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根据浙江293个有开采价值的中生代热液萤石、金、银和铅锌矿床数据,在矿床地质研究基础上探讨了这些矿床的空间和储量分形问题。研究表明,在两个尺度范围内,矿床在空间上呈分形分布,其中群集分布的分维数D分别为0.1405-0.3778(1-20km)和0.7168-1.1851(20-750km);密度分布的分维数D分别为0.294-1.1242(1-40km)和0.135-0.252(40-750km)。研究还发现矿床的频度-大小分布也是分形的,其储量分形分布的分维数为萤石(浙江)D=2.34萤石(中国)D=2.13:铅锌(浙江)D=2.27;银(浙江)D=1.63:金(浙江)D=1.09。 相似文献
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利用1961-2014年西南地区96个观测站日平均气温和降水资料、1961-2010年ERA-20C 0.5°×0.5°再分析资料,运用REOF方法、计算地表湿润指数以及改进后的地表湿润指数,研究了西南地区干旱时空分布特征。结果表明：（1）综合REOF（旋转经验正交函数）前四个模态,除川西高原外,西南地区1961-2010年整体土壤湿度有所降低,其中以四川盆地和云贵高原南部下降趋势更为明显。（2）根据REOF空间模态对西南地区做出气候区划,以历年月平均降水和干旱气候区划为基础,对地表湿润指数做出改进。其结果显示,原地表湿润指数（SHI）与改进后地表湿润指数（MSHI）空间分布特征均与年降水量的空间分布特征存在一定的相似性,指数低值区与弱降水区吻合,西北部较为干燥,云贵高原南部较为湿润。（3）从空间分布上来看,MSHI在西南南部更接近降水的空间分布且空间连续性更好。从时间序列上来看,MSHI比SHI更能体现西南地区干旱年,用MSHI识别典型干旱年份,识别能力较强。研究结果对合理配置和利用水资源,进行未来气候变化研究有重要意义。 相似文献
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空间信息统计学在环境科学领域的应用进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
空间信息统计学,又称为地质统计学,是研究多孔介质空间变异性的有效方法,在环境科学领域有很好的应用前景。本文简单介绍了空间信息统计学的产生与发展现状,回顾了其在环境科学领域应用的一些成果,并就空间信息统计学在环境科学领域的应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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基于克里金插值估算区域降水量的抽样方法对比分析——以甘肃省为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
降水数据的空间插值精度由降水的空间变异特征、插值方法和降水观测站分布决定的, 其中, 降水观测站及插值方法的选择尤为重要. 利用空间随机抽样、空间分层抽样和空间三明治抽样等空间抽样方案, 以甘肃省境内的气象站点为研究对象进行抽样分析, 在抽样结果的基础上进行区域降水量克里金插值, 并对比了插值结果精确度. 结果表明: 在较为丰富的先验知识的前提下, 空间三明治抽样所得的区域降水量插值结果的误差项ME(1.97)、MSE(0.0066)和RMSSE(1.0184)都是最优的, 空间分层抽样次之, 空间随机抽样最差. 与另外两种抽样方案相比, 空间三明治抽样是一种使区域误差最小, 适用范围更广, 精确度更高的抽样方法. 相似文献
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为探明黄土高原北部坡面土壤饱和导水率(Ks)空间分布特征,为土壤水文过程模拟与预测提供理论依据,采用经典统计学和地统计学的空间变异分析方法,分析了坡面尺度土壤Ks的空间变异特征,并用一阶自回归状态空间模型对Ks的空间分布进行了模拟.研究区坡面尺度Ks的变异为中等程度变异,具有中等程度空间依赖性,变程为42 m.Ks与容重、砂粒、粉粒和黏粒含量在不同滞后距离下均具有自相关关系和交互相关关系.容重和土壤颗粒是影响坡面Ks空间分布的主要因素.状态空间模拟结果表明,基于容重和土壤颗粒的状态空间方程可以很好地解释坡面Ks的变异状况(R2>0.9).一阶自回归状态空间模型可用于田间条件下坡面尺度Ks分布特征的预测. 相似文献
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氟碳铈钡矿Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2的晶体结构原先被描述为Cm和P2空间群,经单晶X射线衍射方法重测为C2/m空间群;采用2339个独立反射,151个可变参数,R=0.034,Rw=0.05.经检测,未发现明显违反C心布拉维格子的反射;误差允许范围内位移椭球体与所定空间群相容。结构中的原子排列与化合物Ba3La2(CO3)5F2相似,可被描述为平行于(102)层间有序结构,层与层之间通过碳酸根相联结。 相似文献
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本文通过对南海中北部1 266个站位19种硅藻的生物地理分布格局及其对环境因子偏好的研究,查清了南海中北部沉积硅藻高分辨的空间展布特征,并探讨了硅藻分布与海洋环境因子的关系。南海北部陆架和西部陆架表层沉积硅藻以广温的半咸水潮间带种或沿岸种和咸水-半咸水浅海种为主,珠江口以东的粤东北部陆架Paralia sulcata呈集中分布,粤西北部陆架多样性最佳,Cyclotella stylorum相对富集,西部陆架则以Cyclotella striata占显著优势。北部陆坡和西部陆坡以热带浮游远洋种为主,其中Azpeitia nodulifera和Nitzschia marina分别在琼东南陆坡、西部陆坡和东北部陆坡占优势地位,Chaetoceros messanensis、Fragilariopsis doliolus集中分布于北部陆坡。深海盆以热带浮游远洋种为主,A.nodulifera最具优势,其次为N.marina,Thalassionema nitzschioides和Thalassiosira eccentrica在吕宋海峡入口、深海盆东部和东南部礼乐岛坡集中分布。硅藻种和环境因子的Pearson相关性分析和冗余分析表明,热带远洋种与表层海水温度显著正相关,广温广布种与温度和盐度呈一定正相关,多数沿岸种和浅海种与盐度显著负相关。硅藻组合与海洋流系控制下的环境因子关系密切。可分为6个硅藻组合,其中陆架区3个组合主要受到盐度和营养盐(NO3,PO4,SiO4)浓度的影响,陆坡区2个组合主要受表层海水温度、盐度和营养盐(PO4)浓度的影响,而深海盆硅藻组合主要受温度的影响。对比前人研究,本文提高了对南海沉积硅藻空间分布认识的分辨率,充实了研究相对薄弱的西部陆架和深海盆的最新资料,佐证并修正了前人基于少量数据而得出的硅藻组合分区认识,消弭了前人观点的分歧。生物因素和沉积过程会使沉积硅藻对环境因子变化的响应关系更为复杂。 相似文献
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震级-频度分布（FMD）是地震学研究中最重要的经验公式之一,相关系数b是构造学和地震危险性评估的重要因子,具有表征前震和余震的特性。辽宁省地震多发生在金州断裂附近,自1975年海城7.3级地震发生后,与金州断裂交汇的海城河—大洋河断裂开启活跃模式,其东南端岫岩附近在1999年又发生5.6级地震。近年来盖州附近地震活动也在增强。因此,本文利用b值空间分布特征对海城及其邻区的应力分布特点进行研究。震源定位准确与否直接影响b值计算,双差定位后的数据与常规目录相比具有更高的精度,但是完整性有一定下降。本文收集了中国地震台网1981—2005年的辽宁省地震目录,并进行双差定位,比较分析了常规目录数据和双差数据的b值分布差异,认为在地震密集区,双差定位后的数据可以被用来获得更准确的b值。对主要研究区进行网格划分,使用双差数据,得到b值的水平和垂直分布特征。结果表明：b值为0.6~1.8,随深度增加而降低;岫岩和盖州震区具有较低的b值,意味着具有较高的地震危险性;浑河震区与海城河—大洋河断裂东南方向具有较高的b值,说明该区域未来发生大地震的概率很低;与金州断裂交汇区域的b值在1.0附近,说明该地区应力暂时处于稳定状态,未来具有较低的地震危险性。 相似文献
