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1.
灵台红粘土—黄土—古土壤序列频率磁化率的古气候意义 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
通过对甘肃灵台晚新生代红粘土－黄土－古土壤序列的磁化率测量和频率磁化率分析，发现红粘土及黄土－古土壤的磁化率和频率磁化率化率存有良好的正相关关系，表明两套沉积在成壤过程中由生物作用或化学作用而形成的超顺磁性矿物含量，对磁化率和频率磁化率增大有重要的贡献。相比化率而言，受影响因素较少的频率磁化率变化，反映了不同气候条件下形成的超顺磁粒级铁磁矿物的相对含量，能更真实、敏感地记录不同时间尺度的古气候波动。灵台红粘土－黄土－古土壤序列的频率磁化等在2．6MaBP前后不同的变率特征，揭示了大冰期来临前后黄土高原的冷暖、干湿反差产生了显著变化，而与此相关的冬、夏季风变迁则表现出不同的组合特征。 相似文献
2.
Zhou Weijian Douglas J. Donahue Stephen C. Porter Timothy A. Jull Li Xiaoqiang Minze Stuiver An Zhisheng Eiji Matsumoto Dong Guangrong 《Quaternary Research》1996,46(3):219-229
High-resolution paleomonsoon proxy records from peat and eolian sand–paleosol sequences at the desert–loess transition zone in China denote a rapid oscillation from cold–dry conditions (11,200–10,60014C yr B.P.) to cool–humid conditions (10,600–10,20014C yr B.P.), followed by a return to cold–dry climate (10,200–10,00014C yr B.P.). Variations in precipitation proxies suggest that significant climatic variability occurred in monsoonal eastern Asia during the Younger Dryas interval. Late-glacial climate in the Chinese desert–loess belt that lies downwind from Europe was strongly influenced by cold air from high latitudes and from the North Atlantic via the westerlies. The inferred precipitation variations were likely caused by variations in the strength of the Siberian high, which influenced the pressure gradient between land and ocean and therefore influenced the position of the East Asian monsoon front. 相似文献
3.
本文作者主张：古气候演化的动力机制研究应从动力因子和动力过程两个方面人手。通过对比东亚冬季风、夏季风、印度季风及全球冰量变化的时间特征和频率特征，我们得到以下认识：１)大致在过去０．８Ｍａ这个时段，东亚冬、夏季风基本上具同相位、同周期的互为消长演化特征；２)东南季风演化具０．１Ｍａ的主导周期，而印度季风变化则以较短周期为主；３)东亚冬、夏季风与全球冰量变化在时间范畴上可作很好的对比，尤其是这三者均含有主导性的０．１Ｍａ周期。在此基础上，本文提出东亚季风演化的“全球冰量驱动模式”，并初步讨论了东亚季风变化对全球冰量变化响应的动力过程。 相似文献
4.
A 4.96-m-long sediment core from the Hanon paleo-maar in Jeju Island, Korea was studied to investigate the paleoclimatic change and East Asian monsoon variations during the latest Pleistocene to early Holocene (23,000-9000 cal yr BP). High-resolution TOC content, magnetic susceptibility, and major element composition data indicate that Jeju Island experienced the coldest climate around 18,000 cal yr BP, which corresponds to the last glacial maximum (LGM). Further, these multi-proxy data show an abrupt shift in climatic regime from cold and arid to warm and humid conditions at around 14,000 cal yr BP, which represents the commencement of the last major deglaciation. After the last major deglaciation, the TOC content decreased from 13,300 to 12,000 cal yr BP and from 11,500 to 9800 cal yr BP, thereby reflecting the weakening of the summer monsoon. The LGM in Jeju Island occurred later in comparison with the Chinese Loess Plateau. Such a disparity in climatic change events between central China and Jeju Island appears to be caused by the asynchrony between the coldest temperature event and the minimum precipitation event in central China and by the buffering effect of the Pacific Ocean. 相似文献
5.
