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弱各向异性介质地震波传播特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
随着油气田勘探精度要求越来越高,各向异性已成为不得不考虑的重要因素,因此对地震波在各向异性介质中传播特征的研究具有一定的价值。利用Thomsen提出的弱各向异性理论,通过理论模型数值计算,分析了Thomsen各向异性参数对弱各向异性VTI介质中三种体波的影响。分析结果表明:①参数ε、δ分别影响qP波大角度、中小角度传播的各向异性;②参数(ε-δ)影响qSV波中等角度传播时的各向异性;③参数γ影响qSH波大角度传播的各向异性,且群速度的各向异性要比相速度的各向异性更明显,并会出现复杂的交会区。通过这些研究分析,进一步认识了弱各向异性介质相速度及群速度随各向异性参数变化的规律。 相似文献
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理想弹性介质并不能解决许多复杂的实际问题。在实际介质中,地震波的传播过程存在吸收作用,使地震波能量发生了损耗、频带变窄、相位延迟、频率降低,尤其是高频部份。这种特性可以用传播矢量和衰减矢量来表示,衰减矢量越大,介质的吸收越强。这里通过引入广义平面波、纵横波品质因子以及衰减角,利用应力应变关系和连续性条件,推导了粘弹性介质精确的Zoeppritz方程,并通过求解精确的Zoeppritz方程,分析了粘弹性介质中传播矢量、衰减矢量、纵波反射系数、转换波反射系数与频率、衰减角、入射角、品质因子、速度等物理量之间的关系,详细地了解了粘弹性介质中地震波传播特征及反射特征,为粘弹性介质中储层预测问题的研究提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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应用双相介质波动方程,推导了双相横向各向同性介质(TI)中波动方程的有限差分格式,对双相TI介质中弹性波有限差分数值进行了模拟.结果表明,弹性波在双相TI介质中传播时,除了存在常规的快纵波(qP1)和横波以外,还存在慢纵波( qP2).并且慢纵波的速度明显小于快纵波,而且受耗散系数的影响衰减地很快,所以在实际中很难观测到慢纵波.快纵波在固相和流相中相位相同,而慢纵波在固相和流相中的相位相反.慢纵波在流相中振幅大,而在固相中的振幅较小. 相似文献
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基于桃花嘴矿区地下洞室爆破振动现场试验的实测数据,发现了地下洞室爆破开挖诱发边墙质点峰值振动速度传播衰减的特点,即爆源近区和边墙中心区域具有更大的放大效应。建立了四边简支板的动力学模型,进一步结合量纲分析法,推导出考虑边墙四边约束的地下洞室爆破边墙质点峰值振动速度预测公式。将实测数据分别代入萨道夫斯基公式和推导公式进行线性回归运算,得到萨道夫斯基公式预测值和推导公式预测值的平均误差分别为30.7%和5.1%。结果表明,该公式能较准确地反映地下洞室爆破边墙质点峰值振动速度存在的放大效应,特别可以精确预测放大效应显著区域的爆破振动峰值速度,为更好地控制边墙爆破振动损伤提供了参考价值。 相似文献
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首先简述了2-D横向各向同性介质中的波慢度面方程及其似P波、似SV波与似SH波速度关系式;接着推导了3-D横向各向同性介质中波慢度面方程,导出了3-D条件下地震波速度随波动传播方向变化的关系式;计算并讨论了2-D与3-D横向各向同性介质中地震波波慢度面及地震波波速,并发现,似P波、似SV波及似SH波波慢度面一般为不规则椭圆或椭球;似P波、似SV波与似SH波速度不仅与θ、(?)有关,而且,似SV波与似SH波的传播速度不同。 相似文献
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平面波的传播问题通常可以归结为一维波动方程的定解问题。在非均匀介质中,即使简单的一维波动方程也需要借助于数值方法获得近似解。3层5点古典差分格式是计算偏微分方程一种常用算法,作为一种显式迭代格式,需要满足稳定性条件 ,其中 为波速, 为空间采样间隔, 为时间采样间隔。当 时, ,古典差分格式达到临界稳定状态。在这种情况下,平面波在 时间内的传播距离恰好等于空间采样间隔,差分格式真实地反映了平面波的传播原理,因而可以得到一维波动方程的精确解。但是,由于在非均匀介质中存在不连续的波阻抗界面,此方法不适于计算非均匀介质的波场。为了将临界稳定情况下的古典差分格式推广应用至非均匀层状介质,提出了一种能够处理波阻抗界面的有限差分格式,并应用傅里叶分析法得到其稳定性条件。模型算例验证了此算法的正确性。 相似文献
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这里研究了VTI（Vertical Transverse Isotropy）介质隐式有限差分（IFD）波场外推算子和VTI介质平面波偏移。在文中设计了VTI介质IFD波场外推算子,将Taylor分析法求得的差分系数,作为初始解,用非线性优化方法迭代求得算子系数。将设计的外推算子频散曲线和偏移脉冲响应与理论解进行了对比分析,验证出外推算子有较高的精度。从各向同性介质平面波偏移理论出发,结合VTI介质IFD波场外推算子,将平面波偏移推广到VTI介质中。对Hess VTI标准模型拟合数据进行偏移,偏移结果验证了平面波偏移在VTI介质中的有效性,以及在加强特定陡倾界面成像方面的优势。并且,与常规VTI介质叠前深度偏移相比,VTI介质平面波偏移在保证成像质量的前提下,大大减少了计算量,为各向异性偏移成像研究提供了新的技术思路。 相似文献
