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1.
Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and Chinese observational data during 1961–2013, atmospheric circulation patterns over East Asia in summer and their connection with precipitation and surface air temperature in eastern China as well as associated external forcing are investigated. Three patterns of the atmospheric circulation are identified, all with quasi-barotropic structures: (1) the East Asia/Pacific (EAP) pattern, (2) the Baikal Lake/Okhotsk Sea (BLOS) pattern, and (3) the eastern China/northern Okhotsk Sea (ECNOS) pattern. The positive EAP pattern significantly increases precipitation over the Yangtze River valley and favors cooling north of the Yangtze River and warming south of the Yangtze River in summer. The warm sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean suppress convection over the northwestern subtropical Pacific through the Ekman divergence induced by a Kelvin wave and excite the EAP pattern. The positive BLOS pattern is associated with below-average precipitation south of the Yangtze River and robust cooling over northeastern China. This pattern is triggered by anomalous spring sea ice concentration in the northern Barents Sea. The anomalous sea ice concentration contributes to a Rossby wave activity flux originating from the Greenland Sea, which propagates eastward to North Pacific. The positive ECNOS pattern leads to below-average precipitation and significant warming over northeastern China in summer. The reduced soil moisture associated with the earlier spring snowmelt enhances surface warming over Mongolia and northeastern China and the later spring snowmelt leads to surface cooling over Far East in summer, both of which are responsible for the formation of the ECNOS pattern. 相似文献
2.
南极海冰的变化和全球大气环流关系密切。南极各区海冰的不同变化, 对南北半球大气环流有着不同的影响。文中基于对南极海冰变化的客观分区, 定义了南极海冰北界涛动指数 (ASEOI), 并结合中央气象台提供的南方涛动指数、北半球500 hPa和100 hPa高度场资料以及我国160站降水、温度资料, 利用诊断分析方法, 对ASEOI与我国夏季天气气候的关系进行了研究。研究表明:ASEOI对我国长江中下游降水及全国大部分地区温度具有指示意义。若前一年10月ASEOI偏低, 则当年7月我国长江中下游降水偏多, 引发洪涝灾害的可能性很大; 温度场上, 我国北方气温偏高, 南方气温偏低, 而高温往往伴随着少雨, 这无疑会加剧华北本就严重的旱情。 相似文献
3.
基于ERA-Interim再分析资料,借助大气模式CAM4,分析了北半球冬季不同月份的平均大气对巴伦支海不同振幅及不同季节海冰扰动的敏感性,并考察了中高纬度典型大气模态的分布变化情况.结果表明,冬季巴伦支海海冰的减少,会导致湍流热通量异常向上、局地异常变暖及水汽含量的异常升高,且相关异常的强度和范围随着海冰减少幅度的减... 相似文献
4.
利用中国东北地区1981—2018年166个地面气象观测站资料, 定义了中国东北地区秋冬季霾日指数, 分析了年际尺度上该地区霾日数与同期大气环流异常的内在关系。结果表明: 中国东北地区秋冬季霾日指数存在显著的年际变化特征, 欧亚—太平洋遥相关型(Eurasia-Pacific Teleconnection Pattern, EUP)负位相、东亚大槽偏弱等大气环流异常配置导致中国东北地区秋冬季霾的发生频次增加。巴伦支海与喀拉海北部海域是影响中国东北地区秋冬季霾日年际变化的海冰关键区, 该区域海冰面积与霾日数呈显著负相关, 北极海冰通过改变大气环流间接影响中国东北地区秋冬季霾日发生频次, 当北极海冰异常偏少时, 东亚冬季风偏弱, 近地面风速偏低, 环境湿度偏高, 中国东北地区受东北亚异常反气旋西侧的异常偏南风控制, 且受“EUP”负位相模态影响, 东亚大槽减弱, 有利于大气污染物和水汽向中国东北地区输送, 该地区秋冬季霾的发生频次增加。 相似文献
5.
