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1.
Observed frequencies of joint orientations are subject to error due to sampling bias. This error should be corrected before statistical inference is made on the distribution of orientation. Corrections (weighting functions) are developed for sampling bias in orientation for finite joints of different sizes and shapes intersecting rectangular exposures. Chi-square goodness-of-fit procedures available for hemispherical normal and bivariate normal distributions are modified to make them applicable for both raw data and data corrected for sampling bias. The aforementioned corrections and procedures were applied to a joint orientation cluster to study the effect of (a) joint orientation, (b) joint size and (c) joint shape, on the statistical distribution of the orientation. The influences of all these aforementioned factors were found to be significant. However, at present, joint sizes and shapes are not measured in field joint surveys. Therefore, it is suggested to make attempts to obtain joint sizes and shapes in field joint mapping surveys. Since the currently available probability distributions are not adequate to represent all joint orientation distributions, it is suggested either to look for new probability distributions or to develop procedures to use empirical distributions in modelling orientation distributions. 相似文献
2.
裂隙网络模拟与REV尺度研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
研究了利用平面四边形模拟节理岩体三维裂隙网络的方法。在生成裂隙网络时,同时考虑结构面几何参数和力学参数的随机性。利用裂隙网络研究了确定岩体REV尺度的指标。在此基础上,编制了岩体裂隙网络模拟程序、裂隙网络图形输出程序和岩体REV尺度指标分析程序。通过算例分析,验证了研究成果及程序的合理性,并得出了岩体REV尺度约为各组裂隙中最大迹长期望值3~4倍的结论。研究成果为后续计算岩体等效力学参数奠定了基础。 相似文献
3.
Summary The nature of roughness scale effects and the limited use of simple regular profiles are discussed. Some details of the empirical Barton-Bandis and Ladanyi-Archambault models are critically reviewed. It is shown that true roughness amplitude exhibits an increasing magnitude with scale in contrast to the Barton-Bandis model.Generalized relationships between stress, displacement, and compliance are developed for a joint at the commencement of sliding. the relationships are derived using a new fundamental approach based upon profilometry, Hertzian contact theory and the laws of friction. Predictions for an interlocked slate joint and a mismatched granite joint agree well with experiment. An as yet unconfirmed nominal scale effect upon shear compliance is predicted, the latter increasing with joint area. 相似文献
4.
节理迹线中点密度是描述岩体露头节理分布特征的重要指标。由于露头或测窗尺寸的限制、节理迹长的差异以及露头面和节理面夹角的变化,常规的迹线中点密度计算方法通常包含尺寸、截长和角度误差。本文首先介绍了截长、尺寸和角度误差的修正原理,继而将角度误差修正系数引入到关联点密度计算方法中,提出了凸面测窗条件下同时修正截长、尺寸和角度误差的迹线中点密度计算方法。利用三维节理网络建模技术,模拟生成不同方位、不同大小和不同形状的测窗,系统分析了尺寸、截长和角度误差对迹线中点密度的影响,验证了新方法的有效性。最后,针对我国高放废物地质处置北山坑探设施的硐口岩体露头,实现了节理迹线中点密度分析。上述算例和应用表明,新方法可以有效地修正截长、尺寸和角度误差,可以为估算岩体节理分布密度提供更为可靠的依据。 相似文献
5.
针对目前节理岩体损伤变量定义中大多仅考虑节理长度、倾角等几何性质,而未考虑节理抗剪强度等力学性质的不足,基于断裂力学中的由于单个节理存在引起的附加应变能增量与损伤力学中的损伤应变能释放量相关联的观点,推导出了在双轴应力下含单条非贯通闭合节理岩体的损伤变量计算公式,并根据断裂力学理论对双轴压缩荷载下的单个节理尖端应力强度因子计算方法进行了研究,得出了应力强度因子KⅠ、KⅡ的计算公式;同时考虑多节理间的相互作用,给出了单组单排及单组多排非贯通节理尖端应力强度因子计算公式,由此建立了相应的节理岩体双轴压缩损伤本构模型,并利用该模型进行了相应的算例分析。结果表明：对含单条非贯通闭合节理的岩体而言,当节理倾角小于其内摩擦角时,岩体强度与完整岩石相同,岩体损伤为0,而后随着节理倾角增加,岩体强度、损伤随节理倾角的变化分别呈开口向上及向下的抛物线,当节理倾角约为60°时,岩体损伤最大,强度最低。随着节理长度增加,岩体损伤增加,而随着节理内摩擦角的增加,岩体损伤则减小;对含单组单排非贯通闭合节理的岩体而言,当节理总长度一定时,随着单条节理长度的减小及节理条数的增加,岩体损伤则逐渐减小,但其减小幅度与节理条数并不呈线性关系。 相似文献
6.
介绍了本区的两种蓄水构造类型。针对这两种类型,在本区采用大地声频电场法、联合剖面装置和直流电剖面法确定断裂位置比较有效。同时采用不同极距作联合剖面确定蓄水构造的倾向、倾角和延深,并依此布置水井位置,找水效果显著。 相似文献
7.
