共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
与共炮高斯波束偏移相比,共炮检距高斯波束偏移具有直接抽取炮检距域共成像点道集的优势.过去,共炮检距高斯波束偏移以损失成像精度的代价采用最速下降法来降低积分的维数,从而提高计算效率.但经过最速下降近似简化的偏移公式仍是频率域的,需要在每个频点进行计算.为此,本文提出一种快速实现算法来避免采用最速下降法.本文通过分析一个水平层状速度模型的偏移过程和Marmousi速度模型的成像结果来检验不同插值方法对快速实现算法的成像精度和计算效率的影响,并建议采用二维三次卷积插值方法.同时本文在Marmousi速度模型下验证了快速实现算法相对于最速下降法在成像精度和计算效率上的优势.此外,本文将采用二维三次卷积插值的快速实现算法应用于Sigsbee2A模型并获得了清晰的盐下图像. 相似文献
2.
Ziming Ke Alexander E. Yankovsky 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(9):929-938
A set of numerical experiments has been performed in order to analyze the long-wave response of the coastal ocean to a translating mesoscale atmospheric cyclone approaching the coastline at a normal angle. An idealized two-slope shelf topography is chosen. The model is forced by a radially symmetric atmospheric pressure perturbation with a corresponding gradient wind field. The cyclone's translation speed, radius, and the continental shelf width are considered as parameters whose impact on the long wave period, modal structure, and amplitude is studied. Subinertial continental shelf waves (CSW) dominate the response under typical forcing conditions and on the narrower shelves. They propagate in the downstream (in the sense of Kelvin wave propagation) direction. Superinertial edge wave modes have higher free surface amplitudes and faster phase speeds than the CSW modes. While potentially more dangerous, edge waves are not as common as subinertial shelf waves because their generation requires a wide, gently sloping shelf and a storm system translating at a relatively high (∼10 m s−1 or faster) speed. A relatively smaller size of an atmospheric cyclone also favors edge wave generation. Edge waves with the highest amplitude (up to 60% of the forced storm surge) propagate upstream. They are produced by a storm system with an Eulerian time scale equal to the period of a zero-mode edge wave with the wavelength of the storm spatial scale. Large amplitude edge waves were generated during Hurricane Wilma's landfall (2005) on the West Florida shelf with particularly severe flooding occurring upstream of the landfall site. 相似文献
3.
有别于传统基于梯度信息的反演方法在正则化约束中用总梯度逼近海塞逆矩阵的技术,本文将正则化约束问题的数据拟合项和模型光滑项分开考虑,只利用数据拟合函数的梯度信息对数据拟合项的海塞矩阵进行逼近,通过求解类高斯牛顿下降方向方程得到不依赖前几次迭代正则化因子的更精确下降方向,在求解当前迭代下降方向的过程中,通过保证右端项中两个向量的二范数在同一数量级的原则,实现了正则化因子的自动更新.对理论模型的试算表明这种自适应正则化反演方案可以在拟牛顿反演框架下基本达到OCCAM的算法稳定性,反演结果对初始模型依赖性较小,同时又无需在一次迭代中多次搜索最佳正则化因子.本文还基于此算法讨论了大地电磁各参数对于反演结果的影响,由于本文的反演结果能得到充分的正则化约束,因而在此框架下讨论阻抗和倾子在反演中的作用相对更为客观. 相似文献
4.
The seismic inversion problem is a highly non‐linear problem that can be reduced to the minimization of the least‐squares criterion between the observed and the modelled data. It has been solved using different classical optimization strategies that require a monotone descent of the objective function. We propose solving the full‐waveform inversion problem using the non‐monotone spectral projected gradient method: a low‐cost and low‐storage optimization technique that maintains the velocity values in a feasible convex region by frequently projecting them on this convex set. The new methodology uses the gradient direction with a particular spectral step length that allows the objective function to increase at some iterations, guarantees convergence to a stationary point starting from any initial iterate, and greatly speeds up the convergence of gradient methods. We combine the new optimization scheme as a solver of the full‐waveform inversion with a multiscale approach and apply it to a modified version of the Marmousi data set. The results of this application show that the proposed method performs better than the classical gradient method by reducing the number of function evaluations and the residual values. 相似文献
5.