南极海冰首要模态呈现偶极子型异常,正负异常中心分别位于别林斯高晋海/阿蒙森海和威德尔海。过去研究表明冬春季节南极海冰涛动异常对后期南极涛动（Antarctic Oscillation,AAO）型大气环流有显著影响,而AAO可以通过经向遥相关等机制影响北半球大气环流和东亚气候。本文中我们利用观测分析发现南极海冰涛动从5～7月（May–July,MJJ）到8～10月（August–October, ASO）有很好的持续性,并进一步分析其对北半球夏季大气环流的可能影响及其物理过程。结果表明,MJJ南极海冰涛动首先通过冰气相互作用在南半球激发持续性的AAO型大气环流异常,使得南半球中纬度和极地及热带之间的气压梯度加大,在MJJ至JAS,纬向平均纬向风呈现显著的正负相间的从南极到北极的经向遥相关型分布。对流层中层位势高度场上,在澳大利亚北部到海洋性大陆区域,出现显著的负异常,在东亚沿岸从低纬到高纬呈现南北走向的“? + ?”太平洋—日本（Pacific–Japan,PJ）遥相关波列,其对应赤道中部太平洋及赤道印度洋存在显著的降水和海温负异常,西北太平洋至我国东部沿海地区存在显著降水正异常和温度负异常;低纬度北美洲到大西洋一带存在的负位势高度异常和北大西洋附近存在的正位势高度异常中心,构成一个类似于西大西洋型遥相关（Western Atlantic,WA）的结构,对应赤道南大西洋降水增加和南撒哈拉地区降水减少。从物理过程来看,南极海冰涛动首先通过局地效应影响Ferrel环流,进而通过经圈环流调整使得海洋性大陆区域和热带大西洋上方的Hadley环流上升支得到增强,海洋性大陆区域特别是菲律宾附近的热带对流活动偏强,激发类似于负位相的PJ波列,影响东亚北太平洋地区的大气环流,而热带大西洋对流增强和北传特征,则通过激发WA遥相关影响大西洋和欧洲地区的大气环流。以上两种通道将持续性MJJ至ASO南极海冰涛动强迫的大气环流信号从南半球中高纬度经热带地区传递到北半球中高纬地区,从而对热带和北半球夏季大气环流产生显著影响。 相似文献
6.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集和国家气候中心整编的2 000多站逐日降水资料,对导致2017年华西秋季降水异常偏多的大气环流特征及其成因进行分析.结果表明,2017年秋季500 hPa位势高度上欧亚中高纬地区维持一脊一槽环流型,斯堪的那维亚半岛上空有一强大的高压脊,乌拉尔山以东—巴尔喀什湖有一深槽,西太平洋副热带高... 相似文献
7.
Most state-of-the art global coupled models simulate a weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC)
in climate change scenarios but the mechanisms leading to this weakening are still being debated. The third version of the
CNRM (Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques) global atmosphere-ocean-sea ice coupled model (CNRM-CM3) was used to
conduct climate change experiments for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4).
The analysis of the A1B scenario experiment shows that global warming leads to a slowdown of North Atlantic deep ocean convection
and thermohaline circulation south of Iceland. This slowdown is triggered by a freshening of the Arctic Ocean and an increase
in freshwater outflow through Fram Strait. Sea ice melting in the Barents Sea induces a local amplification of the surface
warming, which enhances the cyclonic atmospheric circulation around Spitzberg. This anti-clockwise circulation forces an increase
in Fram Strait outflow and a simultaneous increase in ocean transport of warm waters toward the Barents Sea, favouring further
sea ice melting and surface warming in the Barents Sea. Additionally, the retreat of sea ice allows more deep water formation
north of Iceland and the thermohaline circulation strengthens there. The transport of warm and saline waters toward the Barents
Sea is further enhanced, which constitutes a second positive feedback. 相似文献
8.
