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位涡扰动与气旋的发展 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
通过对1991－07－05T08－07－06－T20江淮流域的一次气旋发生发展过程的分析，讨论了在气旋发展的不同阶段高低层位涡场分布及垂直结构的演变特征，并从气旋发展过程中的凝结潜热释放着手，研究了高低层位涡场之间的联系。结果表明，潜热的释放将促使高层的高位涡向下传输，导致低层气旋加深发展，并进而讨论了江淮气旋发展的一种可能机制。 相似文献
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本文应用中尺度模式MM5对发生在江淮流域的气旋进行了数值模拟，并用模式输出的高时空分辨率、动力协调资料、HUBEX试验期间的加密观测资料进行江淮气旋的中尺度诊断研究。结果表明：从大尺度角度看，江淮气旋的生成可分为静止锋上的波动和倒槽锋生两种类型，但从中尺度角度分析，它们具有如下共同特点：（1）它们的生成源地均在大别山西侧，大别山地形均使得气旋发展增强，移速减慢。（2）在发展阶段，700hPa层以下的温压场的斜压结构是气旋发展的重要因素，当冷平流与暖平流呈现西北－东南的偶极子型时，气旋发展；当冷暖平流偶极子呈东西型时，气旋发展进入成熟期。（3）气旋中的中尺度雨带与Wave-CISK湿条件对称不稳定区有密切关系，辐合上升区出现在气旋暖锋前部和冷锋后部50－100km范围内。 相似文献
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一次江淮气旋的模拟和海洋敏感试验 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
运用中尺度WRFV3.0模式,对2009年4月19日00时-22日00时期间的一次江淮气旋进行了数值模拟(控制试验CTR)研究,得出在CTR中江淮气旋的路径和发展趋势总体上比较理想,为此进一步设计海洋属性敏感试验,探讨海洋属性对江淮气旋的路径和强度的影响.结果表明:当海洋属性修改成陆地属性后,江淮气旋路径向东南偏移,入海后,偏离程度增大;气旋强度在大别山附近稍有增强,入海后强度减弱.气旋中心南侧的偏南气流、气旋前部的水汽辐合区和强对流有效位能,以及气旋中心附近的强潜热能,均有利于江淮气旋发展. 相似文献
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引用一种气旋客观判别方法——气旋相空间法,采用NCEP-FNL再分析资料等,对两次江淮气旋个例进行研究,验证江淮气旋的结构演变和降水分布特征。结果表明:该方法对江淮气旋的结构演变有很好的指示意义,低层热成风参数与中心气压的演变有较好的对应关系,低层热力不对称性参数的大幅下降和低层冷核的减弱对主要降水时段有明显的指示意义,效果优于基于温度平流偶极子的分析方法。同时探讨了该方法对江淮气旋的适应性及可改进处;该方法适用于格点数据,计算简便,有望投入气象业务使用。 相似文献
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关于气旋中的能量变化,已经有了不少的论述。江淮气旋是产生我国南方地区暴雨的主要天气系统之一。弄清楚其中的能量变化,对于了解它的结构及其发生发展的机制,都是非常必要的。本文取一江淮气旋为例,主要讨论扰动有效位能和扰动动能的变化,也涉及到有效位能和动能的变化。1982年5月12日08时,在武汉东北约200km处,有一个气旋生成。这个气旋,是冷锋进入倒槽、并有暖锋锋生而形成的。生成时,气旋中心上空300hPa的风只约12m/s,500hPa在107°E有一弱槽,东南沿海为副高控制。 相似文献
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一次冬季江淮气旋逗点云区的雷达回波和气流结构分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2016年2月12—13日,受冷空气和江淮气旋暖锋锋生影响,山东出现一次极端暴雨雪天气过程,全省有42个站的降水突破同期历史记录。采用多种观测以及WRF模式模拟的热力学变量,基于拉格朗日方法的气流轨迹模式(HYSPLIT v4.9),分析了气旋逗点云区云系的演变特征、降水不同阶段气旋逗点云区气流结构和轨迹特征。结果表明:(1)江淮气旋逗点云区由4条带状回波合并发展形成,气旋形成后降水回波呈气旋式旋转、拉长,形成多条中尺度强降水带。(2)降雨阶段气旋逗点头从下到上主要由来自东海、黄海、日本海或内陆的边界层气团,来自中国南海和中南半岛的暖湿气团以及来自西亚和东欧的干冷气团组成。气旋逗点头内有3个降水区:北部和南部暖湿气团浅薄、层结稳定,为层状云降水区;中部暖湿气团深厚,中高层有条件性不稳定发展,为深厚的对流云降水区。气旋逗点头中南部的干冷空气来自高层的西亚气团,而剖面北部有来自中层(即青藏高原东部气团)的干冷空气,气团明显变性,对降水贡献大。(3)降雪阶段气旋逗点头从下到上主要由西伯利亚气团、东海气团、南海气团和孟加拉湾气团叠置而成。气旋逗点头西部层状降水区分两部分:北部为降雪区,南部为降雨区。降雪与降雨阶段的明显差别是冷湿的东海气团下面是否有西伯利亚冷气团。降雪区西伯利亚气团上空东海气团深厚,南海气团浅薄;降雨区南海气团深厚,东海气团浅薄。 相似文献
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The generation of mesoscale convective systems is simulated by a 7-level primitive equation model. The large-scale parts of observed, data at 1200 Z June 11, 1983, which are obtained by low-pass filter, are used as the initial data. The results show that the generation of mesoscale convective systems can be simulated from fields of meteorological variables on the large-scale background. When the low-level south-west jet stream is very moist, mesoscale convective systems can develop ahead of the wind speed maximum in the warm sector of Jiang-Huai (Changjiang-Huaihe Rivers) cyclone, where the potential stability tends to remain negative. Furthermore, they are similar to the mesoscale convective complex (MCC), which appears frequently in the central part of the United States during the warm season (March to September), in dynamical and thermal structure, distribution of precipitation and the process of generation and development. 相似文献
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针对江淮梅雨空间分布非均匀的定量化问题,基于1960—2007年江淮地区高密度站点资料,运用空间集中度和集中区的方法定量分析江淮梅雨的空间非均匀性特征。结果表明,江淮梅雨的降水集中区呈现出年代际南北移动特征,自1970s末降水转型后,1980—1999年,强降水易于发生在长江中下游地区,而2000年后易于出现在淮河流域。48 a来梅雨的空间非均匀程度呈现弱的增加趋势。当梅雨雨带偏南,即位于长江中下游地区时,降水空间集中度较大。通过与大气环流场的回归分析表明,江淮梅雨非均匀程度的增加可能与西太平洋副高和副热带西风急流的南移有关。 相似文献
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基于台站降水观测数据和MERRA-2再分析资料,分析了2014年夏季我国长江流域降水的季节内振荡特征,并从位涡角度重点研究了与之相关的环流演变。结果表明:2014年夏季长江流域降水季节内变率以10~20d的准双周振荡为主。在降水准双周振荡的极端湿位相,受对流层高层随中纬度波列东传的正异常位涡和南亚高压东侧西南向传播的正异常位涡的共同影响,南亚高压呈“马鞍型”分布,在长江流域形成高空辐散环流;在对流层中低层,当中纬度波列的异常气旋向东南传播至长江流域以北时,西太平洋异常反气旋延伸至中国东南沿海,二者共同导致长江流域低空水汽辐合加强;在高、低层环流的共同作用下,长江流域持续性降水显著偏多,形成准双周振荡的极端湿位相;同时,长江以北高空位涡正异常导致其下方冷空气下沉,触发长江流域异常上升运动和南海地区异常下沉运动,该经向垂直环流圈的形成有利于长江流域正异常降水的维持。反之则形成极端干相位。 相似文献