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提出了一种对声波测井频散波数据频散校正的适应函数方法。通过提取频散波的频率慢度相关图,得到频散波的频散曲线,由频散曲线在慢度轴上的投影可得到关于地层波慢度的统计直方图。构造一种适应函数与直方图进行非线性最小二乘拟合,得到与统计直方图最优匹配的适应函数,这个适应函数起始点对应的慢度即为真实的地层波慢度。给出了采用该方法处理理论模拟的偶极子波及现场实测的偶极子波资料的例子。对理论模拟的偶极子波处理,计算的偶极子波慢度值与地层真实横波慢度基本一致;对现场实测的偶极子波数据处理,计算的偶极子波慢度与频率慢度投影曲线相匹配。处理结果表明,采用该方法对频散波进行频散校正是可靠有效的。 相似文献
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M. D. Sharma 《Journal of Earth System Science》2007,116(6):537-551
The propagation of plane waves is considered in a general anisotropic elastic medium in the presence of initial stress. The
Christoffel equations are solved into a polynomial of degree six. The roots of this polynomial represent the vertical slowness
values for the six quasi-waves resulting from the presence of a discontinuity in the medium. Three of these six values are
identified with the three quasi-waves traveling in the medium but away from its boundary. Reflection at the free plane surface
is studied for partition of energy among the three reflected waves. For post-critical incidence, the reflected waves are inhomogeneous
(evanescent) waves. Numerical examples are considered to exhibit the effects of initial stress on the phase direction, attenuation
and reflection coefficients of the reflected waves. The phase velocities and energy shares of the reflected waves change significantly
with initial stress as well as anisotropic symmetry. The presence of initial stress, however, has a negligible effect on the
phase directions of reflected waves. 相似文献
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本文利用横向各向同性介质（ＴＩＭ）中的传播矩阵和面波形成条件，导出了面波波慢度方程。对瑞利波给出了各向同性及横向各向同性弹性介质中其相速度的解析解；对于勒夫波，给出了横向各向同性介质中的波慢度方程。 相似文献
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基于常规测井数据计算储层岩石力学参数——以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
泊松比及杨氏模量等岩石力学参数是盆地构造应力场模拟、油气田钻完井及储层压裂改造设计的基础参数。在岩石力学实验研究及纵、横声波时差关系研究的基础上,针对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界储层确定了基于常规测井资料计算横波时差关系式的待定系数A、B、C,通过最小二乘法拟合的3个待定系数值分别为2.74、25.45、-370.16,基于待定系数计算公式求取的横波时差与实测横波时差具有较好的一致性。通过该方法计算出研究区上古生界储层杨氏模量在35593~37997 MPa之间,泊松比在0.21~0.25之间。研究区岩石力学参数计算公式的确定及岩石力学参数计算为鄂尔多斯盆地气田勘探开发提供了数据基础。 相似文献
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M. D. Sharma 《Journal of Earth System Science》2005,114(4):401-410
The three dimensional scattering of near-field, from a point source, is studied for acceleration in the time domain. The perturbation
method is applied to define the acceleration for the first order scattering from a weak inhomogeneity in a homogeneous surrounding.
