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1.
The food selectivity of tethered females of the copepodCalanus helgolandicus was examined by using the colorimetric approach. First, feeding behavior of the copepod did not show any differences between
the red-color stained with neutral red and non-stained diets using the diatomCoscinodiscus curvatulus. Then, the copepods were fed a mixtures of two diets, the diatomC. curvatulus, stained with neutral red, and the dinoflagellateGymnodinium sanguineum for 14~60 minutes of feeding duration. The foregut colors of females were examined using a stereo-microscope and a video
monitor. The foreguts of animals fed with a high density of diatoms in mixed diets showed a dark red color, whereas those
fed with a high density of dinoflagellate in mixed diets were a dark yellow. The results suggest that this species of copepod
may not selectively feed either one of the diets used for this study. Their feeding activity may be more likely related to
the density of available prey in their environment. Therefore, this quick and easy colorimetric approach could provide very
useful information, like the pre-screening procedure before designing and conducting the time-consuming and complex feeding
experiments to understand the feeding ecology of copepods. 相似文献
2.
We present the results of experimental investigations of the characteristics of turbulence in the layer of wave-induced mixing.
The data on the fluctuations of velocity, temperature, and conductivity are obtained with the help of a Sigma-1 measuring complex. The computed values of the dissipation rate of turbulent energy are compared with different models proposed
for the subsurface layer. It is shown that the available models fail to guarantee satisfactory agreement of the numerical
results with the experimental data for the layer of active wave action and, in particular, in the presence of swell. This
leads us to the conclusion concerning the necessity of parametrization and assimilation of more complete data on the state
of the sea surface, the structure of currents, and the surface layer of the atmosphere in the models.
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Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 2, pp. 15–28, March–April, 2007. 相似文献
3.
B. A. Kagan A. A. Timofeev E. H. A. Rashidi 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2012,48(4):432-443
To find variations in the dynamics of the surface M 2 tide in the White Sea induced by the spatially inhomogeneity of the resistance coefficient, we use a modified version of the QUODDY-4 three-dimensional finite-element hydrostatic model. This version differs from the original version in that it has a module introduced to calculate the resistance coefficient in the bottom boundary layer (BBL). The resistance coefficient is found from resistance laws for an oscillating rotating turbulent BBL over hydrodynamically rough and partially rough (smoothly rough) underlying surfaces describing the dependence of the resistance coefficient and other integral characteristics of resistance on dimensionless similarity parameters: the sea-bottom Rossby number Ro, the streaming Reynolds number Re, and the relative (normalized to tidal frequency) inertial frequency f/σ. The use of spatial inhomogeneity of the resistance coefficient was shown not to lead to considerable changes in tidal characteristics. The values of these characteristics are several times larger than the instrumental measurement errors for the level and velocity but less than the errors in their calculation. 相似文献
4.
We measured the ammonium excretion, phosphate excretion and respiration rates of the scyphomedusa Aurelia aurita from Ondo Strait, in the central part of the Inland Sea of Japan, at 28 and 20°C. The rates measured at 28°C were converted
to those at 20°C using the Q10 values, i.e. 1.56, 1.57 and 2.80, for ammonium excretion, phosphate excretion and respiration rates, respectively. The composite
relationships between metabolic rates and wet weight of a medusa (WW, g, range 11–1330 g) at 20°C were expressed by the following allometric equations. For ammonium excretion rate (N, μmoles N medusa−1d−1): N = 0.497WW
1.09, phosphate excretion rate (P, μmoles P medusa−1d−1): P = 0.453WW
0.84, and respiration rate (R, μmoles O2 medusa−1d−1): R = 96.9WW
1.06. Mean O:N ratios (i.e. atomic ratios of 16.9 and 11.0 at 28 and 20°C, respectively) indicated that the metabolism of A. aurita medusae was protein-dominated. These metabolic parameters enabled us to estimate the nitrogen and phosphorus regeneration
rates of an A. aurita medusa population typical of early summer in the Ondo Strait (means of water temperature, medusa individual weight and population
biomass: 20°C, 200 g WW and 50.8 g WW m−3, respectively). Regenerated nitrogen and phosphorus were equivalent to 10.0 and 21.6% of phytoplankton uptake rates, respectively,
nearly twice that estimated for mesozooplankton, demonstrating that A. aurita medusae are key components of the plankton community, influencing the trophic and nutrient dynamics in the Ondo Strait during
early summer. 相似文献
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Soo Woon Kim Sam Moon Kim Dong Kun Lee Hyo Bang Moon Hee Gu Choi Chang Keun Kang Eun Sang Choe 《Ocean Science Journal》2007,42(2):129-134
Increasing industrial development in the Masan Bay area of Korea over the past decades increased the risk for the survival
of marine organisms in the bay area by the deterioration of the water quality. Since living organisms have the ability to
adapt contamination-associated stimuli by the alteration of gene expression, changes in proteins can be used as an important
criterion for assessing the levels of environmental conditions. In this study, therefore, alterations of the expression of
proteins in the muscle ofLimanda yokohamae from Dukdong and Dotsum in the bay area were surveyed and characterized as compared with Haegumgang, which served as a control
site. The results demonstrated that the twenty spots detected from Dukdong and Dotsum were similar to each other. Fifteen
proteins were found to be predicted or undefined proteins, while five proteins were identified as heavy polypeptide 11 of
myosin, apolipoprotein A-I, fibroblast growth factor 17b precursor, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1 b and bonnie and clyde.
