共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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艾比湖流域水土开发的模糊综合评价 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
近年来随着水土开发活动的加剧,艾比湖流域已经成为我国干旱区生态环境严重退化的地区之一。水土资源利用的有效程度是区域水土资源可持续发展的前提与基础．直接关系水土资源的可持续利用。本文运用模糊综合评价模型．对艾比湖流域水土开发的有效性进行了评价。结果显示：艾比湖流域水资源开发利用率较高．平均达到75．99％;但水土资源有效利用率偏低．有效开发利用程度综合评分值只有0．316;水土资源开发处于低级及过渡阶段,工农业及经济属于耗水型．水资源综合管理水平低,但同时也说明水资源开发具有很大潜力。以评价结论为依据,给出了流域可持续发展水土资源保障的对策建议。 相似文献
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Wavelet analysis and Mann-Kendall tests are employed to evaluate the variation in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and hydrological variables in the Haihe River basin calculated by the Variable Infiltration Capacity model. The relationships between those variables and the EASM are also examined. The results indicate consistent 40a periodic variation in both the hydrological variables and the EASM. The hydrologic variables show downward trends in the Haihe River basin over the past 60 years, especially in piedmont regions of the Taihang-Yan Mountains. The variables are closely related to the EASM, whose continuous weakening since the 1970 s has resulted in prolonged drought and severe water shortages in the basin. The periodicity of the EASM index was analyzed using continuous wavelet transform methods. We found the most significant periodic signal of the EASM is ~80 years; therefore, the EASM may reinforce and reach a maximum in the 2040 s, resulting in more precipitation and other impacts on basin water resources. Hydrologic variables in the basin in the 2040 s are predicted, and their spatial distributions in the Haihe River basin are also discussed. These results allow for the estimation of water resources under forecasted EASM, which will be useful for water resources management in the Haihe River basin. 相似文献
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L. V. Gorbatenko 《Geography and Natural Resources》2016,37(2):114-122
This paper summarizes the problems and consequences associated with water use in the Russian and Chinese parts of the Amur river basin. Taking into consideration the set of indicators involving the water withdrawal, the utilization of source water, the volumes of recirculated and repeated-consecutive water supply, the volumes of waste waters, the capacity of pollution control facilities, etc., an outline is given of the present status of water use in the national parts of the basin. The future amounts of water consumption are forecasted, and it is shown how it will increase in the Russian as well as the Chinese parts. An analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of water-use indicators revealed the differently directed tendencies in the water-use pattern in the Russian and Chinese parts of the Amur river basin, and the existence of quantitative disproportions caused by a different degree of development and a different intensity of economic growth. In the Russian part of the basin, the amounts of water used have stabilized in recent years after a decrease, whereas they are increasing steadily in the Chinese and Russian parts where the highest proportion of water is used to meet agricultural and production needs, respectively. It is shown that water use, the density of the water-economy structure and the discharges of pollutants in the Chinese part of the basin are larger by factors of several tens than those in the Russian part. The manufacture of water-intensive industrial products and the load of agriculture on water resources also differ by factors of several tens. The indicator of population size is used to characterize the degree of development of the basin’s territory. For the Russian part of the basin the study revealed a dependence of water consumption on the population size and on the volumes of water-intensive products in the production facilities with a low coefficient of recirculated water use. This dependence can also be extended to the Chinese part where circulated water supplies are being used only moderately. 相似文献
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Gazhit Ts. TSYBEKMITOVA 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2015,6(2):119-122
Cyclic climatic changes, as well as the press of anthropogenic impact, affect ecosystems of the river Argun basin. Specialization of basin management is industrial and agricultural. The main impact is connected with the development of mining companies (including the mining of ore and placer gold), energy facilities, and the formation of reservoirs in the basin of rivers: the Argun — the Hailar. As a result of natural and anthropogenic pressure, the limiting factor for ecosystem exploitation in this basin is water resources (water deficiency and its quality). 相似文献
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M.E. Mendoza G. Bocco E. López‐Granados M. Bravo Espinoza 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2010,31(2):197-214