研究表明,大多数工程岩体失稳以结构面的剪切破坏为主,因此结构面的抗剪强度就成为影响工程岩体稳定性的决定性因素。通常结构面抗剪强度参数的获取可通过直剪试验及经验估算获得,但在岩石工程稳定性的分析、计算中所用的结构面抗剪强度参数的获取基本上都通过直剪试验获得。经验估算方法同直剪试验相比,有费用低、考虑工程岩体的实际工程条件及尺寸效应等优点,用其估算结构面抗剪强度参数具有较大经济价值及工程意义。在野外结构面定向统计测量基础上,用结构面抗剪强度经验估算方法获得其抗剪强度参数,再利用详细的工程地质资料、赤平投影定性分析及确定工程岩体的破坏模式,选用与破坏模式相匹配的数学力学模型,定量计算分析工程岩体的稳定性。理论分析及工程实践表明,该边坡总体上是稳定的,但楔形体处容易失稳,须处理。 相似文献
8.
在对遂昌金矿唐代古金矿4号古洞的考察中,发现分布在矿中的巷道两侧的围岩都是坚硬的变质岩。通过现场研究,作者有4点发现:（1）发现发育于围岩中的节理面具有密度大、倾角陡和间距小的特点;（2）古巷道轴线的走向与节理面的走向基本一致;（3）古巷道的横截面被古人设计成高宽比很大的洞形;（4）巷道的走向都被设计成某种弧形。据此,可以作出以下判断:在一千多年前的唐代,古人很可能已发现这些发育于围岩中的陡倾角节理面之间的结合力很低,使用铁凿就可撬下来,并据此来开挖古巷道的。这也表明唐代的古人已经掌握了相当多的地质知识,并能够将之成功地应用于工程实践中。 相似文献
9.
国土资源已成为社会经济发展的基础和根本支撑,如何科学合理的管理、利用资源,关系到整个社会的发展和未来。通过建立垦利县国土资源管理委员会集体会审系统,对土地出让的前期工作做了数字化、信息化,提出一个基于工作流技术和GIS技术的综合解决方案,利用现有的地理信息服务平台,建立会审系统为国土资源管理委员会的集体会审工作提供技术支撑并对出让地块加以管理。 相似文献
10.
本文结合生产实践,对煤田钻探绳索取心技术的钻孔结构、钻头选择、粉煤取心、护孔堵漏、钻具配套等问题,提出了一些认识。包括孔径确定、钻具级配、孔身构造、技术套管;钻头选型、胎体磨料、水口形态;粉煤钻头、碎岩取心器、自锁半合管;冲洗液选型、随钻堵漏、停钻堵漏工艺;以及应用加长岩心管、钻杆接手、防斜接手、可退式打捞矛等。 相似文献
11.
V. Sarfarazi A. Ghazvinian W. Schubert M. Blumel H. R. Nejati 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(4):1355-1371
The effect of joint overlap on the full failure behavior of a rock bridge in the shear-box test was numerically investigated by means of the particle flow code in two dimensions (PFC2D). Initially, the PFC2D was calibrated by use of data obtained from experimental laboratory tests to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical model’s response. Furthermore, validation of the simulated models was cross-checked with the results from direct shear tests performed on non-persistent jointed physical models. By use of numerical direct shear tests, the failure process was visually observed and the failure patterns were seen to be in reasonable accordance with experimental results. Discrete element simulations demonstrated that macro shear fractures in rock bridges are because of microscopic tensile breakage of a large number of bonded discs. The failure pattern is mostly affected by joint overlap whereas the shear strength is closely related to the failure pattern. The results show that non-overlapping joints lost their loading capacity when nearly 50 % of total cracks developed within the rock bridge whereas the overlapping joints lost their loading capacity as soon as cracks initiated from the joint walls. Furthermore, progressive failure or stable crack growth was seen to develop for non-overlapped joints whereas brittle failure or unstable crack growth was seen to develop in overlapped joints. 相似文献
12.
在对项目实施区域水资源分布特点和水资源利用中存在的一系列问题进行前期调研及分析总结的基础上,通过地下水多年调节,采取地表水、地下水和土壤水相结合以及区内水源和区外引水相结合的调控措施,提出了在项目实施区实施多种水源联合利用与调度技术方案,通过非工程措施和工程措施的配套建设,实现了多种水源联合利用。 相似文献
13.
It is a well known fact that rock mass properties influence the process of fragmentation considerably. Model blasts and field investigations were carried out to find the effects of rock mass quality and joint orientation on tunnel blasting. Propagation of shock waves are partially restricted by joint planes. It was observed that the blast results (i.e., average fragment size and depth and cross-sectional area of the broken zone) were considerably influenced by joint orientation. Accordingly, it has been concluded that loading equipment with a larger capacity and deeper blast holes are required in formations with joint planes perpendicular to the tunnel axis. The number of blast holes, however, should be greater when joints are parallel to the tunnel axis. Furthermore, the powder factor (kg/m3) has been found to be directly related to rock mass quality (Q). Optimisation of pull, powder factor and overbreak is required in the case of weak formations with joints perpendicular to the tunnel axis. The use of contour blasting technique seems to be essential in poor and fair rock masses to minimise the overbreak, reduce the support cost and improve the stability of the opening. 相似文献
14.
