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1.
地球物理和地球化学异常是找矿的重要依据.地球物理和地球化学异常取决于地层、构造在成矿时间上的多样性与空间上排列、叠置的复杂性.地层、构造因素是构造、岩浆、沉积与成矿地球化学等多种动力学过程的综合反映.这些岩石和构造的因素以及动力过程相互渗透和影响决定了最终地质、地球物理与地球化学场.本文提出的在GIS环境下实现的分形奇异值分解(MSVD) 异常重建方法, 不仅可以提取地球物理和地球化学等异常, 而且能够进一步刻画其中的线性和环状构造、细微的局部纹理结构特征.该方法首先对地球物理和地球化学等网格数据进行二维矩阵的奇异值分解, 之后用左特征向量矩阵与右特征向量矩阵的直积构造一个正交完备基.地球物理和地球化学二维数据可以投影到该正交基上, 其投影系数是矩阵的奇异值.在该正交完备空间的某些子空间上对地球物理和地球化学等数据进行滤波.为了选择子空间, 本文定义了上述正交完备基中的能谱密度、能谱半径(或尺度) 与能量测度.在此基础上与空间域及频率域类比, 探讨了能量测度与能谱密度呈现分形(fractal和bifractal) 规律.利用分形关系的间断点, 设计分形奇异值重建算子, 实现对地球物理和地球化学异常的分解.以加拿大NovaScotia南部布格重力异常与As地球化学异常为例, 采用MSVD方法分解Au、Wu -Sn -U等已知矿有关的地球化学异常.发现重建异常能很好地用于解释已知矿点的分布规律.重建的地球化学异常显现了地球化学中的线状和环状异常; 重建的布格重力异常有效勾勒出原图中不易发现的纹理结构, 这些纹理结构可以合理地解释已知矿点在侵入岩体内及其周围的分布规律.应用实例表明, 该方法不仅可以从起因复杂的异常中区分出背景、异常场, 还可以识别代表了成矿源岩、流体、运移通道、赋存空间等异常因素引起的纹理、结构与构造特征.同时实现了GIS环境下交互可视化的MSVD处理与解释系统, 增强了地质异常定量分析的实用性与可操作性. 相似文献
2.
在研究和开发程度较低地区开展矿产预测，往往只能有很少矿产地用以建立定量预测模型，此时大多数统计分析方法不适用。一种GIS的基于“单元簇”概念的多源地学信息综合分析方法即Eigenface法，比较适合于只有一个模型单元时的建模。单元簇是相邻若干网格单元的空间定量组合Eigenface法先求出这种高维组合变量空间的某个低维特征子空间，然后计算未知单元簇和已知单元簇在特征子空间上投影点的距离来评价未知单元的的找矿有利性。Eigenface法与GIS集成是将单元作为区图元，利用GIS空间－属性分析功能提取预测信息并对单元和单元簇进行操作。以新疆乌斯拉台－亦格尔达坂地区铜铅锌银多金属矿产预测为例说明了其应用效果。 相似文献
3.
We present a micromechanical approach based on zero-thickness interface elements for modelling advanced localization and cracking states of cemented granular materials, such as reservoir sandstones. The proposed methodology is capable of reproducing the complex behaviour of intergranular and intragranular localization, cracking, and fracturing of rock formation that leads to sanding in hydrocarbon production. The model is calibrated at the macroscale, using only a few physical parameters, by reproducing the typical behaviour of compression element tests. The model exhibits clear transition behaviour from brittle dilatant to ductile compactant behaviour with increasing confining stress. The methodology is implemented for sand production prediction analysis based on the simulation of 2D micromechanical models of hollow cylinder cross sections. The obtained results are compared well with published experimental data from hollow cylinder tests characterized by strong scale effect in the range of small perforations. 相似文献
4.
This paper presents an integrated approach that predicts the microparameters of the particle flow code in three dimensions (PFC3D) model in triaxial compression simulations. The new approach combines a full factorial design (FFD) with an artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN model maps the input factors (triaxial compressive strength, Poisson’s ratio, and Young’s modulus) onto output variables, which are microparameters that affect the macroscopic responses in a PFC3D model. Emphasis is placed on data collection and optimization of the ANN model using FFD. The data for training and testing the ANN model were obtained from laboratory experiments and numerical simulations of a PFC3D model according to the principles of FFD. Using a backpropagation artificial neural network (BPNN) optimized with FFD principles, the object of the current study (to reliably predict the microparameters for a PFC3D model) has been achieved because the predicting data obtained by the BPNN model were in excellent agreement with the testing data. 相似文献
5.