These data suggest that local fish in the bay area have dysfunction in muscle physiology including contraction, lipid metabolism,
proliferation and differentiation and nervous system. 相似文献
7.
Seok Lee Heung-Jae Lie Cheol-Ho Cho Sok Kuh Kang William J. Teague Kyung-Il Chang Kyu-Min Song Kyung-Hee Oh 《Ocean Science Journal》2011,46(2):73-84
The vertical structure of the M2 tidal current in the Yellow Sea is analyzed from data acquired using an acoustic Doppler current profiler. The observed vertical
profiles of the M2 tidal current are decomposed into two rotating components of counter-clockwise and clockwise, and restructured using a simple
one-point model with a constant vertical eddy viscosity. The analyzed results show that the internal fictional effect dominates
the vertical structure of the tidal current in the bottom boundary layer. In the Yellow Sea, the effect of the bottom friction
reduces the current speed by about 20–40% and induces the bottom phase advance by about 15–50 minutes. In the shallower coastal
regions, the effects of bottom topography are more prominent on the vertical structure of tidal currents. The vertical profile
of the tidal current in summer, when the water column is strongly stratified, is disturbed near the pycnocline layer. The
stratification significantly influences the vertical shear and distinct seasonal variation of the tidal current. 相似文献
8.
The tropospheric NO2 content over the Moscow region is analyzed on the basis of data of the satellite Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) in the
period 2004–2009. The spatial distributions of NO2 are presented, and some of their features are interpreted. The characteristics of the seasonal and weekly cycles of NO2 are described, as are its interannual and long-term variations. The relationship between the variabilities of the NO2 content and the aerological parameters is investigated on different time scales. The mutual influence of regional pollution
and meteorological regimes is discussed. The seasonal and weekly NO2 cycles over Moscow are compared with those over the largest worldwide agglomerations. 相似文献
9.
The surface M
2 tide in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) is reproduced on the basis of the QUODDY-4 three-dimensional finite-element
hydrodynamic model. Particular emphasis has been placed on comparing model estimates for the amplitudes and phases of tidal
elevations and the parameters of ellipses (major semiaxis and eccentricity) of the barotropic tidal current velocity with
observational data. We present their spatial distributions and the distributions of averaged (over a tidal cycle) values of
the density, horizontal transfer, and dissipation rate of barotropic tidal energy. It is found that the CAA is a much less
effective dissipator of barotropic tidal energy than the World Ocean. 相似文献
10.
Yu. A. Fedorov I. V. Dotsenko A. N. Kuznetsov A. A. Belov E. A. Loginov 《Oceanology》2009,49(2):211-217
The principal regularities were ascertained for the spatiotemporal distribution of organic carbon in the water and bottom sediments of the Russian part of the Sea of Azov. The relationships between allo- and autochthonous organic matter in water and bottom sediments from different parts of the sea aquatic area were found. The behavior of organic carbon in the water-bottom sediments system was characterized as the effect of the variability of hydrochemical, biological, and hydrological factors ad processes. 相似文献
11.