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通过研究辽宁省布格重力异常Δg及其位场转换场、航磁ΔT异常及其位场转换场、地震波场、大地电磁场,结合地貌以及钻探等资料,综合解释出了区内断裂构造.展示出了辽宁省断裂构造平面分布特征.配合地球物理解释剖面,可以了解区内主要断裂构造的垂向发育特征.分析认为郯庐断裂带为左行走滑断层带,划分出了表壳断裂、中-下地壳断裂、超岩石圈断裂. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study is to analyze relationships between epithermal Au‐Ag deposits of the hydrothermal type and related geological factors and integrate the relationships using probabilistic and statistical models in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. A variety of spatial geological data were compiled, evaluated and integrated to produce a map of potential Au and Ag deposits in the Gangreung area, Korea. This empirical approach assumes that all deposits shared a common genesis. The method consists of three main steps: (i) identification of spatial relationships; (ii) quantification of such relationships and (iii) integration of multiple quantified relationships. A spatial database containing Au and Ag deposits, topographic, geologic, geophysical and geochemical data was constructed using a GIS. The factors relating to 103 Au and Ag mineral deposits are the geological data such as lithology and fault structure, geochemical data including the abundance of Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, conductivity, Cr, Cu, Eh, Fe, HCO3–, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, pH, Si, Sr, V, W, Zn, Cl?, F?, PO43?, NO2?, NO3? and SO42?, and geophysical data including Bouguer and magnetic anomalies. Using the constructed spatial database, the relationships between mineral deposit areas and 36 related factors are identified and quantified by probabilistic and statistical modeling; that is, likelihood ratio, weights of evidence and logistic regression. All the factors were combined to produce a map of the regional mineral potential using the overlay method in a GIS environment. The mineral potential map was then verified by comparison with known mineral deposits. The verification results give respective accuracies of 82.52%, 72.45% and 81.60% for the likelihood ratio, weights of evidence and logistic regression models, respectively. The mineral potential map can be used as a source of basic information for mineral resource development. 相似文献
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Concentrations of Au, Ag, As, Cd and Sb in aquatic bryophytes collected from the Dolgellau Mineral Belt, North Wales, U.K. are reported. One aquatic liverwort, Scapania undulata (L) Dum. and two mosses, Fontinalis squamosa Hedw. and Racomitrium aciculare (Hedw.) Brid. were collected from sites upstream and downstream of the recently reopened Gwynfyndd Au mine. There was little inter-species variation in metal contents for these three bryophytes, but Scapania undulata appeared the most sensitive to changes in water concentrations of Ag, As and Sb. Gold concentrations varied little between the contaminated and control sites. Concentrations in the range < 4–18 ng Aug g−1 D.W. were typical background levels, while bryophytes collected immediately below the mine contained 6–45 ng Au g−1. Silver and Sb both showed more pronounced ( 5–10 fold) elevations above control concentrations in samples collected downstream of the mine. Background concentrations for these elements were 5–85 ng Ag g−1 and 0.15–1.3 μg Sb g−1.Arsenic concentrations downstream of the mine (160–1080 μg g−1) greatly exceeded the background range of 9–32 μg g−1. It is suggested, therefore, that As may be an ideal ‘pathfinder’ element when prospecting for auriferous deposits using aquatic bryophytes. 相似文献