V.N. Dorovsky Yu.A. Nefedkin A.I. Fedorov M.Yu. Podberezhnyy 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2010,51(12):1285-1294
A new algorithm is suggested for joint calculation of three key parameters of reservoir rocks: permeability, electroacoustic constant, and velocity of second bulk compressional wave (slow wave). The algorithm is advantageous in the use of Stoneley waves which are most stable in acoustoelectric log waveform data. 相似文献
15.
煤炭勘查区实行多资源多矿种综合兼探,一是与煤共伴生矿种的勘查,二是与煤不同地质时代的层叠型矿种的勘查,实现气、液、固态矿种的三维立体式综合勘查。河北平原区煤炭勘查以石炭-二叠系煤层为主,其上覆盖有多时代的地层且含矿丰富,建议利用煤炭勘查钻孔同步进行多资源多矿种统一勘查,或煤铝兼探、煤铀兼探、盐卤兼探、煤层气页岩气兼探、热气兼探等,以拓宽煤炭地质找矿方向。 相似文献
16.
Rajinder Bhasin Nick Barton Eystein Grimstad Panayotis Chryssanthakis 《Engineering Geology》1995,40(3-4):169-193
A detailed engineering geological assessment of low strength (6–35 MPa) anisotropic rocks at an ongoing Hydroelectric Project in the Himalayan Region has been carried out. The project (the Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Project) will have one of the world's largest and longest water conducting systems, consisting of a 10.15 m diameter and 27.3 km long head race tunnel, a 942 000 m3 underground desilting complex and a 20 × 49 × 216 m powerhouse cavern in the area. Because these constructions are made in low strength metamorphosed anisotropic rocks like quartz mica schists, biotite schists and muscovite schists, it seemed necessary and worthwhile to undertake a comprehensive study of such rocks. The studies include petrographic and petrofabric analyses of the rocks, geo-mechanical properties, rock stress measurements, rock mass classification using the Q-System and data concerning joint geometry, joint roughness and joint strength. The use of mapped geological and geotechnical data along with the experimental and modelling studies have helped to better understand the behaviour of these rocks in underground openings. 相似文献
17.
Summary The analysis of data collected on rock discontinuities often requires that the data be separated into joint sets or groups.
A statistical tool that facilitates the automatic identification of groups of clusters of observations in a data set is cluster
analysis. The fuzzy K-means cluster technique has been successfully applied to the analysis of joint survey data. As is the case with all clustering
algorithms, the results of an analysis performed with the fuzzy K-means algorithm for discontinuity data are highly dependent on the distance metric employed in the analysis. This paper explores
the significant issues surrounding the choice and use of various distance measures for clustering joint survey data. It also
proposes an analogue of the Mahalanobis distance norm (used for data in Euclidean space) for clustering spherical data. Sample
applications showing the greater flexibility and power of the new distance measure over the originally proposed distance metric
for spherical data are given in the paper. 相似文献
18.
双弯螺杆是指弯接头加弯壳体螺杆的钻具组合形式。采用双弯螺杆纠斜,可以获得较大的造斜率,解决在特定条件下单弯螺杆纠斜困难的问题。选择合适角度的弯接头,减少双弯螺杆造斜进尺长度,是控制井眼“狗腿”度,保证后期工作（扩孔和下套管）顺利进行的重要因素。以在大口径钻孔中纠斜为例,列举了使用单弯螺杆纠斜遇到的困难,通过双弯螺杆造斜效果的分析,提出了一套采用双弯螺杆进行纠斜的工艺,最终实现了钻孔的纠斜成功。 相似文献
19.
非开挖施工地下管线有很多工艺方法,这些工艺中存在某些需要改进的地方。并且在适当条件下可以采用新的方法代替现有的方法。第一是非开挖施工“超重地下管道”时,拉管工序中的局部连接新方法的设想。第二是在特殊情况下施工地下电力管线时PE管管节连接方式的选择。第三是在合适的地层中采用“拔管法”更换废旧地下管线的施工工艺。 相似文献
20.
C. L. Petrovitch L. J. Pyrak-Nolte D. D. Nolte 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(5):1613-1623
The connection between fluid flow and seismic stiffness in single fractures is governed by the geometry of the fracture through the size and spatial distributions of the void and contact areas. Flow and stiffness each exhibit scaling behavior as the scale of observation shifts from local to global sample sizes. The purpose of this study was to explore the joint scaling of both properties using numerical models. Finite-size scaling methods are used to extract critical thresholds and power laws for fluid flow through weakly correlated fractures under increasing load. An important element in the numerical fracture deformation is the use of extended boundary conditions that simulate differences between laboratory cores relative to in situ field studies. The simulated field conditions enable joint scaling of flow and stiffness to emerge with the potential to extrapolate from small laboratory samples to behavior on the field scale. 相似文献