共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
Sung-Hoon Ji Kyung Woo Park Doo-Hyun Lim Chunsoo Kim Kyung Su Kim William Dershowitz 《Hydrogeology Journal》2012,20(7):1341-1353
The development and implementation of a hybrid discrete fracture network/equivalent porous medium (DFN/EPM) approach to groundwater flow at the Gyeong-Ju low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LILW) disposal site in the Republic of Korea is reported. The geometrical and hydrogeological properties of fractured zones, background fractures and rock matrix were derived from site characterization data and implemented as a DFN. Several DFN realizations, including the deterministic fractured zones and the stochastic background fractures, whose statistical properties were verified by comparison with in-situ fracture and hydraulic test data, were suggested, and they were then upscaled to continuums using a fracture tensor approach for site-scale flow simulations. The upscaled models were evaluated by comparison to in-situ pressure monitoring data, and then used to simulate post-closure hydrogeology for the LILW facility. Simulation results demonstrate the importance of careful characterization and implementation of fractured zones. The study highlighted the importance of reducing uncertainty regarding the properties and variability of natural background fractures, particularly in the immediate vicinity of repository emplacement. 相似文献
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Estimating the hydraulic properties of fractured aquifers is challenging due to the complexity of structural discontinuities that can generally be measured at a small scale, either in core or in outcrop, but influence groundwater flow over a range of scales. This modeling study uses fracture scanline data obtained from surface bedrock exposures to derive estimates of permeability that can be used to represent the fractured rock matrix within regional scale flow models. The model is developed using PETREL, which traditionally benefits from high resolution data sets obtained during oil and gas exploration, including for example seismic data, and borehole logging data (both lithological and geophysical). The technique consists of interpreting scanline fracture data, and using these data to generate representative Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) models for each field set. The DFN models are then upscaled to provide an effective hydraulic conductivity tensor that represents the fractured rock matrix. For each field site, the upscaled hydraulic conductivities are compared with estimates derived from pumping tests to validate the model. A hydraulic conductivity field is generated for the study region that captures the spatial variability of fracture networks in pseudo-three dimensions from scanline data. Hydraulic conductivities estimated using this approach compare well with those estimated from pumping test data. The study results suggest that such an approach may be feasible for taking small scale fracture data and upscaling these to represent the aquifer matrix hydraulic properties needed for regional groundwater modeling. 相似文献
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Shriram Srinivasan Jeffrey Hyman Satish Karra Daniel O’Malley Hari Viswanathan Gowri Srinivasan 《Computational Geosciences》2018,22(6):1515-1526
We propose a multi-fidelity system reduction technique that uses weighted graphs paired with three-dimensional discrete fracture network (DFN) modelling for efficient simulation of subsurface flow and transport in fractured media. DFN models are used to simulate flow and transport in subsurface fractured rock with low-permeability. One method to alleviate the heavy computational overhead associated with these simulations is to reduce the size of the DFN using a graph representation of it to identify the primary flow sub-network and only simulate flow and transport thereon. The first of these methods used unweighted graphs constructed solely on DFN topology and could be used for accurate predictions of first-passage times. However, these techniques perform poorly when predicting later stages of the mass breakthrough. We utilize a weighted-graph representation of the DFN where edge weights are based on hydrological parameters in the DFN that allows us to exploit the kinematic quantities derivable a posteriori from the flow solution obtained on the graph representation of the DFN to perform system reduction and predict the later stages of the breakthrough curve with high fidelity. We also propose and demonstrate the use of an adaptive pruning algorithm with error control that produces a pruned DFN sub-network whose predicted mass breakthrough agrees with the original DFN within a user-specified tolerance. The method allows for the level of accuracy to be a user-controlled parameter. 相似文献
4.
Upscaling methods such as the dual porosity/dual permeability (DPDP) model provide a robust means for numerical simulation of fractured reservoirs. In order to close the DPDP model, one needs to provide the upscaled fracture permeabilities and the parameters of the matrix-fracture mass transfer for every fractured coarse block in the domain. Obtaining these model closures from fine-scale discrete fracture-matrix (DFM) simulations is a lengthy and computationally expensive process. We alleviate these difficulties by pixelating the fracture geometries and predicting the upscaled parameters using a convolutional neural network (CNN), trained on precomputed fine-scale results. We demonstrate that once a trained CNN is available, it can provide the DPDP model closures for a wide range of modeling parameters, not only those for which the training dataset has been obtained. The performance of the DPDP model with both reference and predicted closures is compared to the reference DFM simulations of two-phase flows using a synthetic and a realistic fracture geometries. While the both DPDP solutions underestimate the matrix-fracture transfer rate, they agree well with each other and demonstrate a significant speedup as compared to the reference fine-scale solution.