黄土高原和南海陆架古季风演变的生物记录与Heinrich事件 总被引：25，自引：2，他引：23
宝鸡黄土中０．１５Ｍａ以来植物硅酸体研究表明,年均温度、１月份和年均降水量的变化与深海氧同位素变化有很好的一致性,而７月份降水量的变化与印度洋反映季风强弱的粒度变化相类似。南海陆架孢粉研究发现,１４７００—１３９００ａＢ．Ｐ．和２２９００一２０６００ａＢ．Ｐ．气候变冷期与北大西洋沉积物中Ｈ１、Ｈ２变冷事件存在成因上的联系。全球冰量通过冬季风等因素在“轨道尺度”上可能影响了夏季风对特定地区的控制时间,从而控制了黄土区气候的年均状况,但没有影响夏季风固有的变化周期和振幅。由低纬夏季太阳辐射控制的夏季风以其准２００００ａ周期叠加在冬季风所具有的准０．１Ｍａ周期上。冬、夏季风的演化行为具有较强的相对独立性,冬、夏季风同时减弱或增强的情况是存在的。Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ事件在东亚地区不仅影响了冬季风而且影响了夏季风。 相似文献
6.
沙漠－黄土边界带地处东亚季风边缘，这一地区的风成沉积即古风成砂－黄土－古土壤序列很好地反映了东亚季风环流的演变历史。末次间冰期的沉积(Ｓ１)由三层古土壤和夹于其间的两层黄土组成，可与深海氧同位素阶段５的五个亚阶段(ａ－ｅ)则很好对比。末次冰期的沉积(Ｌ１)由三层古风成砂和夹于其间的两层黄土构成，由此反映了与上述三层古风成砂对应的阶段２、阶段４及阶段３的中期是沙漠－黄土边界带冬季风活动加剧、沙漠扩大的时期。全新世的沉积是由一层草原上(Ｓ０)和其上的流沙组成，但这层流沙是在最近两千年来不合理的人类活动和当地特定风场条件的共同作用下形成，已不具备明显的气候指示意义。 相似文献
7.
三门峡地区末次盛冰期至全新世早期的古季风事件 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过三门峡地区小刘寺剖面黄土- 古土壤序列磁化率曲线和粗颗粒组分含量曲线的研究,发现它们分别指示的夏季风和冬季风变迁在末次冰消期向全新世转变时的新仙女木事件中显示不同的变化特征。夏季风的加强过程对应于冬季风的大幅度波动,气候为凉湿背景上的冷湿与暖湿振荡。冰后期的早期为全新世第一暧期。夏季风强盛对应于冬季风衰弱的湿暖气候,它由夏季风锋面降水的穿时性所决定,在华北地区为全新世适宜期。8 kaBP 前后为夏季风偏弱对应于冬季风偏强的干冷气候,是具有普遍意义的全新世第一冷期。这3 次古季风事件可与格陵兰冰芯记录进 相似文献
8.
洛川黄土记录的最近2500ka东亚冬夏季风变化周期 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
对厚约１４０ｍ的陕西洛川坡头村黄土剖面进行间距３～１０ｃｍ的系统采样,测量了全部样品的磁化率和粒度,选择〉３０μｍ颗粒百分含量和磁化率分别作东亚冬,夏季风强度变化的替代性指标,以新建立的时间标尺为基础,分析了最近２５００ｋａ以来东亚季风变化的周期特征。结果表明,第四纪东亚冬,夏季风变化时间序列包括含有１００ｋａ,４１ｋａ和２３ｋａ地球运动轨道要素变化的周期,同时包含有约８０ｋａ,５６ｋａ和３０ｋａ 相似文献
9.
Data on glacier, tree-line, tree-ring, pollen, and ice-core variations in North America, Greenland, and Europe during the last 2000 yr (up to A.D. 1800) are compared in detail on the century time scale. Only data that may be indicative of summer temperature changes are included, since these comprise most of the available paleoclimatic information, although some variations (especially of glaciers) may have been in response to precipitation changes instead. Radiocarbon dates and 14C-dated records are converted to calendar (dendrochronological) years using the calibration of M. Stuiver (1982, Radiocarbon 24, 1–26). Despite the basic uncertainties in dating, interpretation, response times, and “noise level” of proxy climatic data, there is at times good agreement among different kinds of evidence from within a region to suggest an episode of generally warmer or cooler summers. Three previously identified episodes find expression in records from all of the regions considered: the “Little Ice Age” of the last few centuries, a “Medieval Warm Period” around the 12th century A.D., and an earlier cold period some time between the 8th and 10th centuries. However, the timing of minima and maxima within these episodes seems to have varied from region to region (although the evidence is consistent within regions). In the 15th century, summers were warm in the eastern Canadian Arctic and southern Greenland while there was a cold episode in Europe and western North America. 相似文献
10.