A spatially distributed water balance model was used to assess the influence of regional land use and land cover change in a poorly gauged basin for the years 1975 and 2000. To carry out this study in the Cuitzeo Lake basin in Michoacan, Mexico, remote sensing and geographic information system tools were integrated in the water balance model. In addition, a transition matrix analysis was used to determine the dynamic change of categories of related hydrologic processes. The analysis of the water balance components, based on landforms and transition matrix, indicated a tendency of improvement in the regional hydrologic conditions in the basin. As a consequence of urban land use growth, however, plains and footslopes of the basin showed an increase of runoff values. In addition, in both years, the topographic lower sections of the basin exhibited a high demand for water from the increased urban land use, along with degradation of Cuitzeo Lake, particularly by pollution and reduction of water supply. The approach used here is suitable for understanding the change in quantity and spatial distribution of water available in poorly gauged basins. 相似文献
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汉江中下游流域水环境保护的经济手段探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
汉江中下游流域基本都在湖北省境内,与沿江社会经济快速发展不相称的是其水质的日益恶化。文章认为汉江中下游流域水环境逐步恶化有着深刻的经济原因,即由于缺乏市场导向和政府干预失灵而导致的对水环境资源的低效配置。因此,只有将环境保护与经济发展相结合,在水环境保护领域利用市场和创建市场．充分发挥市场配置资源的功能,才能从根本上解决汉江中下游流域水环境问题。 相似文献
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流域水资源开发阈值模型及其在黄河流域的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
流域水资源开发阈值是流域水资源合理利用的基础和流域生态系统健康的保证。随着水资源短缺引起的 问题日益突出, 人们对水资源开发阈值的认识也在不断加深, 从最初的“水资源总量”、“可利用量”和“可供水量” 等, 到考虑生态需水和水质保护的水资源可利用量。本文在这些理念的基础上, 提出一种新的流域水资源开发阈值 及其计算模型, 即考虑水资源量、不可利用的洪水量、被污染水量、生态需水量及重复计算水量, 综合计算流域水资 源开发阈值。黄河流域作为我国水资源严重短缺地区, 水资源开发面临严峻挑战。以黄河流域为例, 运用该阈值模 型对黄河流域水资源开发阈值进行初步计算, 得到开发阈值多年平均约为238 亿m3, 占黄河天然径流量的40%左 右, 符合国际公认的流域水资源开发标准。 相似文献
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As demand and competition for water resources increase, the river basin has become the primary unit for water management and planning. While appealing in principle, practical implementation of river basin management and allocation has often been problematic. This paper examines the case of the Krishna basin in South India. It highlights that conflicts over basin water are embedded in a broad reality of planning and development where multiple scales of decisionmaking and non-water issues are at play. While this defines the river basin as a disputed "space of dependence", the river basin has yet to acquire a social reality. It is not yet a "space of engagement" in and for which multiple actors take actions. This explains the endurance of an interstate dispute over the sharing of the Krishna waters and sets limits to what can be achieved through further basin water allocation and adjudication mechanisms – tribunals – that are too narrowly defined. There is a need to extend the domain of negotiation from that of a single river basin to multiple scales and to non-water sectors. Institutional arrangements for basin management need to internalise the political spaces of the Indian polity: the states and the panchayats. This re-scaling process is more likely to shape the river basin as a space of engagement in which partial agreements can be iteratively renegotiated, and constitute a promising alternative to the current interstate stalemate. 相似文献
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黑河流域水资源动态变化与绿洲发育及发展演变的关系 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
通过探讨流域及绿洲发育及其发展演变的水资源动态变化的特征,阐明它们之间的独特关系,并以此来揭示绿洲系统发育的河流流域地带性问题及特征。研究表明,本区水资源动态变化主要在径流形成、利用和消失三个区域内具有依次性体现的特征。其中占总流域面积10%左右的河川径流形成区,对全流域的水资源动态变化具有先决性作用,并在各个区域水动态变化体现上又受到系统对水的吞吐、留存、蒸散和转化能力大小的影响。因此,河流流域是地域分异现象中通过水流作用所体现出的水平地带性与垂直地带性的一种交汇,同时也是地带性与非地带性系统分异的主要区域。作为河流流域地带发育的绿洲系统,其发展演变规律和特征是相当独特的,如开放性、动态性、脆弱性以及资源有限性等。其中有限的水土资源及其动态变化是制约区域内各层次流域发展及绿洲系统发育的关键,并在不同区段上存在着显著差异性,且彼此间常体现出互为依存、互为消长的依次性制约关系。如水资源量的多寡、质的优劣和时空动态变化及分布、以及人为作用等决定着绿洲类型体现和规模分布、发育层次及阶段或发展演变过程及趋势、和社会经济价值体现等。 相似文献
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Water-related ecosystem services is a hot topic in ecological research. Water supply services are crucial to regional water cycles and water quantity balance. The Dongjiang Lake basin is a national priority river basin in China where ecological compensation pilot programs concerning water resources and water supply services are top priorities for ecosystem service protection. We analyzed spatial and temporal patterns associated with generation and use of water supply services in the Dongjiang Lake basin using the InVEST model, socio-economic data and water resource data. We found that between 1995 and 2010, water yield in the Dongjiang Lake basin and its beneficiary areas increased before declining, varying 9350-12 400 m3 ha-1 y-1; average water yield peaked in 2000. The spatial distribution patterns of water yield during these years are similar, progressively decreasing from upstream to downstream with a remarkable reduction in surrounding areas of city clusters. Average water consumption of the basin and its beneficiary areas ranged from 2900-4450 m3 ha-1 y-1 between 1995 and 2010; the spatial distribution patterns of water consumption during these years are similar, dropping gradually from urban construction land to its surroundings with a stronger gradient between urban and rural areas. More water was consumed on both banks and surroundings of the lake. From 1995 to 2010, water supply fell short of demand for urban construction land and its proximity as well as areas along the lake. Water supply services were able to satisfy needs in other regions. The Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan city cluster suffers from the most strained water supply. 相似文献
