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2015年4月25日在尼泊尔廓尔喀县发生的8.1级地震及后续强烈余震,造成尼泊尔北部严重的人员伤亡和财产损失,灾区建筑物倒塌损失严重。本文利用现场震害调查资料和高分卫星遥感影像,开展建筑物震害遥感解译,得到各个遥感解译点的遥感震害指数,结合现场调查点评估的烈度拟合了遥感震害指数-实际震害指数转换关系,再根据遥感震害指数估计了全部解译点的震害指数及地震烈度。估计的烈度与现场调查结果对比显示出较好的一致性,研究结果为该地区今后发生地震提供了可借鉴的遥感评估震害指数转换模型。 相似文献
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以2020年1月19日伽师M S6.4地震现场烈度调查结果为基础,综合余震分布、发震构造及仪器烈度值等研究成果,确定了本次地震的烈度分布。此次地震极震区烈度为Ⅷ度(8度),Ⅵ度(6度)区及以上总面积为7599 km 2。分析各个烈度区内不同结构房屋的震害,结果表明,震害较重房屋主要是由于这些房屋年久失修,施工质量不高,缺乏必要的抗震措施等自身原因造成的,其中没有抗震措施的砖木结构房屋是震害主体。随着新疆地区农村房屋的抗震性能提高,在以后的地震烈度调查中,需要现场调查人员依据不同结构房屋的破坏等级及平均震害指数等参数综合判定调查点的烈度值,在没有明显震害的低烈度区,仪器烈度值将会成为烈度图绘制的重要依据。 相似文献
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2021年8月26日甘肃省酒泉市阿克塞哈萨克族自治县（38.88°N, 95.50°E）发生5.5级地震,震源深度15 km,震中烈度为Ⅶ度,震区总面积为1 352 km2,距震中30 km处存在烈度异常点。本次地震震害较轻,未造成人员伤亡,经济损失较轻。本文从地震应急响应、现场震害调查、建筑物破坏情况调研、烈度评定、灾害损失评估等方面对本次地震震害特点进行分析总结,对造成震害的致灾因素进行深入分析,得出震害经验和相应的防震减灾启示,以便本地区查找防震减灾不利因素,进而采取属地化措施,尽可能减轻未来地震灾害损失。 相似文献
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阐述河北永清MS 4.3地震构造背景和地震活动特征,依据仪器烈度,通过对地震现场调查点评定烈度,根据极震区震感现象和分布范围,确定极震区影响烈度为Ⅴ度,并圈定地震烈度图分布范围,分析此次地震震害特征。 相似文献
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精细化的建筑物震害评估,对震后应急救援和烈度评估具有重要的意义.为解决因震后高分辨率影像缺乏导致无法快速开展建筑物震害评估的实际需求,以四川泸定6.8级地震为例,提出基于震前高分影像和震害仿真的建筑物震害快速评估方法.首先通过深度学习技术提取灾区建筑物空间信息,在收集实际地震动记录的基础上,结合精细化的建筑物震害仿真方法,对震中部分村镇的建筑物震害及地震烈度进行了快速评估,并与震后获取的无人机影像解译结果、现场调查烈度及余震等进行验证.结果表明震中附近的磨西镇烈度估计达到Ⅸ度,其他地点的估计结果与发布的烈度图进行比较,其衰减较为一致,且与余震发生空间较为重合,进一步证明该方法可作为震后大范围影像缺失的“盲区”的建筑物震害快速评估的有效方法,为现场应急、灾害调查和烈度评定提供信息支撑. 相似文献
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根据2022年云南宁蒗MS 5.5地震现场调查情况,详细描述本次地震的烈度分布情况和房屋震害特征,计算各烈度区内各类房屋结构的平均震害指数和破坏比,与2012年宁蒗—盐源MS 5.7地震和历史地震震害统计规律进行对比,结果表明： ①本次地震最大烈度为Ⅶ度,长轴呈NW向,与地震构造背景、震源机制解、余震序列分布和震例统计规律等科技支撑成果吻合较好; ②本次地震中房屋震害较轻,主要得益于脱贫攻坚、农村危房改造和抗震改造等项目的实施,震区房屋结构的整体抗震性能加强。 相似文献
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2020年5月18日巧家县发生5.0级地震,结合震区背景信息和现场调查,详细阐述此次地震烈度分布和房屋震害特征,并计算各类结构房屋的震害指数和破坏比。调查发现,本次地震的最高烈度为Ⅵ度,长轴呈NW向,与灾区地震地质构造背景、仪器烈度分布具有较好的一致性。对比分析本次地震与昭通地区、云南其他地区近年来大小相近的历史地震Ⅵ度区震害指数,结果表明,本次地震房屋震害指数相较于昭通其他地区明显偏低,但比云南其他地区偏高。分析认为,近年来巧家县各项房屋改造工程切实提高了当地房屋抗震水平,但仍需加强房屋改造建设,尤其是加快推进老旧房屋拆除及新房建设工作,进一步提升房屋抗震能力。 相似文献
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In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
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Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
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Cu concentrations in surface (river and lake) and subsurface waters are determined. The geographic pattern of Cu distribution in natural water is identified. This pattern is controlled by the difference between its concentrations in drained rocks and soils and the geochemical redox conditions of its migration. Territories with low, medium, and elevated Cu concentrations in natural waters are identified. The concentrations of Cu in natural waters of the region are found to be generally lower than the Clarke values. 相似文献
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Changes in thermal extremes of the climate of Poland in 1951–2010 are examined. Warm extremes have become more frequent, while cold extremes have become less frequent. In the warming climate of Poland, the increase in the number of extremely warm days in a year and the decrease in the number of extremely cold days in a year have been observed. Also the increase of the maximum number of consecutive hot days in a year and the decrease of the maximum number of consecutive very cold and extremely cold days in a year have been observed. However, the trends are not of ubiquitous statistic significance, as the natural variability is strong. 相似文献
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M. MONIRUL QADER MIRZA 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):613-631
Abstract The basin area of the Ganges River in Bangladesh is extremely dependent on a regular water supply from upstream to meet requirements for agriculture, fisheries, navigation, salinity control, and domestic and industrial sectors. In 1975, India commissioned a barrage on the Ganges River at Farakka to divert a significant portion of the dry season flow in order to make the Calcutta Port navigable. Statistical analyses of discharge and water level data have been carried out to determine if significant changes have occurred in the hydrology of the Ganges system in Bangladesh in the post-Farakka period. Siltation of the Gorai River (an offtake of the Ganges River) has also been examined using the stage-discharge relationship and regression analysis. The analyses show that the diversion has caused considerable hydrological changes in the Ganges system in Bangladesh. The water supply in the dry season has been reduced substantially, while siltation of the Gorai River has increased significantly. 相似文献
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