Grain size and magnetic susceptibility measurements on samples from a typical loess–palaeosol sequence on the central Chinese Loess Plateau are used to reconstruct the Pleistocene East Asian monsoon climate. The coarse‐grained fraction, i.e. the weight percentage > 30 μm of the bulk grain‐size distribution, is used as a sensitive proxy index of the East Asia winter monsoon strength. On the basis of an absolute time‐scale, time‐series variations of this proxy show that winter monsoon strengths varied on millennial time‐scales during the periods 145–165, 240–280, 320–350, 390–440, 600–640, 860–890, 900–930 and 1330–1400 kyr BP. The wavelength of these climatic oscillations varied between 1.89 and 4.0 kyr, as is shown by spectral analysis using the multitaper method. Although numerical simulation experiments show that high frequencies also can arise from measurement errors in the grain‐size analysis, the frequencies prove to be sufficiently stable when the spectral analysis is repeated with a different number of tapers. For the time being, we do not correlate these climatic oscillations with palaeoclimatic records in the North Atlantic deep‐sea sediments because both time‐scales need to be further improved. Our data, however, certainly demonstrate that millennial‐scale East Asian winter monsoon variations in the last 1.4 million years can be detected from terrestrial loess records. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
本文用末次冰期北美大冰盖南缘的风尘堆积记录来重建末次盛冰期的亚极地环境变化.磁化率、有机碳含量和潜育化程度的资料表明,末次盛冰期的前期(约21000～15000aB P.)植被覆盖较差,而后期(15000～10000aB.P.)植被覆盖较好,15 000aB.P.环境发生了急剧的变化,磁化率曲线显示了大约1000a的氧化-还原周期.这种大约1000a的环境变化周期很可能由低纬地区的海洋和大气的扰动所驱动,这种扰动的能量通过北美大冰盖及时地传递到北大西洋. 相似文献
12.
《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》1999,24(9):785-792
Previous work has demonstrated that magnetic properties and sediment particle size of Chinese loess deposits provide information on past behaviour of Chinese summer and winter monsoons, respectively (Heller and Evans, 1995; Derbyshire et al, 1997). It has been suggested that the East Asian winter monsoon system in particular is teleconnected on earth orbital and sub-orbital timescales to climatic states and events in high northern latitudes, especially northern hemisphere ice volume and Heinrich events, (Porter and An, 1995; Chen et al., 1997). However, the majority of this research has been performed around the central part of the Chinese Loess Plateau where the rate of dust accumulation is relatively low, thus limiting the potential resolution of palaeoclimatic records. Here we present a high resolution (5mm / ~20 yr interval) magnetic susceptibility record from an thick loess deposit located at Caoxian in the north-western part of the Loess Plateau. The record spans the “Lateglacial” (last glacial / interglacial transition) and when placed on a palaeomagnetic chronology shows a relationship with the GISP2 proxy air temperature record from Greenland (Grootes et al., 1993; Meese et al., 1994; Stuiver et al 1995). The results demonstrate that several Lateglacial climatic fluctuations previously reported in the North Atlantic region and in Europe are also recorded in China. In addition, the apparent absence of a signal corresponding to the Bølling Interstadial in China during the early deglaciation suggests that, at certain times, the apparent North Atlantic — Asian monsoon teleconnection may have collapsed. The demonstrated ability of the loess deposits to resolve sub-millennial scale climate variations points to their potential as a previously unexplored archive for very high-resolution studies of terrestrial climate. 相似文献
13.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》1999,18(8-9):1127-1135