A body force, arising from the interaction between the primary waves and the inhomogeneity, acts as the source generating
the scattered motion. The acceleration of scattered waves is related to the velocity and density fluctuations of the inhomogeneity.
No restrictions are placed on the inhomogeneity size or locations of the source and receiver. Decoupling of scattered motion
enables the identification of different phases. Integral expressions are derived for the scattering acceleration due to the
incidence of near-field wave (from an impulsive point force) at a radially inhomogeneous volume element. These integrals are
solved further for scattering from an inhomogeneous spherical shell. The accelerations for back scattering are obtained as
a special case. These accelerations are simple analytically solvable expressions in closed form.
Only spherical asymmetry ofP wave velocity inhomogeneity can affect the scatteredS acceleration. ScatteredP acceleration is affected by the gradient ofS wave velocity inhomogeneity. The back scattering of near-field from a spherical shell, is independent of radial inhomogeneity
ofP wave velocity. Inhomogeneity with smoothly perturbedS wave velocity does not back-scatter any acceleration. Accelerations are computed numerically for scattering from a part of
inhomogeneous spherical shell. Hypothetical models are considered to study the effects of the distances of spherical shell
from source, receiver, its thickness and its position relative to the direction of impulsive force. 相似文献
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从几个方面阐述了瞬变电磁（TEM）场法的探测深度,引用“烟圈效应”的等效电流环向下扩散深度,推导平面波场极大值扩散深度,并通过时频（T-F）分析阐明时间域、频率域探测深度的联系与区别。TEM场的扩散深度主要取决于延迟时间,地面实际探测到同样深度的信息所需时间至少是单向扩散深度时间的2倍,即双程时;根据电磁感应、电磁波的反射、频率测深曲线的假极值现象以及拟地震转换波的慢度等几个方面论述了此结论。论述的TEM探测深度的理论可为其应用扩展思路。 相似文献
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M. D. Sharma 《Journal of Earth System Science》2004,113(2):247-257
Three dimensional scattering of near-field is studied for dilatation and rotation in the time domain. The perturbation method
is applied to solve the equation of motion for the first order scattering from a weak inhomogeneity in an otherwise homogeneous
medium. The inhomogeneity is assumed close enough to the point source so that the near-field intermediate wave is dominating
over the far-field sphericalP andS pulses. The integral expressions are derived to relate dilatation and rotation of scattering to the radial fluctuations of
velocities and density in the inhomogeneity. These integrals are solved to calculate the strains of scattering from (a part
of) an inhomogeneous spherical shell of arbitrary curvature. Variable curvature may allow the shape of inhomogeneity volume
element to change uniformly from spherical to rectangular. Rotation of scattering from a spherical shell is independent ofP wave velocity inhomogeneity. Dilatation of scattering does not involveS wave velocity inhomogeneity but its gradient. The back scattering results are obtained as a special case. Strains are computed
numerically, for hypothetical models to study the effects of various parameters viz., velocity inhomogeneity, distance of
source from inhomogeneity and from receiver, and thickness of inhomogeneity. The curvature of the spherical shell is varied
to study the effects of the shape of inhomogeneous volume element on scattering. 相似文献
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《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》1999,24(6):529-532
Dynamo effect is considered in more general case than well known one when not only mean motion but also conducting components possess nonzero mean helicity. Dispersion equation for helical motions is studied, including inhomogeneous case. Criteria for development of instability are found. Interaction between large-scale internal wave and small-scale helical turbulence in plane Couette flow of fluid with statically stable uniform density gradient in gravitational field is studied basing on a set of equations for scalar and quasi-scalar wave fields and for helicity of turbulence. This system of equation describes acceleration of wave growth due to its backward action on turbulence, i.e. wave-turbulent instability. Chiral media are further considered and effects topologically close to helical ones are analyzed. It is shown that in such media ranges of scales exist, in which fluctuations of electric field can be anomalously amplified. 相似文献