be seen obviously that, the groundwater science teaching and research in China has experienced a notable growth in the past three decades especially during 2000-2014. Groundwater modeling, resource, and exploitation were the top three major subject categories; China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Jilin University and Chang’an University were the top three productive institutions together accounting for more than one third of the total dissertations and 50% of the doctoral dissertations, which further prompted the cities (Beijing, Changchun, and Xi’an) to become the top three productive cities. The dissertations generally covered all the international research topics, which indicated that hydrogeologists in China have tracked the international frontier closely during the past decades. The keywords analysis revealed that, (1) numerical modeling was still the hottest topic and PHREEQC, MODFLOW, GMS, and FEFLOW were the four most used softwares; (2) the topics related with groundwater pollution and quality developed steadily and rapidly; (3) environmental isotopes and GIS were frequently used tools for hydrogeological condition analysis, and spatial data processing respectively; and (4) the unsaturated zone as an integral part of aquifers attracted more and more attentions from hydrogeologists focus on saturated zone. 相似文献
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Size does matter: City scale and the asymmetries of climate change adaptation in three coastal towns
《Geoforum》2017
Globally, it is smaller urban settlements that are growing most rapidly, are most constrained in terms of adaptive capacity but increasingly looked to for delivering local urban resilience. Data from three smaller coastal cities and their wider regional governance systems in Florida, US; West Sussex, UK and São Paulo, Brazil are used to compare the influence of scale and sector on city adaptive capacity. These tensions are described through the lens of the Adaptive Capacity Index (ACI) approach. The ACI is built from structuration theory and presents an alternative to social-ecological systems framing of analysis on adaptation. Structuration articulates the interaction of agency and structure and the intervening role played by institutions on information flow, in shaping adaptive capacity and outcomes. The ACI approach reveals inequalities in adaptive capacity to be greater across scale than across government, private and civil society sector capacity in each study area. This has implications for adaptation research both by reinforcing the importance of scale and demonstrating the utility of structuration theory as a framework for understanding the social dynamics underpinning adaptive capacity; and policy relevance, in particular considering the redistribution of decision-making power across scale and/or compensatory mechanisms, especially for lower scale actors, who increasingly carry the costs for enacting resilience planning in cities. 相似文献
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煤与瓦斯突出灾害的有效防治一直是我国煤矿安全生产面临的挑战性难题,其前提和基础是对煤与瓦斯突出机理的深入研究。全面阐述我国近70年来在煤与瓦斯突出机理研究领域所开展的工作和取得的成绩,其研究过程分别经历了积极探索阶段(1955—1977年)、理论奠定阶段(1978—2002年)、快速发展阶段(2003—2015年)和稳定发展阶段(2016年至今);基于文献计量学方法和科学知识图谱分析,探讨了突出机理的研究热点和前沿趋势。分别从理论假说、物理模拟、数值模拟3个方面系统总结了我国煤与瓦斯突出机理研究进展：理论假说方面,在综合作用假说的基础上,针对我国煤矿实际情况形成了以流变假说、球壳失稳理论、力学作用假说等为代表的新观点和新理论,奠定了突出理论研究基础;物理模拟方面,围绕突出主控因素、多物理场演化、能量转化与失稳条件、地质构造与构造煤、两相流致灾机制等方面进行了大量的试验研究,基本掌握了突出的发动条件、发展过程、演化规律及影响因素;数值模拟方面,主要开展了突出煤层、地质构造和突出两相流等方面的模拟研究,然而由于突出过程和影响因素的复杂性,仍无法实现突出全过程的模拟分析。目前,已初步形成了具... 相似文献
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Daniel F. Lorenz 《Natural Hazards》2013,67(1):7-24
The paper presents contributions to the widespread resilience paradigm from a social science perspective. Certain aspects of social systems, especially their symbolic dimension of meaning, need to be taken into account in the endeavor to research coupled social–ecological systems. Due to the symbolic dimension, disasters are defined as the failure of future expectations, and social resilience is defined as the social system property of avoiding or withstanding disasters. In relation to this, three capacities of social systems (adaptive, coping, and participative) that constitute resilience are presented. The adaptive capacity is the property of a system in which structures are modified to prevent future disasters, whereas the coping capacity is the system’s property of coping with calamitous processes that occurred in the past. The participative capacity is a measure of the system’s ability to change its own structures with regard to interventions by other systems, decreasing the system’s resilience. The concept of resilience provides important epistemological and political insights and can help overcome an orientation tied together with the concept of vulnerability that blocks social capacities for the mitigation of disasters. 相似文献
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With the increasing occurrence of disasters, how to respond to disasters has attracted a lot of interest. However, a systematic study of emergency response in disasters (ER) has been ignored. Based on the bibliometric analysis and visualization of 3678 journal articles (1970–2019) related to ER from the Web of Science, the current research situation in the field of ER has been studied. The important research questions and trends in the field of ER have been identified. In this study, the VOSviewer software is used to visually analyze publications about ER. Specifically, the most influential journals and authors, highly cited publications, authoritative research institutions, and co-citation are identified in this study. Moreover, the Ucinet software is applied to analyze the social network of 45 high-frequency keywords and the Citespace software is used to study the keyword citation bursts. The results show that the keywords “optimization” and “demand” are the most popular research interests. Besides, four main research topics on ER are summarized, which are emergency supplies and facility-related research, emergency preparedness and security-related research, emergency decision system-related research, and emergency medical rescue and cure-related research. Finally, this study puts forward the research work that should be paid attention to in the future according to different research topics, which can help researchers to understand the ER research progress systematically and focus on emerging research questions.