In this paper, the four-dimensional variational data assimilation technique (4D-VAR) is presented as a tool to forecast floods. Our study is limited to purely hydrological flows and supposes that the weather, here a big rain, has been already forecasted by meteorological services. The technique consists in minimizing, in the sense of Lagrange, the cost function: a measure of the difference between calculated data and available observations, here the water level. This is done under constraints that are the equations of the physical model. In our case, we modified the shallow-water equations to include a simplified sediment transport model. The steepest descent algorithm is then used to find the minimum. This is made possible because we can compute analytically the gradient of the cost function by using the adjoint equations of the model. As an application of the 4D-VAR technique, the overflowing of the Chicoutimi River at the Chute-Garneau dam, during the 1996 flood, is investigated. It is found that the 4D-VAR method reduces the error in the water height forecast even when the erosion model is not activated. In terms of Lyapunov exponents, we estimate the predictability horizon of such an event to be about half-an-hour after a big rain. However, this limit of predictability can be increased by using more observations or by using a finer computational grid. 相似文献
6.
Zbynek Sokol 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1995,39(1):74-83
Summary A series of Helmholtz equations has to be solved in short-range weather forecast models which use a splitting scheme of integration. For these purposes the successive overrelaxation, the Gauss-Seidel relaxation, the conjugate gradient method, the steepest descent method, the full-multigrid method and the direct method based on the minimum degree algorithm were used and their efficiencies were compared. It was found that the full-multigrid method was the most efficient among the iterative methods in terms of computational time, and that the effect rapidly increased with the grid size. The direct method may be an appropriate approach if the solution is repeated for various right-hand sides, but it requires large auxiliary computer memory. The selection of the optimum method depends on the concrete problem being solved and on the computer memory available. 相似文献
7.
非线性波动方程地震反演的方法原理及问题 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
在解反射地震的非线性反问题时,目前都采用各种迭代算法(如梯度法、最速下降法及共轭梯度下降法等),并以拟合差取极小为准则.本文对这方面具有代表性的波动方程反演理论作分析评述,指出这种经典性方法的缺点和局限,以及发展非线性波动方程地震反演的方向. 相似文献
8.
We propose an optimized method to compute travel times for seismic inversion problems. It is a hybrid method combining several approaches to deal with travel time computation accuracy in unstructured meshes based on tetrahedral elementary cells. As in the linear travel time interpolation method, the proposed approach computes travel times using seismic ray paths. The method operates in two sequential steps: At a first stage, travel times are computed for all nodes of the mesh using a modified version of the shortest path method. The difference with the standard version is that additional secondary nodes (called tertiary nodes) are added temporarily around seismic sources in order to improve accuracy with a reasonable increase in computational cost. During the second step, the steepest travel time gradient method is used to trace back ray paths for each source–receiver pair. Travel times at each receiver are then recomputed using slowness values at the intersection points between the ray path and the traversed cells. A number of numerical tests with an array of different velocity models, mesh resolutions and mesh topologies have been carried out. These tests showed that an average relative error in the order of 0.1% can be achieved at a computational cost that is suitable for travel time inversion. 相似文献
9.
本文提出了一种基于模型空间压缩技术的大地电磁三维反演方法.该方法在传统大地电磁三维反演理论的基础上,通过小波变换将待反演的空间域模型参数映射到小波域进行反演,获得小波域更新模型后再通过小波逆变换得到空间域反演模型.由于小波变换具有压缩特性和多尺度分辨能力,本文反演方法可在一定程度上提高反演分辨率.为了提高反演效率,我们针对基于L_1范数的模型约束求解不易收敛的反演问题,提出了一种基于模型粗糙度的简单有效的预条件处理技术.为验证本文算法的有效性,本文首先对经典的"棋盘"模型进行三维反演测试.反演结果表明本文算法的反演效率与传统方法相当,但对于深部异常体具有更好的分辨能力.最后,我们通过对实测数据反演进一步验证本文算法的有效性. 相似文献
10.