北极海冰年际变化对东亚中纬度夏季陆面热力异常的指示作用及其可能原因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文分析了夏季东亚中纬度近地面温度和春、夏北极海冰时空变化特征,探讨了格陵兰海、巴伦支海海冰异常变化与夏季东亚中纬度陆面热力异常在年际上的可能联系。结果表明:(1)1950—2014年,东亚中纬度夏季近地面温度明显增暖,并伴有明显的年际变化,年际变率最大值的区域主要位于40°N以北至贝加尔湖地区;春、夏格陵兰海和巴伦支海的海冰也呈现明显的减少趋势,同时表现出较强的年际变化特征。(2)春、夏格陵兰海、巴伦支海海冰异常对东亚中纬度夏季陆面热力异常具有一定的指示作用:春、夏格陵兰海、巴伦支海海冰异常偏多,通常对应夏季东亚中纬度近地面的东亚中纬度夏季增暖现象;反之亦然。(3)春、季格陵兰海、巴伦支海北极海冰指数(Arctic Sea Ice Index,ASII)高值年(海冰异常偏多年份),贝加尔湖及西南的蒙古高原地区通常为大范围的异常高压控制,有利于近地面温度升高;同时由于乌拉尔山阻塞高压减弱,极地南下的冷空气减弱,有利于东亚中纬度区域的温度升高。而ASII低值年的情形则相反,贝加尔湖以南地区受异常低压控制,乌拉尔山阻塞高压增强,冷空气易向南侵袭,不利于东亚中纬度近地面升温。 相似文献
9.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS ON INFLUENCES OF VARIATION OF SEA ICE THICKNESS AND EXTENT ON ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION* 
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下载免费PDF全文 By using a 2-layer AGCM designed by Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.this paper investigates influences of thickness and extent variations in Arctic sea ice on the atmosphere circulation,particularly on climate variations in East Asia.The simulation results have indicated that sea ice thickness variation in the Arctic exhibits significant influences on simulation results,particularly on East Asian monsoon.A nearly reasonable distribution of sea ice thickness in the model leads directly to stronger winter and summer monsoon over East Asia.and improves the model's simulation results for Siberia high and Icelandic low in winter.On the other hand,sea ice thickness variation can excite a teleconnection wave train across Asian Continent,and in low latitudes,the wave propagates from the western Pacific across the equator to the eastern Pacific.In addition,the variation of sea ice thickness also influences summer convective activitiesover the low latitudes including South China Sea and around the Philippines.Effects of winter sea ice extents in the Barents Sea on atmospheric circulation in the following spring and summer are also significant.The simulation result shows that when winter sea ice extent in the target region is larger (smaller) than normal.(1)in the following spring (averaged from April to June).positive (negative) SLP anomalies occupy the northern central Pacific.which leads directly to weakened (deepened)Aleutian low.and further favors the light (heavy) sea ice condition in the Bering Sea:(2)in the following summer,thermal depression in Asian Continent is deepened (weakened).and the subtropical high in the northwestern Pacific shifts northward(southward) from its normal position and to be strengthened (weakened). 相似文献
10.
By using a 2-layer AGCM designed by Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy ofSciences.this paper investigates influences of thickness and extent variations in Arctic sea ice onthe atmosphere circulation,particularly on climate variations in East Asia.The simulation resuhshave indicated that sea ice thickness variation in the Arctic exhibits significant influences onsimulation results,particularly on East Asian monsoon.A nearly reasonable distribution of sea icethickness in the model leads directly to stronger winter and summer monsoon over East Asia.andimproves the model's simulation results for Siberia high and Icelandic low in winter.On the otherhand,sea ice thickness variation can excite a teleconnection wave train across Asian Continent,andin low latitudes,the wave propagates from the western Pacific across the equator to the easternPacific.In addition,the variation of sea ice thickness also influences summer convective activitiesover the low latitudes including South China Sea and around the Philippines.Effects of winter sea ice extents in the Barents Sea on atmospheric circulation in the followingspring and summer are also significant.The simulation result shows that when winter sea iceextent in the target region is larger (smaller) than normal.(1)in the following spring (averagedfrom April to June).positive (negative) SLP anomalies occupy the northern central Pacific.whichleads directly to weakened (deepened)Aleutian low.and further favors the light (heavy) sea icecondition in the Bering Sea:(2)in the following summer,thermal depression in Asian Continent isdeepened (weakened).and the subtropical high in the northwestern Pacific shifts northward(southward) from its normal position and to be strengthened (weakened). 相似文献
11.
为了进一步了解全球变暖背景下北极海冰与东亚冬季风的关系及其变化,本文选用东亚冬季风北模态及南模态作为东亚冬季风指数,利用滑动相关分析、回归分析及合成分析研究了全球变暖背景下1953—2021年北极海冰密集度与东亚冬季风关系的变化特征及其机制。结果表明:11月巴伦支海海冰密集度与东亚冬季风北模态之间的关系发生了显著变化,从1962—1977年显著正相关转为1983—1999年显著负相关,2000年以后两者无显著关系。1962—1977年11月巴伦支海海冰偏多对应东亚冬季风偏强,这是大气环流影响海冰的结果,11月的大气环流异常特征维持到了冬季,使得欧亚大陆上空大气呈现出北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation,AO)负位相,在增强东亚冬季风的同时将中高纬大陆干冷空气输送至巴伦支海,在表面风应力的作用下巴伦支海海冰增多。1983—1999年则由前一时期的大气环流影响海冰变为海冰影响大气环流,11月巴伦支海海冰显著减少在冬季激发出了北极涛动负位相,加强东亚大槽及东亚高空西风急流,从而使得东亚冬季风偏强。2000年以后北极海冰与东亚冬季风北模态的关系明显减弱,此时东亚冬季风与北极涛动的负相关关系更为显著。 相似文献
12.