We present the results of high-resolution multi-proxy climate studies of the S1 palaeosol, corresponding to oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 5, from the northwestern margin of the Chinese Loess Plateau area. Here, S1 is much thicker (ca. 6–8 m) than in the central Loess Plateau areas (ca. 2 m), where most previous studies have been conducted. Hence, much higher-resolution stratigraphic studies are possible, yielding more insight into the temporal variations of the East Asian monsoon during MIS 5. The frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility, as well as the concentration of secondary carbonate, is used as an indicator of the summer monsoon intensity, and the median particle size as an indicator of the winter monsoon intensity. The results suggest that the northwestern margin of the Chinese Loess Plateau experienced the strongest summer monsoon intensity in sub-stage (OISS) 5e and the weakest in OISS 5a, among the three warmer periods during stage 5. The summer monsoon was weaker in OISS 5b than in OISS 5d. A dusty interval interrupted the second warmer period (5c) and a soil-forming event interrupted the first colder period (5d). The results also suggest that the directions of changes in the intensities of summer and winter monsoons may not always have been proportionately opposite. For example, the weakest summer monsoon occurred in OISS 5a during which the winter monsoon was not the strongest. We further conclude that the winter monsoon during the last interglacial was probably driven by global ice volume fluctuations, while the summer monsoon was primarily controlled by the northern hemisphere solar insolation and was probably modified by a feedback mechanism. That is, the climatic buffering effect of low-latitudinal oceans may have distorted the response of the summer monsoon to insolation variations. Finally, our results do not show the degree of climatic instability comparable to that recorded in the GRIP ice core for the last interglacial (OISS 5e), even though the study area is situated in a region which has been sensitive to climatic changes. 相似文献
14.
文章基于15个剖面,采用土壤学使用的风化成壤强度指数(游离铁FeD/全铁FeT),对黄土高原S0,L1,S1,S4,S5-1层位的风化成壤强度的空间变化进行研究,并与磁化率反映的特征进行对比。结果表明,冰期(黄土层)和间冰期(古土壤层)的风化成壤强度均呈现由东南向西北减弱的特征,与现代季风气候的基本格局一致。然而,冰期时(以L1为代表)整个黄土高原南北气候梯度很弱,间冰期南北气候梯度远大于冰期,反映了冰期时夏季风环流对黄土高原影响很小,南北气候梯度更多体现了气候带的纬度效应。结果同时表明,间冰期时黄土高原地区风化成壤强度和南北气候梯度不具严格的对应关系。S1和S5-1指示了当时较强的夏季风环流,冬季风的影响相对亦较强,而S0和S4发育时期高原南北风化成壤强度的梯度明显减小,反映了当时黄土高原在夏季风影响的背景下,冬季风的影响亦减弱,导致南北梯度的减小。因此,黄土高原风化成壤强度的空间变化指示了冬、夏季风环流不同的消长关系,对研究高低纬度气候驱动力的相互作用具有重要意义。 相似文献
15.
本文系统地测试了陕西洛川黄土-古土壤剖面中的Rb,Sr含量和磁化率。通过对比该剖面2．50MaB．P．以来Rb／Sr曲线和磁化率曲线,发现两者的形状和变化的相位十分相似,然而两者的相对振幅却有明显的差别。Rb／Sr曲线记录了0．80MaB．P．左右一次重要的气候转型界面,揭示了黄士和古土壤内部次一级的气候波动旋回,反映了早更新世黄土高原较温暖潮湿的特点以及更新世以来气候由湿向干的变化趋势。研究表明,Rb／Sr值可以作为衡量东亚夏季风环流强度变化的较为敏感的替代性指标。 相似文献
16.
Cheng Zhao Zhonghui Liu Eelco J. Rohling Zicheng Yu Weiguo Liu Yuxin He Yan Zhao Fahu Chen 《Quaternary Research》2013
Arid Central Asia (ACA) lies on a major climatic boundary between the mid-latitude westerlies and the northwestern limit of the Asian summer monsoon, yet only a few high-quality reconstructions exist for its climate history. Here we calibrate a new organic geochemical proxy for lake temperature, and present a 45-yr-resolution temperature record from Hurleg Lake at the eastern margin of the ACA in the northern Tibetan Plateau. Combination with other proxy data from the same samples reveals a distinct warm–dry climate association throughout the record, which contrasts with the warm–wet association found in the Asian monsoon region. This indicates that the climatic boundary between the westerly and the monsoon regimes has remained roughly in the same place throughout the Holocene, at least near our study site. Six millennial-scale cold events are found within the past 9000 yr, which approximately coincide with previously documented events of northern high-latitude cooling and tropical drought. This suggests a connection between the North Atlantic and tropical monsoon climate systems, via the westerly circulation. Finally, we also observe an increase in regional climate variability after the mid-Holocene, which we relate to changes in vegetation (forest) cover in the monsoon region through a land-surface albedo feedback. 相似文献
17.