相似文献5.
We present a discussion of the state-of-the-art on the use of discrete fracture networks (DFNs) for modelling geometrical characteristics, geomechanical evolution and hydromechanical (HM) behaviour of natural fracture networks in rock. The DFN models considered include those based on geological mapping, stochastic generation and geomechanical simulation. Different types of continuum, discontinuum and hybrid geomechanical models that integrate DFN information are summarised. Numerical studies aiming at investigating geomechanical effects on fluid flow in DFNs are reviewed. The paper finally provides recommendations for advancing the modelling of coupled HM processes in fractured rocks through more physically-based DFN generation and geomechanical simulation. 相似文献
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Groundwater flow in fractured rocks is modeled using a coupled model based on the domain decomposition method. In the model, the fractured porous medium is divided into two non-overlapping sub-domains. One is the rock matrix, in which the medium is described using a continuum model. The other consists of deep fractures and fissure zones, where the medium is described using a discrete fracture network (DFN) model. The two models are coupled through the continuity of the hydraulic heads and fluxes on the common boundaries. The coupled model is used to simulate groundwater flow in a hydropower station. The results show that the model simulates groundwater levels that are in agreement with the measured groundwater levels. Furthermore, the model’s parameters relating to deep fractures and fissure zones are verified by comparing three different models (the continuum model, coupled model, and DFN model). The results show that the coupled model can capture and duplicate the hydrogeological conditions in the study domain, whereas the continuum model overestimates and the DFN model underestimates the measured hydraulic heads. A sensitivity analysis shows that fracture aperture has a considerable effect on the groundwater level. So, when the fracture aperture is large, the coupled model or DFN model is more appropriate than the continuum model in the fracture domain. 相似文献
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L. Y. Hu Y. Liu C. Scheepens A. W. Shultz R. D. Thompson 《Mathematical Geosciences》2014,46(2):227-240
The multiple-point simulation (MPS) method has been increasingly used to describe the complex geologic features of petroleum reservoirs. The MPS method is based on multiple-point statistics from training images that represent geologic patterns of the reservoir heterogeneity. The traditional MPS algorithm, however, requires the training images to be stationary in space, although the spatial distribution of geologic patterns/features is usually nonstationary. Building geologically realistic but statistically stationary training images is somehow contradictory for reservoir modelers. In recent research on MPS, the concept of a training image has been widely extended. The MPS approach is no longer restricted by the size or the stationarity of training images; a training image can be a small geometrical element or a full-field reservoir model. In this paper, the different types of training images and their corresponding MPS algorithms are first reviewed. Then focus is placed on a case where a reservoir model exists, but needs to be conditioned to well data. The existing model can be built by process-based, object-based, or any other type of reservoir modeling approach. In general, the geologic patterns in a reservoir model are constrained by depositional environment, seismic data, or other trend maps. Thus, they are nonstationary, in the sense that they are location dependent. A new MPS algorithm is proposed that can use any existing model as training image and condition it to well data. In particular, this algorithm is a practical solution for conditioning geologic-process-based reservoir models to well data. 相似文献
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Manuel Valera Zhengyang Guo Priscilla Kelly Sean Matz Vito Adrian Cantu Allon G. Percus Jeffrey D. Hyman Gowri Srinivasan Hari S. Viswanathan 《Computational Geosciences》2018,22(3):695-710
