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1.
Liu Yu 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2011,66(4):290-292
A model of the intrusion of high-density immiscible liquids into underground waters was compared to a model of variable-density
solution migration to solve the problem of high-density brine migration in underground fresh waters. As shown by the example
of brine occurrence in salt dumps, it is preferable to use the second model for real layered hydrogeological systems. 相似文献
2.
Fabien Magri Ulf Bayer Maja Tesmer Peter Möller Asaf Pekdeger 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(5):1075-1085
The occurrence of salty waters close to the surface is a well-known problem in the North East German Basin. Previous numerical
simulations showed that near-surface brine occurrences are due to the interaction of hydrostatic and thermally induced forces
(mixed convection). The influence of hydraulic permeabilities and thermal conductivities on the observed patterns remained
an open question. Based on a hydro-geochemical dataset, thermohaline simulations are carried out in order to quantify the
impact of these physical parameters on brine migration. The results indicate that the salinity and temperature profiles are
strongly controlled by hydraulic permeabilities and can locally be influenced by thermal conductivities. 相似文献
3.
Hydrochemical Dynamic Characteristics and Evolution of Underground Brine in the Mahai Salt Lake of the Qaidam Basin Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The mineral rock salts present in the Mahai Salt Lake of the Qaidam basin exhibit high solubilities in water. In addition, the multicomponent underground brine exhibits a high salinity and is easily precipitated. In the natural state, brine transport in the brine layer is extremely slow, and the brine is in a relatively stable chemical equilibrium state with the rock salt media. However, during mining, both the seepage and the chemical fields fluctuate significantly, thereby disrupting the equilibrium and leading to variations in the chemical composition and dynamic characteristics of the brine. Therefore, we selected underground brine from the Mahai Salt Lake, collecting a total of 183 brine samples over three stages of mining (i.e., the early stage of underground brine extraction, the initial stage of mining, and the later stage of mining). Using a range of analytical techniques, the chemical dynamics of the underground brine water and its evolution were systematically studied. We found that evaporation and enrichment were the main mechanisms of underground brine evolution in the Mahai Salt Lake, with cation exchange and mineral dissolution/precipitation being key factors in determining the dynamic characteristics and evolution of the brine. 相似文献
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论四川盆地地下卤水资源开发利用的现状及对策 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
四川盆地地下卤水资源储量大,卤水浓度较高,并含有I、Br、K、Li等多种有用组分。地下卤水多沿构造隆起部位富集,并具有天然气和卤水同层的特点。指出目前对地下卤水开发利用发展不均的现状,以及多以制盐为主,开发利用单一等现象。提出深化对地下卤水资源量的评价,加强对地下卤水综合利用的研究,组成跨行业的开发实体等建议。 相似文献
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中国硼矿主要矿集区及其资源潜力探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在分析中国硼矿床成因类型的基础上,将中国硼矿床划分沉积变质、现代盐湖沉积、矽卡岩和地下卤水4个矿床类型8个矿床式,最为重要的矿床类型为沉积变质型硼矿和现代盐湖型沉积硼矿床。在硼矿成矿区带划分方案的基础上,综合成矿规律、地质构造背景等因素划分出辽-吉沉积变质型、川-鄂地下卤水型、湘-桂矽卡岩型、西藏现代盐湖型和青海柴达木现代盐湖型5个硼矿矿集区。其中辽-吉老矿区深部和外围、川鄂区的地下卤水及盐湖硼矿的综合利用等方向尚有较大潜力。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(9-10):1269-1284
Chemistry of major and minor elements, 87Sr/86Sr, δD, and δ18O of oilfield waters, and 87Sr/86Sr of whole rock were measured from Paleozoic strata in the Central Tarim basin, NW China. The aim is to elucidate the origin and migration of formation water and its relation to petroleum migration. High salinity oilfield waters in Carboniferous, Silurian and Ordovician reservoirs have maintained the same Na/Cl ratio as seawater, indicative of subaerially evaporated seawater. Two possible sources of evaporitic water are Carboniferous (CII) and Cambrian, both of which contain evaporitic sediments. Geographic and stratigraphic trends in water chemistry suggest that most of the high salinity water is from the Cambrian. Strontium, H and O isotopes as well as ion chemistry indicate at least 3 end member waters in the basin. High-salinity Cambrian evaporitic water was expelled upward into Ordovician, Silurian and Carboniferous reservoirs along faults and fractures during compaction and burial. Meteoric water has likely invaded the section throughout its history as uplift created subaerial unconformities. Meteoric water certainly infiltrated Silurian and older strata during development of the CIII unconformity and again in recent times. Modern meteoric water enters Carboniferous strata from the west and flows eastward, mixing with the high salinity Cambrian water and to a lesser degree with paleometeoric water. The third end member is highly radiogenic, shale-derived water which has migrated eastward from the Awati Depression to the west. Enrichment of Ca and Sr and depletion of K, Mg, and SO4 relative to the seawater evaporation trajectory suggest waters were affected by albitization of feldspars, dolomitization, illitization of smectite, and SO4 reduction. The mixing of meteoric water occurred subsequently to seawater evaporation, main water-rock interactions, and brine migration. The direction of brine migration is consistent with that of petroleum migration, suggesting water and petroleum have followed the same migration pathways. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(6):609-632