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Zhang Jinliang Zhang Penghui Xie Jun Dong Zirui Zhang Ming Ding Fang Yuan Yong Li Jingzhe 《地球科学进展》2013,28(9):957-967
Along with the widely used experimental testing technology within 40 years,a number of significant knowledge and results have been achieved in diagenesis of clastic reservoirs an important branch of sedimentology and basin research,which has promoted the exploration and development of hydrocarbon bearing basins. This article encompasses the knowledge system to start an overview of the concept and research history of diagenesis, and to collate some representative classification viewpoints of clastic diagenetic stage. Several advances in recent theoretical and applied aspects of diagenesis, which have enriched the systems and technology series, have been introduced and summarized, including: ① improvement of alkaline diagenesis theory; ② increasingly widespread application in numerical simulation of clastic diagenesis; ③ rapid development of diagenesis within the framework of sequence stratigraphy or depositional facies; ④ preliminary investigation of structural diagenesis; ⑤ in-depth quantitative evaluation of diagenetic facies. Additionally, the research trends of the discipline system of diagenesis should be closely combined and discussed with diagenesis of tight sandstone reservoirs, diagenesis and its temporal properties of hierarchical systems, quantitative research of diagenesis, and integration of diagenesis and other fields. Frontier research and development directions have been prospected in order to bring forward further development of diagenesis, which is benefit for the forecasting and evaluation of the spatial and temporal distribution of hydrocarbon bearing clastic reservoirs. 相似文献
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Resilience to natural hazards: a geographic perspective 总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1
Resilience is increasingly used as an approach for understanding the dynamics of natural disaster systems. This article presents the origin of resilience and provides an overview of its development to date, which draws on the wide literature on ecological science, social science, social–environmental system and natural hazards. From a geographic perspective, the model of disaster resilience of “Loss–Response” of Location (DRLRL) was created and disaster resilience was defined from three dimensional mode, which focused on the spatial, temporal scale of resilience and attributes of hazard-affected bodies. A geographic approach was put forward to measure the disaster resilience, including two properties of inherent resilience and adaptive resilience and a case study was implemented in order to validate this approach. This perspective would offer greater potential in application of resilience concept, especially in the process of integrated risk management and disaster recovery. 相似文献
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Rethinking the relationships of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation from a disaster risk perspective 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation are three fundamentally inter-related concepts among such research communities as global environmental/climatic change, social–ecological and disaster risk science. However, their mutual relationships are still unclear so far particularly in the field of disaster risk reduction, which to some extent blocks the reasonable risk analysis and scientific decision making. This paper performed a brief overview on the basic definitions and evolution processes of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation, and tentatively categorized past diverse thoughts of their relationships into three modalities, such as, vulnerability preference, resilience preference, and overlapped relationships. From a “hit-damage-recovery-learning cycle” insight and based on an empirical case study, we put forward two conceptual frameworks to address the relationships of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation within the disaster risk domain, and we further discussed their broader implications in terms of disaster risk management and social–ecological sustainability. In an attempt to bring together the analytical frameworks of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation, this study indicates that a sustainable adaptation strategy to the unavoidable disasters or changes should not only seek to reduce the vulnerability of a social–ecological system, but also to foster its resilience and adaptive capacity to future uncertainties and potential risks. 相似文献
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土体的结构性研究是土力学研究中的前沿课题之一.工程土体在宏观上所表现出来的非连续、不均匀、各向异性和非确定性等复杂性特征, 从根本上取决于土体微观结构的非连续性和非确定性.可以说土体的复杂性是其介质结构与组分非线性的直接体现.因而, 对土体结构及其模型的研究, 成为土力学的核心问题之一.科学建立土体演化的结构控制模型, 进而建立基于土体微观结构演化机制的土力学模型和本构关系是土力学理论发展的新方向.从土体微观结构研究的进展出发, 探讨了土体结构演化机制和结构模型的特点, 进而指出土力学理论建模的新思路. 相似文献