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Summary Numerical simulations of the 24 October 1999 south foehn (MAP-IOP 10) are performed with the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model MM5 for the Wipp Valley and the adjacent parts of the Inn Valley. The model is run in a multiple-nest configuration, the area of interest being resolved at a mesh size of 800m in most experiments. The study serves to complement an earlier work in which typical flow features of the foehn in the Wipp Valley region were investigated by means of idealized simulations, assessing whether it is possible to reproduce the temporal evolution and the spatial structure of a particular foehn case. A further objective of the paper is to examine the dependence of the model performance on the horizontal resolution, giving some information which resolution will probably be needed for future high-resolution forecasts.An encouragingly large part of the observed flow features could be well reproduced in the simulations. Except for a small region to the east of Innsbruck, the foehn breakthrough is predicted correctly to within an hour. The spatial structure of the so-called pre-foehn, an enhanced westerly wind occurring at Innsbruck prior to the breakthrough of the foehn, also agrees very well with the observations. Moreover, the maximum extent of the foehn in the Inn Valley, the structure of the gravity wave field above the Wipp Valley and the upvalley progression of a shallow cold front in the evening are consistent with the observations. Except for a few places where the airmass boundary between the warm foehn air and the adjacent colder air is not captured correctly throughout the time, the simulated surface temperatures range within 2K of the observed values. Discrepancies between the model results and the observations are found in the vicinity of Innsbruck where a flow-splitting phenomenon induces a very complex flow pattern at low levels. Another source of problems is the surface potential temperature along the Wipp Valley. The observed potential-temperature increase between the Brenner Pass and Innsbruck, which appears to be related to turbulent vertical mixing of stably stratified air, is underestimated by the model. Reducing the horizontal resolution from 800m to 1.4km deteriorates the model performance in marginally resolved side valleys, but the results obtained for the Wipp Valley and the Inn Valley are still of high quality. 相似文献
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Yang Xianwei 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1988,2(2):187-195
Based on the data of daily air temperature and relative humidity from 1961 to 1980 over the Jiang-Huai Plain,the structure functions of the two elements have been calculated,and thereby the relationshipsbetween error of linear interpolation and spacing of stations have been established.According to the principle that the standard error of interpolation should not exceed the standard errorof observation,the maximum admissible spacings between stations of the second group meteorological net-works have been estimated over this area.Finally,it has been found that replacing the interpolation along a segment by the interpolation in aplane will increase the accuracy of interpolation. 相似文献
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区域海气耦合模式模拟的2003年东亚夏季风季节内振荡 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
评估了一个区域海气耦合模式(由区域环境系统集成模式RIEMS和普林斯顿海洋模式POM组成)对2003年东亚夏季风季节内振荡(ISO)的模拟性能。通过与观测海温驱动单独大气模式结果的比较,分析了海气耦合过程对东亚夏季大气ISO模拟性能的影响。结果表明:耦合模式能够模拟出2003年中国东部地区夏季降水的气候态分布,模拟的中国东部尤其是江淮地区大气ISO活动较单独大气模式更为显著。同时,耦合模式能够较好地再现大气ISO经向上北传的传播特征,模拟的江淮流域降水处于活跃和中断期时西北太平洋地区低频降水和环流异常在强度和空间分布上较单独大气模式都更为合理。相比于单独大气模式,耦合模式对大气ISO模拟的改善,一方面与其对气候态西北太平洋副热带高压和相关对流层底层风场模拟的改善有关,另一方面与其包含海气相互作用,因而对低频降水与海温和水汽辐合位相关系模拟的改善有关。 相似文献