Generally, the history of past sub-surface fluid movements is difficult to reconstruct. However, the composition of oil-field waters characterizes the origins and mixing processes that allow such a reconstruction. We have investigated present-day formation waters from Brent Group sedimentary rocks of the Oseberg Field in order to assess both their geochemical variations, and their origin(s). Water samples (sampled at the separator) produced from immediately above the oil–water contact and from the aquifer (water-saturated zone below the oil–water contact) were taken from 11 wells across the field. In addition, 3 trace water samples were extracted from oil produced from higher up in the oil column. The water samples were analysed for their chemical components and isotopic compositions. Conservative tracers such as Cl, Br, δD, and δ18O were used to evaluate the origin of the waters. All formation waters can be characterised as Na–Cl-brines. The separator samples are of aquifer origin, indicating that aquifer water, drawn up by the pressure reduction near the well, is produced from the lower few tens of metres of the oil-zone. By defining plausible endmembers, the waters can be described as mixtures of seawater (60–90%), meteoric water (10–30%), evaporated seawater (primary brines) (3–5%), and possibly waters which have dissolved evaporites (secondary brines). Alternatively, using multidimensional scaling, the waters can be described as mixtures of only 3 endmembers without presupposing their compositions. In fact, they are seawater, very dilute brine, and a secondary brine (confirming the power of this approach). Meteoric water was introduced into the reservoir during the end-Brent and early-Cretaceous periods of emergence and erosion, and partially replaced the marine pore fluids. Lateral chemical variations across the Oseberg Field are extremely small. The waters from closer to the erosion surfaces show slightly stronger meteoric water isotopic signatures. The primary and secondary brines are believed to come from Permian and Triassic evaporitic rocks in the deeply buried Viking Graben to the west, and to have been modified by water–rock interactions along their migration path. These primary basinal brines have not been detected in the oil–zone waters, suggesting that the brines entered the reservoir after the main phase of oil-migration. There are indications that these external fluids were introduced into the reservoir along faults. Present-day aquifer waters are mixtures of waters from different origins and hardly vary at a field-scale. They are different in composition to the water trapped in the present oil-zone. One of the oil-zone samples is a very dilute brine. It is thought to represent a simple mixture of seawater and meteoric water. Due to oil-emplacement, this geochemical signature was preserved in the waters trapped within the oil-zone. Another oil-zone water shows a very similar chemical signature to the aquifer waters, but the chlorine isotopic signature is similar to that of the dilute oil-zone water. This water is interpreted to represent a palaeo-aquifer water. That is, it was within the aquifer zone in the past, but was trapped by subsequent emplacement of more oil. These vertical differences can be explained by two features: (i) emergence of the Brent Group sedimentary rocks in the Early Cretaceous allowed ingress of meteoric water; (ii) subsequent rapid burial of Viking Graben rocks caused migration of petroleum and aqueous fluids into the adjacent, less deeply buried Oseberg Field. 相似文献
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川东北地区是近年来的找钾重点区。本文研究了三叠系嘉陵江组和雷口坡组的卤水储层特征、卤水化学特征和地下流体动力场,结果表明:川东北地区嘉陵江组和雷口坡组卤水储层主要为裂缝-溶孔型和白云岩型,属低孔低渗储层;宣汉—达州—开县—开江一带为中上扬子区的一个咸化凹陷,发育巨厚蒸发岩层,并且正好为流体越流浓缩成藏成矿区;该地区的卤水矿化度和钾离子含量较高,K+、Br+等离子含量达到卤水工业开采指标。综合分析川东北地区地下流体(气、水)的动力学特征,揭示地下流体动力场是二次富钾成矿的主要机制,在这一机制下,地层中封存的通过海水浓缩初始富钾形成的原始沉积水进一步浓缩富钾,并运聚至合适的构造-地层圈闭中,造就了该地区具备上气下水的耦合成藏成钾条件,有望成为"气钾兼探"的重要耙区。 相似文献
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富钾卤水的找钾指示意义——试论卤钾标志的一般性标准 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
卤钾标志是寻找钾盐矿床的直接标志.具体地区的钾异常下限可以称为卤钾标志的区域标准,而根据钾的成矿作用推理研究确定出来的钾异常下限称为一般性标准.本文讨论了成钾卤水和溶钾卤水的一般性标准,以及其应用基础的地下水成因研究. 相似文献
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四川盆地三叠系卤水分布广泛,品质优良,是工业价值最高,开发利用时间最久的主要层段。研究表明,卤水储集层岩石为低孔隙低渗透致密岩石,不利于卤水的运聚,而后期构造裂缝的发育,对卤水富集起到了主导的控制作用。 相似文献
14.