Structural and topological information play a key role in modeling flow and transport through fractured rock in the subsurface. Discrete fracture network (DFN) computational suites such as dfnWorks (Hyman et al. Comput. Geosci. 84, 10–19 2015) are designed to simulate flow and transport in such porous media. Flow and transport calculations reveal that a small backbone of fractures exists, where most flow and transport occurs. Restricting the flowing fracture network to this backbone provides a significant reduction in the network’s effective size. However, the particle-tracking simulations needed to determine this reduction are computationally intensive. Such methods may be impractical for large systems or for robust uncertainty quantification of fracture networks, where thousands of forward simulations are needed to bound system behavior. In this paper, we develop an alternative network reduction approach to characterizing transport in DFNs, by combining graph theoretical and machine learning methods. We consider a graph representation where nodes signify fractures and edges denote their intersections. Using random forest and support vector machines, we rapidly identify a subnetwork that captures the flow patterns of the full DFN, based primarily on node centrality features in the graph. Our supervised learning techniques train on particle-tracking backbone paths found by dfnWorks, but run in negligible time compared to those simulations. We find that our predictions can reduce the network to approximately 20% of its original size, while still generating breakthrough curves consistent with those of the original network. 相似文献
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基于人工交叉裂隙模型,通过室内透水试验,利用电荷耦合元件（CCD）照相机可视化技术,对流体在裂隙交叉点内的非线性流动特性进行研究。建立两种离散裂隙网络（DFN）模型,考虑两种边界条件,改变模型进口和出口之间的压力,直接求解Navier-Stokes（简称N-S）方程,对DFN的非线性渗流特性进行研究。结果表明,室内试验可以观测到与出口3相连的裂隙单元内发生了明显的非线性流动,且通过模型的流量Q和模型两端的压力P具有非线性关系。数值计算结果也表明,在水力梯度J较大时（比如J > 0.1）,通过DFN的Q和P具有非线性关系,而当J较小时（比如J < 10-4）,Q与P线性相关;根据文中的算例,建议利用局部立方定律求解DFN内每条裂隙的渗流特性的临界条件为J ≤10-4;裂隙表面粗糙会造成通过DFN渗流量的降低,但对相对流量误差的影响可忽略不计。 相似文献
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The production efficiency of shale gas is affected by the interaction between hydraulic and natural fractures. This study presents a simulation of natural fractures in shale reservoirs, based on a discrete fracture network (DFN) method for hydraulic fracturing engineering. Fracture properties of the model are calculated from core fracture data, according to statistical mathematical analysis. The calculation results make full use of the quantitative information of core fracture orientation, density, opening and length, which constitute the direct and extensive data of mining engineering. The reliability and applicability of the model are analyzed with regard to model size and density, a calculation method for dominant size and density being proposed. Then, finite element analysis is applied to a hydraulic fracturing numerical simulation of a shale fractured reservoir in southeastern Chongqing. The hydraulic pressure distribution, fracture propagation, acoustic emission information and in situ stress changes during fracturing are analyzed. The results show the application of fracture statistics in fracture modeling and the influence of fracture distribution on hydraulic fracturing engineering. The present analysis may provide a reference for shale gas exploitation. 相似文献
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从目前裂缝性储层表征及建模研究现状入手,结合自身实践,详细介绍了裂缝性储层表征及建模研究中的各种方
法,分析了每种方法的优缺点。裂缝表征中主要使用的方法包括：野外露头分析法、岩心分析法、测井分析法、地震预测
分析法、动态响应分析法、岩石力学分析法。裂缝建模中主要使用离散裂缝网格模型和等效连续模型两种方法。其中,重
点介绍了分形理论在野外火山岩露头裂缝分析中的应用、数字岩心技术在微观裂缝表征中的应用、各种最新的地球物理及
岩石力学表征和预测裂缝的方法、动态裂缝在裂缝性油藏开发的作用、近年来国外学者所倡导的裂缝地层学理论、非常规
储层中的裂缝表征,以及上述两种裂缝地质建模方法。在此基础上,讨论了裂缝性储层表征及建模中存在的问题,最终指
出了该项研究未来发展的趋势。 相似文献
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This paper addresses the problem of explicit fractured media modelling in an operational case. On one side, realistic fracture models are mainly used for research purposes in order to investigate better the flow behaviour impacted by the complex multi-scale fracture network. Often, a very fine grid and hence an increased computation time are needed. On the other hand, an operational fractured reservoir is still generally modelled using an implicit fracture media representation. The upscaled petrophysical properties and dual media are defined on a coarse grid to limit the computational time of dynamic simulation. The challenge of this work is to demonstrate that an explicit fracture modelling is not reserved only for the research domain, but can be applied to an operational case study. The static model is constructed using a multiple point statistics approach in order to represent complex interaction patterns of fractures and faults observed at the analogue outcrop. The dynamic behaviour is simulated based on this spatial fracture network representation. 相似文献
18.