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淮河流域水环境污染防治能力空间差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用淮河流域35个地市2010年社会经济、网络调查和水环境污染相关数据,在突出主导因素和可操作原则的基础上,系统的构建了流域水污染防治综合评价体系,运用熵权法对流域各市水污染防治能力进行评价,并采用GIS空间分析方法对流域水环境污染防治能力的总体、局部的空间差异变化、特征和规律进行探索。结果表明: ① 淮河流域各地市水污染防治能力普遍较低,且呈现显著空间差异性,流域水污染防治能力整体呈现干流高于支流,下游高于中游,中游高于上游的梯级趋势;② 流域经济发达地区防治能力明显高于欠发达地区,省会城市防治能力远高于普通地级市;③ 流域水污染综合防治能力空间分布与流域实测水质空间分布高度契合,即防治能力较高地区水质普遍较高,防治能力较低地区水质则较差。 相似文献
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三峡库区梁滩河流域水化学与硝酸盐污染 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
运用水化学和水质分析技术,测定了三峡库区梁滩河流域地表水体和地下水体中的水化学组成和硝酸盐氮含量,揭示了梁滩河流域地表水和地下水水体的水化学组成和硝酸盐污染的空间分布规律、来源及循环过程。结果表明:梁滩河流域地表水的硝酸盐污染表现为沿着地表径流从上游到下游呈现出加重的趋势,这种污染趋势与养殖业、生活和工农业废污水的沿程直接排放有着直接关系;而地下水硝酸盐污染呈现出流域上游和下游较轻、而中游东侧支流区域较重的空间分布特征,这种空间分布特征与地表水体中氨氮和有机氮的含量、地表水与地下水之间的补给排泄关系、厚层土壤包气带的存在以及土地利用状况等因素有着密切的关系。 相似文献
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Assessing regional virtual water flows and water footprints in the Yellow River Basin, China: A consumption based approach 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Kuishuang Feng Yim Ling Siu Dabo GuanKlaus Hubacek 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):691-701
The Yellow River, the second longest river in China, is facing increasing water scarcity due to rising water consumption of a fast growing economy and an increasingly urbanized population with water-intensive consumption patterns. The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is divided into three regions: the upper, middle and lower reaches; each with very different characteristics in terms of water resources, economic structure and household income and consumption patterns. Virtual water has been recognised as a potentially useful concept for redistributing water from water-rich to water-poor regions. In this study, we develop a Multi-Regional Input-Output model (MRIO) to assess the regional virtual water flows between the three reaches of the basin and the rest of China distinguishing green and blue water, as well as rural and urban household water footprints. Results show that all three reaches are net virtual water exporter, i.e. production and consumption activities outside the basin also put pressure on the water resources in the YRB. The results suggest a reduction of the export of virtual blue water that could instead be used for producing higher value added but lower water-intensive goods. In particular, the lower reach as the most water scarce region in the basin should increase the import of water intensive goods, such as irrigated crops and processed food products, from other more water abundant regions such as the South of China. Thus, trading virtual water can help sustain the economic growth of the regions within the basin thus easing the pressure from water shortage. In addition, there is a huge gap between urban and rural household water footprints in the basin. The average urban household’s water footprint is more than double the water footprint of a rural household in the basin. This is due to the higher urban household consumption of water-intensive goods and services, such as processed food products, wearing apparel and footwear, hotel and catering services and electricity. 相似文献
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中国内陆河流域尺度的水资源利用率提高研究--黑河流域水-生态-经济管理试验示范 总被引：10，自引：15，他引：10
水资源是人类生存和社会发展中最重要的成分，中国内陆河的可持续发展所面临的生态问题源自有限的水资源和高的人口压力这两个方面的不协调。通过总结“黑河流域水-生态-经济系统试验示范研究”项目近几年在涵养水源、绿洲尺度的水利用率提高和流域水-生态-经济系统中的水资源配置的部分试验成果和研究进展，以实际事例展示了在流域尺度上提高水资源利用率的可行性和潜力。加强基础研究、引入“虚拟水”等创新意识、通过专家和管理层的结合可进一步提高流域水资源利用率。 相似文献
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Based on the continuous monitoring data of hydrology and water quality in the period from 1972 to 1997, the responses of hydro-environment system to melt water in the Second Songhua River basin were derived. Because of melt water, the water quality in the Second Songhua River is good and changes very except that the contents of Hg and Mn in the water are higher. The contribution of melt water to the water fluxes in the Second Songhua River basin is distinct: the water flow in April increases remarkably, reaches the peak in the upper reaches. The pollutant contributions and water pollution indices (WPIs) of the Second Songhua River in April are high in the upper reaches while that in the lower reaches are low. The responses of hydro-environment system to melt water of that basin are affected by content of packed snow and the underlining surface systems. 相似文献