Two-dimensional fields (maps) generated by isotropic and anisotropic multiplicative cascade multifractal processes are common
in many fields including oceans, atmosphere, the climate and solid earth geophysics. Modeling the anisotropic scaling property
and heterogeneity of these types of fields are essential for understanding the underlying processes. The paper explicitly
derives the eigenvalues and eigenvectors from these types of fields and proves that the eigenvalues and eigenvectors are described
by non-conservative multifractal distributions. This results in a new multifractal model implemented in eigen domain to characterize
2D fields not only with respect to overall heterogeneity and singularity as characterized by the ordinary multifractal model
applied to the field itself, but also with respect to orientational heterogeneity of the field. It may also result in a new
way to characterize the distribution of extreme large eigenvalues involved in other studies such as principal component analysis.
A newly defined operator and its properties as derived in this paper may be useful for studying other types of multifractal
cascade processes. 相似文献
7.
假定各物理量沿径向不变化,建立了低应变瞬态集中荷载作用下现浇大直径管桩振动响应的计算模型和波动方程。采用Laplace变换法,求得了波动方程的频域解析解,采用Fourier逆变换求得了时域响应。将文中解计算结果与三维频域解析解进行了对比分析,文中解的入射峰-反射峰时间差与三维频域解差别很小,说明对于PCC桩这种大直径薄壁管桩,采用径向不变假定对计算结果几乎没有影响。因此,在PCC桩低应变检测波形分析时,采用基于径向不变假定的二维解是完全合理的。将文中二维频域解的计算结果与二维时域解的结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,2种解在入射波、第一个桩底反射波、第二个桩底反射波峰值大小和到达时间非常吻合,这说明考虑环向位移与否对计算结果没有太大的影响,研究PCC桩低应变动力响应的问题时忽略水平方向的位移是完全可以的。 相似文献
8.
Project INDEPTH (InterNational DEep Profiling of Tibet and the Himalaya) is an interdisciplinary program designed to develop a better understanding of deep structures and mechanics of the Tibetan Plateau. As a component of magnetotelluric (MT) work in the 4th phase of the project, MT data were collected along a profile that crosses the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault on the northern margin of the plateau. Time series data processing used robust algorithms to give high quality responses. Dimensionality analysis showed that 2D approach is only valid for the northern section of the profile. Consequently, 2D inversions were only conducted for the northern section, and 3D inversions were conducted on MT data from the whole profile. From the 2D inversion model, the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault only appears as a crustal structure, which suggests accommodation of strike slip motion along the Altyn Tagh fault by thrusting within the Qilian block. A large-scale off-profile conductor within the mid-lower crust of the Qilian block was revealed from the 3D inversion model, which is probably correlated with the North Qaidam thrust belt. Furthermore, the unconnected conductors from the 3D inversion model indicate that deformations in the study area are generally localized. 相似文献
9.
提出了一种基于自组织特征映射(SOFM)的聚类分析和支持向量回归(SVR)的电力系统短期负荷预测方法。该方法首先利用自组织特征映射网络,通过无监督学习策略,对训练样本集进行聚类分析,将其分为若干相似子类;再针对每一子类构造一个支持向量回归(SVR)模型,以对应子类的样本集训练SVR模型。由于聚类后的每一子类的样本具有相似性,同时子类样本数较少,因此,该方法能够缩短训练时间,提高预测精度。基于某电网提供的历史负荷数据进行的不同方法对比实验说明了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
10.
The site characterization of unsaturated soils is well stablished based on laboratory tests, which are expensive and time-consuming. In-situ testing methods, such as the flat dilatometer test (DMT), are an alternative to the traditional approach of drilling, sampling, and laboratory testing. The literature on DMT interpretation is well established on saturated and well-behaved soils. Only few studies deal with DMT interpretation in unusual soils, and little is known about the influence of soil suction on this test. This paper presents and discusses the influence of soil suction on four DMT campaigns carried out in an unsaturated tropical soil site, also incorporating the soil suction influence on the DMT interpretation. Soil suction was estimated by the soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) and water content profiles. The water content profiles range from 11.3 to 19.7% which corresponds to a suction range estimated by SWCCs mostly between 6 and 200 kPa. Soil suction significantly influenced DMT data up to 5 m depth at the studied site (the unsaturated active zone) increasing the intermediate DMT parameters. The average horizontal stress index (KD) was equal to about 1.7 and the average dilatometer modulus (ED) was about 4.7 MPa in the active zone and practically doubled their values due to in situ soil suction. The estimated peak friction angle (?) was 20–30% higher due to soil suction influence on DMT assuming the soil behaves as a sand like material. Soil suction must be considered to assess the behavior of the investigated soil by the DMT. The suction influence should be incorporated in the effective stress and this approach considerably improved the site characterization of the studied site. 相似文献
11.