Tobias Lochbühler Guillaume Pirot Julien Straubhaar Niklas Linde 《Mathematical Geosciences》2014,46(5):625-645
Geophysical tomography captures the spatial distribution of the underlying geophysical property at a relatively high resolution, but the tomographic images tend to be blurred representations of reality and generally fail to reproduce sharp interfaces. Such models may cause significant bias when taken as a basis for predictive flow and transport modeling and are unsuitable for uncertainty assessment. We present a methodology in which tomograms are used to condition multiple-point statistics (MPS) simulations. A large set of geologically reasonable facies realizations and their corresponding synthetically calculated cross-hole radar tomograms are used as a training image. The training image is scanned with a direct sampling algorithm for patterns in the conditioning tomogram, while accounting for the spatially varying resolution of the tomograms. In a post-processing step, only those conditional simulations that predicted the radar traveltimes within the expected data error levels are accepted. The methodology is demonstrated on a two-facies example featuring channels and an aquifer analog of alluvial sedimentary structures with five facies. For both cases, MPS simulations exhibit the sharp interfaces and the geological patterns found in the training image. Compared to unconditioned MPS simulations, the uncertainty in transport predictions is markedly decreased for simulations conditioned to tomograms. As an improvement to other approaches relying on classical smoothness-constrained geophysical tomography, the proposed method allows for: (1) reproduction of sharp interfaces, (2) incorporation of realistic geological constraints and (3) generation of multiple realizations that enables uncertainty assessment. 相似文献
19.
Estimating regional-scale fractured bedrock hydraulic conductivity using discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Estimating bedrock hydraulic conductivity of regional fractured aquifers is challenging due to a lack of aquifer testing data and the presence of small and large-scale heterogeneity. This study provides a novel approach for estimating the bedrock hydraulic conductivity of a regional-scale fractured bedrock aquifer using discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling. The methodology is tested in the mountainous Okanagan Basin, British Columbia, Canada. Discrete fractures were mapped in outcrops, and larger-scale fracture zones (corresponding to lineaments) were mapped from orthophotos and LANDSAT imagery. Outcrop fracture data were used to generate DFN models for estimating hydraulic conductivity for the fractured matrix (K m). The mountain block hydraulic conductivity (K mb) was estimated using larger-scale DFN models. Lineament properties were estimated by best fit parameters for a simulated pumping test influenced by a fracture zone. Unknown dip angles and directions for lineaments were estimated from the small-scale fracture sets. Simulated K m and K mb values range from 10–8 to 10–7?m/s and are greatest in a N–S direction, coinciding with the main strike direction of Okanagan Valley Fault Zone. K mb values also decrease away from the fault, consistent with the decrease in lineament density. Simulated hydraulic conductivity values compare well with those estimated from pumping tests. 相似文献
20.
Recovery from incompletely water-wet fractured reservoirs can be extremely low. A reason for the low recovery is related to
wetting issues, whereas the reason for slow recovery can be the non-equilibrium behavior of capillary pressure. One of the
non-equilibrium theories is developed by Barenblatt et al. and it modifies both capillary pressure and relative permeabilities.
The other theory is developed by Hassanizadeh et al. and it only deals with non-equilibrium effects for capillary pressure.
To incorporate non-equilibrium in larger-scale problems, we apply homogenization to derive an upscaled model for fractured
reservoirs in which the non-equilibrium effects are included. We formulate a fully implicit three-dimensional upscaled numerical
model. Furthermore, we develop a computationally efficient numerical approach to solve the upscaled model. We use simulations
to determine the range of delay times and capillary-damping coefficients for which discernable effects occur in terms of oil
recovery. It is shown that at low Peclet numbers, i.e., when the residence time of the fluids in the fracture is long with
respect to the imbibition time, incorporation of delay times of the order of few months have no significant effect on the
oil recovery. However, when the Peclet number is large, the delay times reduce the rate of oil recovery. We discuss for which
values of the delay time (Barenblatt) and capillary-damping coefficient (Hassanizadeh), significant delays in oil production
occur. 相似文献