共查询到10条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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近年来,由中国地质调查局组织实施的“岩溶地区水文地质环境地质综合调查”工程,按阶段任务目标,基本查明了我国南方岩溶区岩溶地下水资源赋存分布规律和开发利用潜力,发现了石漠化、地下水污染、内涝灾害等环境地质问题,揭示了岩溶作用对油气资源、矿产资源、岩溶旅游资源、碳循环和环境地质问题的控制机制,启动了“全球岩溶动力系统资源环境效应”国际大科学计划,在岩溶动力学理论、岩溶石笋高分辨率测年、岩溶人工增汇和岩溶地下水探测等方面实现了重大科技创新。建立的不同类型区岩溶地下水富水模式、成井模式、有效开发利用模式以及石漠化区综合治理模式,经实践表明具有推广应用价值,可为岩溶水资源可持续开发利用、石漠化综合治理、地下水污染防治和岩溶贫困区脱贫攻坚提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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峰丛洼地形成动力过程与水资源开发利用 总被引：22，自引：3，他引：19
对喀斯特的重要地貌景观—— 峰丛洼地(锥状喀斯特) ,从水文地貌学观点分析论述了其气候形态学特征、地貌结构、地貌发育演化动力过程以及与内源水作用过程相关的多元水赋存特点及其水资源开发利用形式。 相似文献
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Groundwater socio-ecology and governance: a review of institutions and policies in selected countries 总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1
Groundwater is crucial for the livelihoods and food security of millions of people, and yet, knowledge formation in the field of groundwater has remained asymmetrical. While, scientific knowledge in the discipline (hydrology and hydrogeology) has advanced remarkably, relatively little is known about the socio-economic impacts and institutions that govern groundwater use. This paper therefore has two objectives. The first is to provide a balanced view of the plus and the down side of groundwater use, especially in agriculture. In doing so, examples are drawn from countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Spain and Mexico—all of which make very intensive use of groundwater. Second, institutions and policies that influence groundwater use are analyzed in order to understand how groundwater is governed in these countries and whether successful models of governance could be replicated elsewhere. Finally, the authors argue that there is a need for a paradigm shift in the way groundwater is presently perceived and managed—from management to governance mode. In this attempt, a number of instruments such as direct regulation, indirect policy levers, livelihood adaptation and peoples participation will have to be deployed simultaneously in a quest for better governance.
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| Tushaar ShahEmail: |
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Edella Schlager 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(3):350-360
Over the last several decades, water users in the western United States have increasingly turned to groundwater resources to support economic development, but few institutional arrangements were in place to govern groundwater use. Over time, numerous groundwater problems have emerged. Two closely related explanations for this are explored. Surface water sources were the first to be developed, and institutional arrangements to allocate surface water were the first to be devised. These arrangements are not particularly well suited for governing groundwater. Furthermore, the physical differences between rivers and aquifers lead to differences in the development of each type of water, and in production and organization costs. Groundwater development involves low upfront production costs, which individual water users can cover. Once groundwater users have individually invested in productive activities problems emerge, such as declining water tables. Thus, unlike surface water users, groundwater users are faced with devising institutional arrangements to coordinate their water uses after they have invested in and developed productive economic activities. Most western states regulate pumping, although groundwater users, in general, resist pumping limits. The discussion concludes with proposals for modifying the prior appropriation doctrine to better accommodate the active management of groundwater basins for long-term sustainability.
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| Edella SchlagerEmail: Phone: 520-621-5840 |
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Development of a conjunctive use model to evaluate alternative management options for surface and groundwater resources 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A conjunctive use model has been developed to evaluate alternative management options for surface and groundwater resources. A simple water balance approach was used to estimate net recharge to the aquifer. The groundwater model FEFLOW takes net recharge as an input for the water balance calculation and simulates flow in the groundwater under all boundary stresses. The developed model was applied to an irrigated area in the Indus Basin, Pakistan, to predict groundwater levels up to 2010 in response to the possible need for intervention in irrigation and/or agricultural practices. A geographical information system (GIS) was used to assemble various types of spatial data. The study revealed that an increase in pumpage from the present rate would further strain the scarce water resources. Lining of watercourses and adjustment in cropping pattern could be adopted as alternatives for better management of surface and groundwater resources.
相似文献
| Helmut EggersEmail: |
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The aim of this paper is to use an economic framework to derive decision making rules for river basin management with a focus on groundwater resources. Using an example from northern Nigeria, the paper provides an example of how decision making for sustainable water resources management may be facilitated by comparing net benefits and costs across a river basin. It is argued that economic tools can be used to assess the value of water resources in different uses, identify and analyze management scenarios, and provide decision rules for the sustainable use and management of surface and ground water resources in the region.
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| Gayatri AcharyaEmail: |
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Mark Giordano 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(3):310-318
The rapid expansion in agricultural groundwater use in the last few decades has transformed rural economies in large parts of the developing world, in particular South Asia and North China. There has been no such “Groundwater Revolution” in most of sub-Saharan Africa and little is known about the actual role of groundwater use in supporting agricultural livelihoods in the region or opportunities to expand this role in the future. Published literature has been reviewed to paint a preliminary, region-wide picture of the contribution groundwater makes to agriculture, and in turn to rural livelihoods, within sub-Saharan Africa. The findings indicate that groundwater is used on only 1–2 million hectares of cropped area, directly contributing to the livelihoods of 1.5–3% of the rural population. Groundwater also plays a critical role in the vital livestock sector as well as an important indirect role in the supply of domestic water to agricultural households. While data are lacking, these latter two roles likely surpass the direct importance of groundwater to crop production. This suggests that an understanding of the value of agricultural groundwater use in support of rural livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa should be based on different models than have typically been applied in Asia.
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| Mark GiordanoEmail: Phone: +94-11-2787404Fax: +94-11-2786854 |