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A global forecast model is used to examine various sensitivities of numerical predictions of three extreme winter storms that occurred near the eastern continental margin of North America: the Ohio Valley blizzard of January 1978, the New England blizzard of February 1978, and the Mid-Atlantic cyclone of February 1979. While medium-resolution simulations capture much of the intensification, the forecasts of the precise timing and intensity levels suffer from various degrees of error. The coastal cyclones show a 5-10 hPa dependence on the western North Atlantic sea surface temperature, which is varied within a range (± 2.5℃) compatible with interannual fluctuations. The associated vertical velocities and precipitation rates show proportionately stronger dependences on the ocean temperature perturbations. The Ohio Valley blizzard, which intensified along a track 700-800 km from the coast, shows little sensitivity to ocean temperature. The effect of a shift of - 10?latitude in the position of the snow boundary is negligible in each case. The forecasts depend strongly on the model resolution, and the coarse-resolution forecasts are consistently inferior to the medium-resolution forecasts. Studies of the corresponding sensitivities of extreme cyclonic events over eastern Asia are encouraged in order to identify characteristics that are common to numerical forecasts for the two regions. 相似文献
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一次梅雨锋暴雨过程的中尺度特征分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用中尺度非静力平衡模式WRF-V2.1对2007年7月7-8日江淮地区一次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行数值模拟,分析其中的中尺度重力波(MGW)特征,并运用拉格朗日Rossby数(Ro)来诊断非平衡流特征.研究表明:这次暴雨过程中的中尺度重力波波长约为56～75 km,相速约12～19 m·s~(-1);在有利的大尺度环流形势下,地转调整机制是MGW产生的首要机制,Wave-CISK和地转调整为波动传播提供了充足的能量,使MGW在具有波导结构的大气中维持了相当长的时间;满足舶指标的不平衡运动区与重力波活动区十分接近,它对波动产生的时间和区域方面有一定的指示作用. 相似文献
18.
Sang Jianguo 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1989,3(4):526-533
A set of hydrostatic atmospheric thermodynamic equations and diffusion equation are solved numericallyto simulate the flow,temperature and concentration fields over the Fenhe River Valley,Shanxi Province.The results are compared with the data observed in a tracer experiment carried out in February of 1984.The concentration distributions are calculated by three approaches:ordinary grid numerical model,nested gridmodel and Gaussian model.The comparison shows that the nested grid model gives the best results andneeds only a little more computer time. 相似文献
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1991年梅雨期中冷空气活动的个例分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
通过对1991年7月4—6日江淮地区大暴雨过程中冷空气的轨迹分析表明，来自西北方向的冷空气造成了冷暖空气在长江流域的对峙和高原东侧50hPa槽的发展，后者又进而促使了梅雨锋上的气旋发展。 相似文献
20.
Minhong Song Yaoming Ma Yu Zhang Maoshan Li Weiqiang Ma Fanglin Sun 《Climatic change》2011,106(4):649-660
Through analyzing the changes of averaged temperature and precipitation along the Brahmaputra Valley from 1980 to 2005, and
investigating the correlation between atmospheric circulation indices and these changes, the respondence of the Brahmaputra
Valley to the global warming had been analyzed in this paper. It is found that the Brahmaputra Valley climate became warmer
and wetter from 1980 to 2005, and the change magnitude is higher than that over the whole Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, the
respondence of the Brahmaputra valley to the global warming is more evident than that of the whole plateau during the period.
The relationship between atmospheric circulation indices and the regional climate change is significant. When North Atlantic
Oscillation index is higher in summer, the climate of the Brahmaputra Valley becomes warmer and dryer; vice versa. When South
Oscillation index is higher, it becomes warmer and wetter; vice versa.Worthy of note, the results in this study only emphasize
some evidence of change in temperature and precipitation over the Brahmaputra Valley during 1980–2005. 相似文献