Zhenghui Gao Jianguo Sun Hui Sun Xu Sun Ping Yu Mingchen Liu 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2017,61(3):575-586
In the past, prestack Gaussian beam migration adopted the steepest descent approximation to reduce the dimension of the integrals and speed up the computation. However, the simplified formula by the steepest descent approximation was still in the frequency domain, and it had to be evaluated at each frequency. To solve this problem, we present a fast algorithm by changing the order of the integrals. The innermost integral is regarded as a two-dimensional continuous function with respect to the real part and the imaginary part of the total traveltime. A lookup table corresponding to the value of the innermost integral is constructed at the sampling points. The value of the innermost integral at one imaging point can be obtained through interpolation in the constructed lookup table. The accuracy and efficiency of the fast algorithm are validated with the Marmousi dataset. The application to the Sigsbee2A dataset shows a good result. 相似文献
11.
全波形反演利用地震记录中的振幅、走时和相位等信息,通过拟合实际地震记录和计算波场来定量提取地下介质的弹性参数,进而为勘探地震成像、速度建模以及大尺度构造演化分析等提供可靠依据.但全波形反演计算量巨大,特别是应用于三维大区块叠前数据时,生产成本仍然很高.本文介绍并比较了时间域和频率域的全波形反演方法,综合两者的优点,最终采用混合域的反演算法,并且在此基础上做了进一步的简化以提高计算效率.针对全波形反演方法应用于大规模叠前数据时易陷入局部极小值的问题,我们提出对模型数据进行分割,同时在数个小模型内进行梯度搜索,然后对比各个局域的梯度,最终找出合适的全局下降方向,以克服局部极小的隐患.该方法能够充分利用GPU的硬件特性.在GPU环境下实现本文所提出的简化混合域全波形反演算法.数值计算实例体现出新方法具有良好的计算效率、反演精度和算法可扩展性. 相似文献
12.
Providing reliable and accurate storm surge forecasts is important for a wide range of problems related to coastal environments. In order to adequately support decision-making processes, it also become increasingly important to be able to estimate the uncertainty associated with the storm surge forecast. The procedure commonly adopted to do this uses the results of a hydrodynamic model forced by a set of different meteorological forecasts; however, this approach requires a considerable, if not prohibitive, computational cost for real-time application. In the present paper we present two simplified methods for estimating the uncertainty affecting storm surge prediction with moderate computational effort. In the first approach we use a computationally fast, statistical tidal model instead of a hydrodynamic numerical model to estimate storm surge uncertainty. The second approach is based on the observation that the uncertainty in the sea level forecast mainly stems from the uncertainty affecting the meteorological fields; this has led to the idea to estimate forecast uncertainty via a linear combination of suitable meteorological variances, directly extracted from the meteorological fields. The proposed methods were applied to estimate the uncertainty in the storm surge forecast in the Venice Lagoon. The results clearly show that the uncertainty estimated through a linear combination of suitable meteorological variances nicely matches the one obtained using the deterministic approach and overcomes some intrinsic limitations in the use of a statistical tidal model. 相似文献
13.