The subset simulation (SS) method is a probabilistic approach which is devoted to efficiently calculating a small failure probability. Contrary to Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) methodology which is very time-expensive when evaluating a small failure probability, the SS method has the advantage of assessing the small failure probability in a much shorter time. However, this approach does not provide any information about the probability density function (PDF) of the system response. In addition, it does not provide any information about the contribution of each input uncertain parameter in the variability of this response. Finally, the SS approach cannot be used to calculate the partial safety factors which are generally obtained from a reliability analysis. To overcome these shortcomings, the SS approach is combined herein with the Collocation-based Stochastic Response Surface Method (CSRSM) to compute these outputs. This combination is carried out by using the different values of the system response obtained by the SS approach for the determination of the unknown coefficients of the polynomial chaos expansion in CSRSM. An example problem that involves the computation of the ultimate bearing capacity of a strip footing is presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed procedure. The validation of the present method is performed by comparison with MCS methodology applied on the original deterministic model. Finally, a probabilistic parametric study is presented and discussed. 相似文献
12.
Analytical vibro-replacement design approaches typically quantify the settlement reduction using a dimensionless settlement improvement factor, defined as the ratio of the settlements without and with treatment. Most approaches do not explicitly consider the improvement to creep settlement. This is unfortunate because the ‘stone column’ technique is being increasingly used to reduce settlement and improve bearing capacity in soft normally consolidated and lightly overconsolidated cohesive soils (in which creep settlement tends to account for a significant proportion of the total settlement). Analytical design approaches typically consider primary settlement only. In this study, two-dimensional axisymmetric analyses have been carried out using PLAXIS 2D to establish the variation of improvement factor with time using different soil models, one of which incorporates creep behaviour. Two different approaches have been used to establish the influence of creep on predicted settlement improvement factors. The first approach is based on a direct comparison of two different soil models (one of which incorporates creep) whereas the second approach is based solely on the model incorporating creep. The settlement improvement factors have been evaluated for different area-replacement ratios, modular ratios and column lengths. The primary settlement improvement factors are in good agreement with some of the more popular analytical design methods while the creep settlement improvement factors are either equivalent or lower (depending on the approach used). The primary settlement improvement factors show a dependence on the modular ratio whereas it appears that the corresponding creep settlement improvement factors are relatively independent of it. 相似文献
14.
Conditioning complex subsurface flow models on nonlinear data is complicated by the need to preserve the expected geological connectivity patterns to maintain solution plausibility. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have recently been proposed as a promising approach for low-dimensional representation of complex high-dimensional images. The method has also been adopted for low-rank parameterization of complex geologic models to facilitate uncertainty quantification workflows. A difficulty in adopting these methods for subsurface flow modeling is the complexity associated with nonlinear flow data conditioning. While conditional GAN (CGAN) can condition simulated images on labels, application to subsurface problems requires efficient conditioning workflows for nonlinear data, which is far more complex. We present two approaches for generating flow-conditioned models with complex spatial patterns using GAN. The first method is through conditional GAN, whereby a production response label is used as an auxiliary input during the training stage of GAN. The production label is derived from clustering of the flow responses of the prior model realizations (i.e., training data). The underlying assumption of this approach is that GAN can learn the association between the spatial features corresponding to the production responses within each cluster. An alternative method is to use a subset of samples from the training data that are within a certain distance from the observed flow responses and use them as training data within GAN to generate new model realizations. In this case, GAN is not required to learn the nonlinear relation between production responses and spatial patterns. Instead, it is tasked to learn the patterns in the selected realizations that provide a close match to the observed data. The conditional low-dimensional parameterization for complex geologic models with diverse spatial features (i.e., when multiple geologic scenarios are plausible) performed by GAN allows for exploring the spatial variability in the conditional realizations, which can be critical for decision-making. We present and discuss the important properties of GAN for data conditioning using several examples with increasing complexity. 相似文献
16.
饱和半无限体表面透水性会影响表面波（瑞利波和斯通利波）存在及其传播特性。在表面透水情况下,只有瑞利波存在,而在不透水情况,不仅有瑞利波而且还有斯通利波。表面波在工程勘探及声波测试中扮演很重要角色,因此,有必要研究表面透水性对表面波传播特性的影响。采用薄层法,将表面波频率方程根的搜索问题转换成求特征值问题。根据表面波沿深度衰减特性,从一组计算的特征值及特征向量中筛选出与表面波对应特征值、特征向量,由特征值得到表面波频率特性（频散和衰减特性）,由特征向量得到孔隙压力、骨架位移随深度变化,进而分析在表面不透水情况下瑞利波和斯通利波影响深度及程度。 相似文献
17.