利用1979–2021年NCEP2.5°×2.5°、MOHC1°×1°海洋等资料,通过经验正交函数（EOF）分解、合成分析和相关分析等方法,分析了我国南方地区初秋气温的年际变化特征及其相关的大气和海洋异常。结果表明：（1）我国南方地区初秋气温主要表现为一致变化型和经向偶极变化型两种模态。（2）一致变化空间型主要受到高纬度西伯利亚高压和东亚大槽以及中低纬度地区的副热带高压和近地面风的共同影响,而经向偶极变化型则主要受到我国东北地区与我国长江下游流域对流层位势高度反位相变化的影响。（3）一致变化空间型与前期冬季我国邻近海域以及赤道印度洋和东太平洋地区海温异常、鄂霍茨克海和拉布拉多海海冰异常有关,经向偶极变化型则与前期冬季赤道中东太平洋的海温异常、鄂霍茨克海和巴伦支海海冰异常有关。 相似文献
13.
Sea ice in the Barents Sea: seasonal to interannual variability and climate feedbacks in a global coupled model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Torben Koenigk Uwe Mikolajewicz Johann H. Jungclaus Alexandra Kroll 《Climate Dynamics》2009,32(7-8):1119-1138
Sea ice variability in the Barents Sea and its impact on climate are analyzed using a 465-year control integration of a global coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice model. Sensitivity simulations are performed to investigate the response to an isolated sea ice anomaly in the Barents Sea. The interannual variability of sea ice volume in the Barents Sea is mainly determined by variations in sea ice import into Barents Sea from the Central Arctic. This import is primarily driven by the local wind field. Horizontal oceanic heat transport into the Barents Sea is of minor importance for interannual sea ice variations but is important on longer time scales. Events with strong positive sea ice anomalies in the Barents Sea are due to accumulation of sea ice by enhanced sea ice imports and related NAO-like pressure conditions in the years before the event. Sea ice volume and concentration stay above normal in the Barents Sea for about 2 years after an event. This strongly increases the albedo and reduces the ocean heat release to the atmosphere. Consequently, air temperature is much colder than usual in the Barents Sea and surrounding areas. Precipitation is decreased and sea level pressure in the Barents Sea is anomalously high. The large-scale atmospheric response is limited with the main impact being a reduced pressure over Scandinavia in the year after a large ice volume occurs in the Barents Sea. Furthermore, high sea ice volume in the Barents Sea leads to increased sea ice melting and hence reduced surface salinity. Generally, the climate response is smallest in summer and largest in winter and spring. 相似文献
14.
G. V. Alekseev N. I. Glok A. V. Smirnov A. E. Vyazilova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(8):544-558
The effects of Atlantic water inflow on the climate variability in the Barents Sea are studied. Initial data are the series of water temperature at the Kola meridian cross-section, monthly values of ice extent, air temperature at the stations, sea level pressure from the reanalysis data, and sea surface temperature. The methods of multivariate correlation, spectral, and factor analysis and EOF decomposition are used. It was found that variations in the Atlantic water inflow define the main part of interannual variability of sea ice extent, water temperature, and air temperature in the Barents Sea in the cold season. The influence of regional atmospheric circulation on the interannual variability of these parameters is small. The effects that water temperature anomalies in the area of Newfoundland and in the equatorial part of the North Atlantic have on climate parameters in the Barents Sea are discovered. The response of these parameters lags behind the respective anomalies by 9-58 months. The high correlation between them makes it possible to develop the method of statistical forecasting of sea ice extent and water temperature in the Barents Sea with the lead time up to 4 years. 相似文献
15.
Characteristics of Two General Circulation Patterns During Floods over the Changjiang-Huaihe River Valley 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Characteristics of the atmospheric general circulation during the catastrophic floods over the Changjiang- Huaihe River Valley(CHRV)are investigated.There are two precipitation patterns over China in the CHRV flood years:the CHRV flood-whole country-wet(P1)pattern and the CHRV flood-south(north)side-dry (P2)pattern.The circulation analysis results show that there are obvious differences between the NH 500- hPa geopotential height fields of P1 and P2 precipitation patterns.The establishment of East Asia-Atlantic (EAA)correlation chain(the South China Sea(SCS)high-the Meiyu trough-the Okhotsk Sea high over East Asia)is a critical condition for excessive summer precipitation over the CHRV,while the European blocking high plays an important role in determining the precipitation pattern over China in the CHRV flood years.Besides,the relation between the EAA correlation chain and the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA)in the North Pacific is also studied. 相似文献
16.