A common example of a large-scale non-linear inverse problem is the inversion of seismic waveforms. Techniques used to solve this type of problem usually involve finding the minimum of some misfit function between observations and theoretical predictions. As the size of the problem increases, techniques requiring the inversion of large matrices become very cumbersome. Considerable storage and computational effort are required to perform the inversion and to avoid stability problems. Consequently methods which do not require any large-scale matrix inversion have proved to be very popular. Currently, descent type algorithms are in widespread use. Usually at each iteration a descent direction is derived from the gradient of the misfit function and an improvement is made to an existing model based on this, and perhaps previous descent directions. A common feature in nearly all geophysically relevant problems is the existence of separate parameter types in the inversion, i.e. unknowns of different dimension and character. However, this fundamental difference in parameter types is not reflected in the inversion algorithms used. Usually gradient methods either mix parameter types together and take little notice of the individual character or assume some knowledge of their relative importance within the inversion process. We propose a new strategy for the non-linear inversion of multi-offset reflection data. The paper is entirely theoretical and its aim is to show how a technique which has been applied in reflection tomography and to the inversion of arrival times for 3D structure, may be used in the waveform case. Specifically we show how to extend the algorithm presented by Tarantola to incorporate the subspace scheme. The proposed strategy involves no large-scale matrix inversion but pays particular attention to different parameter types in the inversion. We use the formulae of Tarantola to state the problem as one of optimization and derive the same descent vectors. The new technique splits the descent vector so that each part depends on a different parameter type, and proceeds to minimize the misfit function within the sub-space defined by these individual descent vectors. In this way, optimal use is made of the descent vector components, i.e. one finds the combination which produces the greatest reduction in the misfit function based on a local linearization of the problem within the subspace. This is not the case with other gradient methods. By solving a linearized problem in the chosen subspace, at each iteration one need only invert a small well-conditioned matrix (the projection of the full Hessian on to the subspace). The method is a hybrid between gradient and matrix inversion methods. The proposed algorithm requires the same gradient vectors to be determined as in the algorithm of Tarantola, although its primary aim is to make better use of those calculations in minimizing the objective function. 相似文献
14.
We present a fast approximate method for three‐dimensional low frequency controlled source electro‐magnetic modeling. We apply the method to a synthetic model in a typical marine controlled source electromagnetic scenario, where conductivity and permittivity are different from the known background medium. For 3D configurations, fast computational methods are relevant for both forward and inverse modelling studies. Since this problem involves a large number of unknowns, it has to be solved efficiently to obtain results in a timely manner, without compromising accuracy. For this reason, the Born approximation, extended Born approximation and iterative extended Born approximation are implemented and compared with the full solution of the conjugate gradient fast Fourier transformation method. These methods are based on an electric field domain integral equation formulation. It is shown here how well the iterative extended Born approximation method performs in terms of both accuracy and speed with different configurations and different source positions. The improved accuracy comes at virtually no additional computational cost. With the help of this method, it is now possible to perform sensitivity analysis using 3D modelling in a timely manner, which is vital for controlled source electromagnetic applications. For forward modeling the solution at the sea‐bottom is of interest, because that is where the receivers are usually located. For inverse modeling, the accuracy of the solution in the target zone is important to obtain reasonably accurate conductivity values from the inversion using this approximate solution method. Our modelling studies show that the iterative extended Born approximation method is fast and accurate for both forward and inverse modelling. Sensitivity analysis as a function of the source position and different reservoir sizes validate the accuracy of the iterative extended Born approximation. 相似文献
15.
本文从能量泛函的角度着手,基于速度梯度,采用最速下降法推导了基于偏微分方程的速度模型平滑公式,用于解决射线类偏移成像过程当中速度模型的平滑处理问题.同时针对偏微分方程速度模型平滑系数中阈值k的选取对速度模型空间结构的影响,在简单的高速体速度模型上分析了不同k值的选取对原始速度模型空间结构的改变,并通过射线路径和时间场的对比分析证明偏微分方程速度模型平滑处理相对于卷积算子平滑的优越性.最后通过在Marmousi、Sigsbee2A原始速度模型以及平滑处理后的速度模型上的成像结果分析验证偏微分方程模型平滑的有效性. 相似文献
16.