In this paper, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach is used for sampling of the permeability field conditioned on
the dynamic data. The novelty of the approach consists of using an approximation of the dynamic data based on streamline computations.
The simulations using the streamline approach allows us to obtain analytical approximations in the small neighborhood of the
previously computed dynamic data. Using this approximation, we employ a two-stage MCMC approach. In the first stage, the approximation
of the dynamic data is used to modify the instrumental proposal distribution. The obtained chain correctly samples from the
posterior distribution; the modified Markov chain converges to a steady state corresponding to the posterior distribution.
Moreover, this approximation increases the acceptance rate, and reduces the computational time required for MCMC sampling.
Numerical results are presented. 相似文献
18.
ABSTRACTGround improvement techniques are inevitable for weak soils that cannot endure the design load imposed by superstructures. Deep mixing technique (DMT) as one of these methods is promising and effective when a deep soil layer with low bearing capacity is encountered. Such deposits are quite common in the South-west of Iran where the studied site is located. In order to validate the influence of DMT on the enhancement of strength, both in-situ and laboratory tests were conducted. Afterwards, a parametric study was carried out to investigate the influence of key factors including cement content, water–cement ratio, curing time and plasticity index (PI) on the performance of DMT. In summary, a total of 192 different conditions were examined in this study by using two methods of 3D plotting and artificial neural networks (ANNs) as the optimisation tool. Results proved the importance of water–cement ratio as a key parameter in DMT. Based on the trained networks, ANN was revealed to give satisfactory predictions on the strength of an improved soil with different admixture conditions. More important, the optimisation made by ANN could determine the specific values for selected key admixture factors to reach a desired strength level with the coefficient of determination higher than 0.85. 相似文献
19.
如何有效地评价边坡的系统可靠度并识别出对边坡稳定性具有重要影响的关键滑面一直是边坡稳定性分析的关键问题。提出了基于广义子集模拟的边坡系统可靠度分析方法及代表性滑面识别方法,并推导了基于广义子集模拟的边坡系统可靠度计算公式及边坡中滑面对边坡系统失效的相对贡献量化公式。基于广义子集模拟计算结果,采用概率网络评价方法识别边坡代表性滑面。以一个双层黏性土坡和芝加哥国会切坡算例验证了所提方法的有效性。结果表明：提出的基于广义子集模拟的边坡系统可靠度分析方法可有效地估计边坡系统及其单一滑面的失效概率,对于具有低失效概率水平边坡可靠度的求解,其计算效率明显优于传统蒙特卡洛模拟方法。此外,对于单个失效模式而言,广义子集模拟与子集模拟计算效率相当。对于多个失效模式的失效概率计算问题,广义子集模拟不需要重复对每个失效模式失效概率进行计算,计算效率明显优于子集模拟。提出的代表性滑面选择方法是在系统失效概率及单滑面失效概率的高效计算基础上实现的,代表性滑动面能够较好地代表边坡系统失效,从而有效地降低了边坡系统失效概率对代表性滑面数目及代表性滑面失效概率估计准确性的依赖性。 相似文献
20.
The Zhonggu iron orefield is one of the most important iron orefields in China, and is located in the south of the Ningwu volcanic basin, within the middle and lower Yangtze metallogenic belt of eastern China. Here, we present the results of new 3D prospectivity modeling that enabled the delineation of areas prospective for exploration of concealed and deep-seated Baixiangshan-type mineralization and Yangzhuang-type mineralization within the Zhonggu orefield; both of these deposits are Kiruna-type Fe-apatite deposits but are hosted by different formations within the Ningwu Basin. The modeling approach used during this study involves 3 steps: (1) combining available geological and geophysical data to construct 3D geological models; (2) generation of 3D predictive maps from these 3D geological models using 3D spatial analysis and 3D geophysical methods; (3) combining all of the 3D predictive maps using logistic regression to create a prospectivity map. This approach integrates a large amount of available geoscientific data using 3D methods, including 3D geological modeling, 3D/2D geophysical methods, and 3D spatial analysis and data integration methods. The resulting prospectivity model clearly identifies highly prospective areas that not only include areas of known mineralization but also a number of favorable targets for future mineral exploration. The 3D prospectivity modeling approach showcased within this study provides an efficient way to identify camp-scale concealed and deep-seated exploration targets and can easily be adapted for regional- and deposit- scale targeting. 相似文献
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