The formation of natural cryogenic brines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abraham Starinsky 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2003,67(8):1475-1484
The source of salts in the Ca-chloridic, hypersaline brines (up to 190 g Cl L−1) occurring in crystalline basement rocks in the Canadian, Fennoscandian and Bohemian Shields and their evolution have been investigated and reported. The Cl-Br-Na relationship indicates that these waters have been concentrated from seawater, by freezing during glacial times. The Na/Cl ratio (0.25 to 0.35) in the more saline fluids is compatible with cooling down to −30°C, where the most saline waters have been concentrated by a factor of 25 to 30 relative to the parent seawater.The brines formed from seawater within cryogenic troughs, along the subarctic continental margins, around ice sheets. The depressions within which the brines formed are the cryogenic analogues of the classic, evaporitic lagoon. One million years suffice to saturate with brine a 2000km-radius by 1km-depth rock volume at an H2O removal rate of only 2.8 mm/yr. Density-induced brine migration on a continental scale takes place via fissures below the ice.Our calculations, that were performed on a hypothetical ice sheet with dimensions compatible with the Laurentide ice sheet, demonstrate that during 1m.y., a 60m thick cryogenic sediment section could have formed. However, the precipitated minerals (mirabilite and hydrohalite) are repeatedly dispersed by the advance and retreat of the ice sheet, dissolved by melt water-seawater mixtures, and eroded during postglacial uplift, leaving almost no trace in the geological record.The cryogenic brines formed intermittently during and between glacial periods. The repeating advance and retreat of the ice sheets exerted a major control on the direction and intensity of brine flow. The cryogenic concentration of seawater and the migration of brine towards the center of the glaciostatic depression occurred mainly during the build up of the ice sheet, while reversal of the water flow from the center of the cryogenic basin outwards happened upon deglaciation. The flow of the waters in the subsurface was, inevitably, accompanied by significant dilution with melt water from the ice sheets.Using a “granitic” U concentration of 4 ppm and a (Ca-Mg mass balance based) rock/water ratio anywhere between 3.4 and 6.8 kg L−1, a few hundred thousand years of brine-rock interaction are sufficient for the growth of 129I in the most saline Canadian Shield brine to its present concentration (3.4×108 atoms 129I L−1). Hence, both the formation of the saline fluids and their emplacement in their present sites occurred most likely within the Pleistocene.The young age calculated for cryogenic brines in crystalline shields and the dynamic water flow therein should raise concern about the planning and construction of high-grade nuclear waste repositories in such rocks, which are already under way. 相似文献
15.
王东升 《华东地质学院学报》1988,(4)
本文讨论了地下盐卤水的分带性、同位素组成和浓度场的形成以及溴、碘、硼、锂、钾在地下盐卤水中的分布。从而认识到四川盆地从震旦系至白垩系不同类型的储集岩中赋存多层盐卤水,在成因上以沉积变质型盐卤水为主,溶滤型盐卤水次之。同时,还指出盐卤水矿化度与储集岩岩相、地球化学条件、构造及古水文地质条件密切相关。 相似文献
16.