V. V. Sapozhnikov N. M. Zozulya S. I. Stolyarskii A. V. Azarenko D. N. Katunin 《Oceanology》2010,50(4):627-629
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Dongseon Kim Man-Sik Choi Hae-Young Oh Yun-Ho Song Jae-Hoon Noh Kyung Hee Kim 《Journal of Oceanography》2011,67(5):577-588
Export fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC) were estimated from the 234Th/238U disequilibrium in the Ulleung Basin1 (UB) of the East/Japan Sea1 (EJS) over four seasons. The fluxes were calculated by multiplying the average POC/234Th ratio of sinking particles larger than 0.7 μm at 100- and 200-m water depths to 234Th fluxes by the integrated 234Th/238U disequilibrium from the surface to 100-m water depth. In spring, the 234Th profiles changed dramatically with sampling time, and hence a non-steady-state 234Th model was used to estimate the 234Th fluxes. The 234Th flux estimated from the non-steady-state model was an order of magnitude higher than that estimated from the steady-state
model. The 234Th fluxes estimated using the steady-state model showed distinct seasonal variation, with high values in summer and winter
and low values in autumn. In spring, the phytoplankton biomass had the highest value, and primary production was higher than
in summer and autumn, but the 234Th fluxes were moderate. However, these values might have been significantly underestimated, as the 234Th fluxes were estimated using the steady-state model. The POC export fluxes estimated in autumn were about four times lower
than those in other seasons when they were rather similar. The annually averaged POC flux was estimated to be 161 ± 76 mgC m−2 day−1, which was somewhat lower than that in highly productive coastal areas, and higher than that in oligotrophic regions. The
export/primary production (ThE) ratios ranged from 7.0 to 56.1%, with higher values in spring and summer and lower values
in autumn and winter. In summer, a high ThE ratio of 48.4 ± 7.0% was measured. This may be attributed to the mass diatom sinking
event following nitrate depletion. In the UB1, the annually averaged ThE ratio was estimated to be 34.4 ± 12.9%, much higher than that in oligotrophic oceans. The high
ThE ratio may have contributed to the high organic carbon accumulation in the UB1. 相似文献
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On the basis of hydrographic data obtained during two October cruises of 1995, a modified inverse method is used to compute the Kuroshio east of Taiwan and the currents east of the Ryukyu-gunto.The net northward volume transport(VT) of the Kuroshio through Section TK2-K2 southeast of Taiwan is about 57.8×106 m3/s.There are four current cores of the Kuroshio at Section TK2-K2.Its main core is near the south of Taiwan, and its maximum speed is about 257 cm/s at the surface.After the Kuroshio flows through Section TK2-K2, there are three branches of the Kuroshio.The main branch of the Kuroshio flows northward into Section TKa east of Su''ao.The second branch of the Kuroshio flows northward through Section TKa and then enters the East China Sea through the region between Yonakunijima and Iriomote-shima.The net northward VT of the Kuroshio through Section TK4 is about 21.6×106 m3/s.The eastern branch of the Kuroshio flows northeastward through the region between a stronger cyclonic eddy and a recirculating anticyclonic gyre, and then flows continuously northeastward to the region east of the Ryūkyū-guntō and becomes a part of the origin of the western boundary current east of the Ryūkyū-guntō.Another part of the origin of the western boundary current east of the Ryūkyū-guntō comes from a recirculating anticyclonic gyre.From the above, in the regions east of Taiwan end east of the Ryūkyū-guntō the pattern of circulation during October of 1995 differs from the pattern of circulation during early summer of 1985.There are several eddies of different scales in this computational region.For example, there is a meso-scale stronger cyclonic eddy whose center is located at about 23°N, 124°20''E. 相似文献
18.
The Amur River’s influence on the distribution of the opportunistic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes in the western part of the Sea of Okhotsk is discussed. The presence of Listeria in the seawater, sea ice, and sediments
on the northeastern Sakhalin shelf and slope supports the idea of its connection with the Amur River discharge. The hypothesis
of the allochtonic parentage of L. monocytogenes in the sea’s development is proved. 相似文献
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Mutsuo Inoue Yusuke Nakano Yoko Kiyomoto Hisaki Kofuji Yasunori Hamajima Masayoshi Yamamoto 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(3):425-428
A total of 21 surface water samples were collected on the east side of the East China Sea (ECS) (3 sites) and at the Tsushima
Strait (1 site), and 226Ra and 228Ra activities were measured using low-background γ-spectrometry. The 228Ra/226Ra ratios among the samples exhibited notable seasonal variation (228Ra/226Ra = 0.2–2.6) accompanying changes of salinity (31.7–34.7). Seasonal water circulation within the ECS is hypothesized to cause
the change by altering the mixing ratio of 228Ra-rich continental shelf water and 228Ra-poor Kuroshio water. 相似文献