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A biogeochemical orientation survey was carried out in the vicinity of an epithermal Au deposit in the Moisan Au–Ag mineralized area, Haenam district in Korea. The Au–Ag bearing quartz veins of the mine occur as narrow open-space fillings within Cretaceous silicic pyroclastics. The vein minerals consist mainly of quartz, sericite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena, with some electrum and argentite. The main objectives of this study were to study the geochemical characteristics of rocks, soils and plants in this area, to investigate the spatial relationship between Au and associated elements in rock–soil–plant system, and to evaluate the applicability of biogeochemical prospecting for Au vein occurrences in Korea. Samples of rocks and soils, and leaves of three plant species (Japanese red pine — P. densiflora, oriental white oak — Q. aliena, Japanese mallotus — M. japonicus) were collected from the target mineralized area and control barren locations, and analyzed for trace elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Sampling lines were composed of one slope line which is almost parallel to the mineralized quartz-veins, and four transect lines spaced 100 m apart across the veins at 20 m sampling intervals. From the multi-element data of rock samples (n = 9), high values of Au (maximum 2030 ppb) are spatially related to Au–quartz veins. Soil samples (n = 61) collected from five sampling lines show higher values of Au (24–825 ppb) whereas soil samples from the control locations have lower values of Au (below 25 ppb). Many plant species collected from the vicinity of the veins have high Au contents compared with those at the control locations, but the ranges of Au values are variable among plant species. In a total of 128 samples of plant leaves, Q. aliena yielded Au values of 0.4 to 6.9 ppb, and M. japonicus 0.9 to 4.1 ppb. Gold contents in P. densiflora ranged from 0.1 to 5.6 ppb. Plant leaves from control areas show less than 1.6 ppb Au. The biological absorption coefficient (BAC) of Au in plants decreases in the order of Q. aliena > M. japonicus > P. densiflora. Based on the results of the study, Q. aliena appeared to be the best sampling media for biogeochemical prospecting of Au in the study area. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(6):657-691
The chemical compositions of rock-forming minerals have been determined for both altered and least-altered igneous rocks spatially associated with numerous mineralized zones (Nucleus Au–Bi–Cu–As deposit, Revenue Au ± Cu and Stoddart Cu–Mo ± W mineral occurrences, and Laforma Au–Ag deposit) across the Freegold Mountain area, Yukon, Canada. Within the study area, K-feldspar has a narrow compositional range (89.4–91% Or), whereas plagioclase spans a wide range (4.4–70.07% An). In all of the investigated samples, T Ab = T An = T Or, suggesting that magmatic equilibrium between the coexisting plagioclase and K-feldspar was maintained. Igneous amphibole phenocrysts from hypabyssal dikes are typically calcic, whereas the Stoddart Cu–Mo ± W, Laforma Au–Ag, and Goldy Au mineralization are associated with Mg-enriched primary amphibole of edenite composition, and Au–Bi–Cu–As mineralization from Nucleus is related to Al-enriched primary amphibole of ferropargasite composition. Primary biotite phenocrysts across the Freegold Mountain area re-equilibrated with oxidized magma (f(O2) values between 10–13 and 10–11.5 bars, lying between the Ni/NiO and the magnetite/haematite buffers). However, biotite and amphibole phenocrysts from Stoddart, Goldy, Laforma, and the Highway zones crystallized from a more oxidized magma, as indicated by their elevated X Mg up to 0.65, relative to biotite and hornblende