The Bio-Ecological Drainage System (BIOECODS) is a sustainable drainage system, which adopts a “control at source” approach for urban storm water management in Malaysia. This study attempts to model a small-scale BIOECODS using InfoWorks SD. New modelling techniques are used to fully integrate the surface and on-line subsurface conveyance system, in which overland flow routing is described by a storm water management model that uses a nonlinear reservoir method and the kinematic wave approximation of the St Venant equation, and subsurface flow is described by the Horton method in conjunction with the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number (CN) method. The observed water levels at primary outlets are compared with those obtained from model simulation. The modelling approach has been proven successful as the hydrographs (predicted and observed) match each other closely, with a mean error in the range of 4.58–7.32%. Results from the model showed that the BIOECODS is able to attenuate peak flow by 60–75%, and increase the lag time by 20 min within an area of <28?300 m2 when compared with a traditional drainage system. 相似文献
17.
A. S. Trenhaile 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(10):1103-1128
A mathematical model was used to investigate the effect of glacially induced fluctuations in sea level on the evolution of wave‐cut shore platforms and erosional continental shelves during the Quaternary. The model used two deep‐water wave sets, which were used to calculate breaker height and depth, and the force of the waves at the waterline, according to the width and bottom roughness of the surf zone and the gradient of the submarine slope. The model also incorporated an erosional threshold related to the strength of the rocks, the number of hours each year in which the water level is at each intertidal elevation and the amount and persistence of the debris at the cliff foot. Most runs were made using a sea level model that consisted of 26 glacial cycles from 2 million to 0·9 million years ago, and nine, of approximately twice the amplitude and wavelength, in the last 0·9 million years. The model emphasized the dynamic association between the contemporary intertidal platform and the continental shelf. Both surfaces trend towards a state of static equilibrium under oscillating sea level conditions, when attenuated waves are unable to continue eroding the rock. If there has not been enough time to reduce the gradient of the shallower portions of the continental shelf, however, intertidal shore platforms can be in a temporary, though possibly long‐lasting, state of dynamic equilibrium. The model suggests that most platforms are, at least in part, inherited from one, or in many cases more, interglacial stages when sea level was similar to today's. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
重力数据包含较多的低频信息,重力梯度数据包含较多的高频信息,将重力数据和重力梯度数据进行联合反演得到的结果更加可信.本文基于聚焦反演方法,实现了这一过程.因为联合反演中分量种类增加,所以计算灵敏度矩阵所需要的时间增加,为此,本文提出了一种快速计算灵敏度矩阵的方法.因为联合反演对内存的要求增大,本文选择有限内存BFGS拟牛顿法求解反演问题.本文通过再加权的方法实现深度加权.文中利用单一分量的反演结果来预测异常体的埋深信息,随后将埋深信息结合到深度加权函数中,将其用于多分量组合反演计算.给出了模型试验,发现预测得到的异常体的埋深信息与其实际埋深存在偏差,但是将这一信息应用到反演计算,能够得到与真实模型一致的结果.之后,本文通过模型试验来探究重力和重力梯度联合反演的优势,发现将重力和重力梯度数据联合,能够识别出额外的噪声,反演得到的模型更加合理.但是,对于不同分量组合得到的反演结果是相近的,反演模型的提高很小.最后,将联合反演方法应用到美国路易斯安那州Vinton岩丘的实际数据中,结果显示,将重力和重力梯度数据联合反演,反演模型得到了提高,反演得到的结果与地质资料吻合. 相似文献
19.
Right-side bias in both sea surface cooling and phytoplankton blooms is often observed in the wake of hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere. This idealized hurricane modeling study uses a coupled biological-physical model to understand the underlying mechanisms behind hurricane-induced cooling and phytoplankton bloom asymmetry. Both a deep ocean case and a continental shelf sea case are considered and contrasted. Model analyses show that while right-side asymmetric mixing due to inertial oscillations and restratification from strong right-side recirculation cells contributes to bloom asymmetry in the open ocean, the well-mixed condition in the continental shelf sea inhibits formation of recirculation cells, and the convergence of water onto the shelf is a more important process for bloom asymmetry. 相似文献