Evaporite karst in Sicily 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Karst areas are distributed over most of Sicily. The most widespread karst rocks are carbonates, particularly limestones,
but karst phenomena can also be seen in evaporites and particularly in salt mines. This report provides an overview of evaporite
karst in Sicily, along with a “case history” that shows some of the evaporite karst risks to the environment. In the centre
and south of Sicily, a thick sequence of Messinian evaporite rocks are subject to dissolution from meteoric and formation
waters. In areas where potassium salts and rock salts are being mined, some geomorphologic changes result from the drilling
of boreholes and the collapse of underground mines, thus lowering or collapsing the land surface. An example is the old salt
mine “Muti-Coffari”, situated in the commune of Cammarata, where there is a modification of the surface flow of the River
Platani. Meteoric waters and runoff flow down through a borehole, enter the underground mine cavity and dissolve the salts,
and then the resulting brine flows into a branch of the river, making it salty. Field investigations showed the presence of
salt along the edges and on the bed of the stream where it comes out of the cave. Therefore, interventions for risk mitigation
are necessary since the old mine constitutes a serious danger for damage or collapse of nearby infrastructures, and can lead
to degradation of the river ecosystem and the natural environment. 相似文献
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１５～１９世纪中国与欧洲均以柴草和煤炭为燃料，经提升、运输等程序把海水、地下卤水运至熬盐场进行熬盐。欧洲使用木管输卤，用方型铁锅或铅锅熬制，而中国则用竹管输卤，以圆型铁锅和竹盘熬制，同时中国还采用天然气为熬盐燃料。把海水分段（池）日晒蒸发制卤、结晶制盐的工艺，欧洲始于中世纪末，中国则形成于唐（盐池卤水），完善于明，并逐渐向沿海扩展。中国于１８３５年凿成世界上第一口深逾千米的盐井；欧洲于１６世纪末，在地下１２０ｍ深处用水平巷道开采盐矿。中世纪末，欧洲用采矿法和水溶法开采地下盐，１７９２年从５０ｍ深的井下用蒸气机代替马匹汲取卤水。 相似文献
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锂作为一种新能源、新材料,对国民经济建设及国防安全保障具有重要的战略意义。卤水中液体锂为锂资源的主要来源之一。四川盆地自贡地区地下卤水资源丰富,但开发利用方式较为单一。前人对自流井背斜卤水中的锂资源研究较少,但已有数据均表明局部卤水中Li+含量达单独开采工业品位的2~4倍,具有较高的开采价值。近年来,对自贡地区的地下卤水资源分布情况进行了调查,对有利地区采集的样品进行了分析,结果表明: 锂资源已达边界品位的3~4倍、最低工业品位的2倍以上; Li+与Na+、K+、$NH^{+}_{4}$、Cl-含量呈明显的正相关,卤水中Na+、K+、$NH^{+}_{4}$、Cl-的含量可作为Li+含量的间接指示; 降低卤水中Mg/Li值能够有效控制提锂成本; 相比于黄卤,黑卤有较低的Mg2+和较高的Li+、Na+、K+、$NH^{+}_{4}$及Cl-。通过综合分析认为,邓井关背斜的轴部黑卤密集分布地区可作为锂资源的找矿靶区。 相似文献
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采集于塔里木盆地东部罗布泊地区的地下卤水中稀有气体具有高于大气的值,显示出有高3He/4He值源区流体的贡献。这揭示了该区域深部存在壳-幔流体相互作用,深部地幔流体可能沿活动构造断裂带(比如阿尔金断裂带)上涌。其卤水释出气的4He/20Ne比值在0.572～2.105,略高于大气值至7倍于大气值,这表明罗布泊的地下卤水对大气是比较开放的,即受到近地表流体或大气的混染。同时,采集于塔里木盆地北缘库车盆地(又叫库车坳陷)的2件样品具有远低于大气的R值,其4He/20Ne比值为585.3～84.8,是大气值的数百倍,说明该区地下卤水源自于构造稳定的深部地壳,近地表流体对卤水的改造不明显而没有强烈地改变其R值。样品的40Ar/36Ar比值均接近于大气值(295.5),这揭示了近地表流体参与了源区卤水的运移与改造,只是库车盆地地下卤水受到近地表流体改造的程度较低。如果扣除大气(来自浅层流体)的混染,那么罗布泊地下卤水的R值将会比实际检测到的值更高,这进一步揭示了地幔流体参与了罗布泊地下卤水的形成演化。中国西北地区具有地壳厚、盆地长期稳定的特点,因此地幔流体活动不易出露于地表,但地幔流体所携带的地幔物源和热源会通过断裂带而影响地壳流体的特征。 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to shed light on the hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst underground waters at shallow depth in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province with an emphasis on the geochemistry of major elements. Guiyang City bears abundant underground waters and it is also an important representative of the karst areas throughout the world. Ca^2 and Mg^2 are the dominant cations, accounting for 81% -99.7% of the total, and HCO3^- and SO4^2- are the dominant anions. Weathering of limestones and dolostones is the most important factor controlling the hydrogeochemistry of underground waters, and weathering of sulfate and evaporite rocks is less important. Moreover, the precipitation and human activities also have a definite influence on the hydrogeoehemistry of underground waters in the region studied. 相似文献