from Nucleus and Revenue characterized by a lower X Mg (typically < 0.50). This suggests that various sources and (or) rapid emplacement were involved in magma genesis, as further supported by the considerable variation of pressure (1.8–7.3 kb) of amphibole crystallization and of the total Al content in least-altered biotite (2.6–2.9 afu) within the Freegold Mountain area. Biotite and apatite equilibrated within the T range of 520–780°C, consistent with temperatures of equilibration between ilmenite and magnetite, and their compositions indicate that they formed from an oxidized I-type magma. Magma differentiated by fractional crystallization (indicated by the presence of normally zoned plagioclase with Ca-rich cores and Na-enriched outer rims) and multiple magma mixing (supported by the presence of reversed zoned plagioclase and coexistence of normally and reversely zoned plagioclase). Lower X Mg biotite associated with the mineralized (Cu–Mo ± W) potassic alteration incorporated more F and Cl relative to least-altered biotite with higher X Mg. In both Nucleus and Revenue Au–Cu mineralizations, secondary biotite composition varies with respect to the associated alteration mineral assemblages. Although secondary biotite in the skarn re-equilibrated with F-poor fluids, secondary biotite from the pervasive biotitization is related to F- and Cl-enriched fluids, and secondary biotite from the phyllitic zone is related to F-, Cl-, and Mg-depleted fluids, thus consistent with a change in mineralizing fluid composition during mineralization. 相似文献
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云南镇沅县九甲金矿区位于哀牢山成矿带。基于在矿区开展的1∶2.5万土壤地球化学测量,根据Cu、Au、As、Sb、Ag 5个元素的含量及分布特征,圈定了异常。结合矿区地层、构造、岩性等地质特征对土壤地球化学异常进行了综合评价,从中圈定了3个有找矿前景的综合异常,为矿区的找矿提供了有效的依据。 相似文献
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通过对坦桑尼亚恩泽加绿岩带玛汀杰金成矿区的4个金矿（化）体的成矿背景和地质特征进行分析,初步了解该区金矿体地质特征及矿床成因。玛汀杰金矿为产自韧性剪切带的石英脉型金矿,赋矿层位为太古代尼安兹超群绿片岩,矿体由NW向和EW向两组构造控制,矿石类型包括石英脉型、蚀变岩型和构造角砾岩型。普遍发育黄铁绢英云化。矿石w（Au）=0.62×10-6~3.04×10-6,部分矿石w（Au）值大于100×10-6。玛汀杰地区金矿为典型的产自绿岩带韧性剪切带的石英脉型金矿,矿床成因为热液成因。 相似文献
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The geochemical zoning of the Rogovik epithermal deposit in northeast Russia has been established on the basis of endogenic anomalous geochemical fields (AGCF) of Au–Ag zones, their qualitative and quantitative compositions, and spatial distribution of chemical element indicators of Au–Ag mineralization. The obtained geochemical data (monoelemental AGCF, associations of elements, their composition, contrast, and correlation) allowed us to estimate the erosion level of Au–Ag ore zones. It has been shown that AGCF related to Au–Ag mineralization are distinguished by simple component composition (Au, Ag, Hg, Sb, As, Cu, Pb, Zn) and regular spatial distribution of the elements. It has been established that the least eroded central part of the object is characterized by widespread and the most contrasting Au, Ag, Hg, Sb, and As AGCF closely related to the ore-bearing units of the deposit. The contrast of these fields gradually decreases with depth. Low-contrast Cu, Pb, and Zn AGCF typical of the footwall depth intervals and flanks of Au–Ag zones intervals appear at depth. The northern part of the area is eroded to the deepest level. The contrast of Ag, Hg, Sb, and As geochemical fields abruptly decreases here, and Cu, Pb, and Zn AGCF become widespread with depth. The relatively contrasting fields of anomalous Au concentrations develop here extremely locally and near the surface. It has been concluded that the as yet poorly explored southern part of the Rogovik deposit most likely is promising for further geological exploration and the discovery of new mineralized areas. 相似文献