华西地区（25°N～35°N,100°E～110°E）是中国秋季降水主要地区之一。本文根据华西地区72站月平均降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和哈德莱中心海温及海冰资料,利用相关和回归等分析方法研究了1961～2014年华西地区秋雨的年代际变率及其与大气环流和海温的关系。华西秋季降水年代际变率分解为呈现显著下降趋势的P1时段（1964～1998年）和呈现上升趋势的P2时段（1998～2014年）发现,对应P1时段降水下降趋势的华西区域大气位势高度异常场具有西正东负结构,大尺度环流场显示为从大西洋东传经北极巴伦支—喀拉海区至东亚的准纬向波列,该波列体现了上游负位相NAO（North Atlantic Oscillation）的调制作用。对于P2时段的降水上升趋势,其位势高度场配置与P1时段相反,而大尺度波列结构在欧亚大陆的部分呈西北—东南走向,且整体偏西,体现了上游正位相NAO的调制作用。这种环流结构导致华西区域西北侧形成负异常中心,有利于西南暖湿气流进入研究区域。影响华西秋雨趋势转折的海温关键区位于热带中东太平洋和热带印度洋。在P1时段,华西秋雨降水趋势与同期热带中东太平洋和印度洋海温呈显著正相关关系。而在P2时段,华西秋雨与前冬热带中东太平洋和印度洋海温存在显著负相关,前冬西北太平洋海温正异常也同时影响了华西秋雨的上升趋势。 相似文献
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利用Hadley海冰密集度资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了北极海冰融冰量及其与大气变量年际关系的年代际变化。结果表明,北极海冰存在显著的年代际变化,且有较强的区域性。东西伯利亚海和波弗特海海冰融冰量的平均值变大且方差增大,格陵兰岛以东洋面海冰融冰量的量值和变率均在减弱。对3个不同气候时段内北极海冰融冰量进行EOF分解,前两个模态均在3个气候时段发生显著的年代际变化,东西伯利亚海海冰融冰量的增加与EOF第一模态年代际变化相关,而EOF第二模态则明显造成了波弗特海海冰的年代际消融。并且,与之相应的大气环流也出现了明显的年代际变化,它们与AO/NAO的年际关系也存在年代际转折,融冰量第二模态与AO的年际关系更为紧密,1960—1990年第二模态与AO的相关系数仅为0.186,而1980—2010年相关系数已升高至0.367。整个北冰洋的海冰融冰量与AO的年际关系也出现了年代际增强,尤其是东西伯利亚地区海冰融冰量与AO的年际关系发生了年代际增强,1980—2010年两者相关达到了0.4以上。而波弗特海融冰量与AO相关系数变化较大,1960—1990年其的相关系数高达-0.488,1980年后却减少至0.161。然而AO却未发生明显的年代际变化。造成北极海冰融冰量及其与大气变量年际关系发生年代际变化的主要因子之一是波弗特高压,其年代际减弱使得极区向东西伯利亚海和波弗特海的海冰输送减弱,导致这两个区域海冰减少,使得AO与北极海冰的年际关系发生了年代际转折。 相似文献
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2018/2019年冬季,东亚冬季风较常年同期偏强,西伯利亚高压偏强。在北半球500 hPa高度距平场上,乌拉尔山地区为高度场正异常,贝加尔湖 巴尔喀什湖地区为高度场负异常,欧亚中高纬整体以经向型环流为主。冬季冷空气活动较频繁且强度偏强,受其影响,除东北地区、西南地区及华南地区中东部等地气温较常年同期偏高外,全国其余地区气温偏低。此外,欧亚中高纬环流季节内调整明显,导致我国气温异常表现出明显的阶段性特征。前期秋季巴伦支海 喀拉海海冰密集度偏低是造成东亚冬季风偏强的重要原因。 相似文献
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两类江淮大水的大气环流特征 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
文中研究了江淮流域特大洪涝的环流特征。江淮流域洪涝年全国降水有两类分布型:即江淮流域大水年中国降水偏多型和江淮流域大水其南北降水偏少型。研究了这两类降水分布型的环流特征,结果指出:北半球500 hPa位势高度场有着显著的差异。东亚大西洋相关链的建立(南海高压、梅雨槽和鄂霍茨克海高压)是江淮流域多雨的重要条件,而欧洲阻塞高压的建立在全国降水分布型中起着重要的作用。进而研究了东亚大西洋相关链与北太平洋海温的关系。 相似文献