18.
Charlotte A. Brunner 《Quaternary Research》1982,17(1):105-119
Late Quaternary paleotemperatures and paleosalinities of surface waters of the Gulf of Mexico were estimated using a multivariate statistical analysis of census data of planktonic foraminifera. Two climatic extremes were selected for detailed basinwide study, the climatic optimum 125,000 yr ago and the glacial maximum 18,000 yr ago. In addition, patterns of climatic change were examined in seven piston cores from 127,000 yr ago to the present day. During the climatic optimum 125,000 yr ago temperature distributions in surface waters were similar to those of the present. The 22°C winter isotherm trended northeastward across the central basin and paleotemperatures decreased northward. Summer distributions were nearly homogeneous and ranged between 28° and 29°C. Winter salinities were 1‰ fresher than present values in the northmost Gulf and 0.4‰ fresher in the central basin. Summer salinities were similar during both times. In contrast, during the last glacial maximum temperatures were 1° to 2°C cooler in winter and 1°C cooler in summer, and isotherms formed a circular pattern in the Gulf during both seasons. Salinity was 0.3‰ fresher in winter than at present but 0.6‰ saltier in summer. Conditions deteriorated from the climatic optimum to the glacial maximum. In the Mexico Basin, winter temperatures were 2°C cooler from 75,000 to 45,000 yr ago (Y6 to Y3 Subzones), summer temperatures reached a minimum (3°C cooler) 32,000 yr ago (Y2–Y3 boundary), and seasonality reached minimal values (5°C) from 45,000 to 15,000 yr ago. All three parameters became similar in value to those in the Straits of Florida from 45,000 to 15,000 yr ago, suggesting that the exchange of surface waters was enhanced at this time between the two regions. Summer salinities remained similar to present conditions in the Mexico Basin, whereas, winter salinities increased 2‰ by 32,000 yr ago and then fell 0.5‰ until the glacial maximum ended. The Westerlies may have migrated southward over the Mexico Basin in winter from 32,000 to 15,000 yr ago. 相似文献
19.
通过对青藏高原东北缘的民和黄土的磁化率、粒度、CaCO3和TOC等气候载体进行综合测试分析，可以将青藏高原东北缘黄土1．90～0．70MaB．P．段划分出7个气候阶段。对民和黄土的气候分析表明，1．10MaB．P．(民和黄土的L11黄土层)前气候差异较小，冬夏季风不强，对抗性较弱，黄土古土壤发育不明显，厚度较薄；10MaB．P．后，冬夏季风对抗性迅速增强，气候差异性增强。将民和黄土与其他地区以及深海沉积物氧同位素记录进行对比可以发现，民和黄土的S8、S9和S10古土壤分别与深海氧同位素21、23和25阶段较好地对应，而L9、L10和L11则分别对应22、24和26阶段。L11黄土层以下的黄土记录与深海氧同位素记录的可比性不是很明显。同时，民和黄土的高分辨率气候记录与青藏高原的阶段性隆升有较好的耦合关系。 相似文献
20.
Ten sites near the Snake River Plain have consistent differences in their climatic histories. Sites at low elevation reflect the “early Holocene xerothermic” of the Pacific Northwest, whereas most climatic chronologies at high elevation indicate maximum warmth or aridity somewhat later, ca. 6000 yr ago. This elevational contrast in climatic histories is duplicated at three sites from the central Snake River Plain. For sites in such close proximity, the different chronologies cannot be explained by changes in atmospheric circulation during the late Quaternary. Rather, the differences are best explained by the autecology of the plants involved and the changing seasonal climate. The seasonal climatic sequence predicted by multiple thermal maxima explains the high- and low-elevation chronologies. During the early Holocene, maximum insolation and intensified summer drought in July forced low-elevation vegetation upward. However, moisture was not a limiting factor at high elevation, where vegetation moved upward in response to increased length of growing season coincident with maximum September insolation 6000 yr ago. 相似文献