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1.
Abstract

Lineaments have proved to have greater control over groundwater but their depth persistence and their control over groundwater flow have remain unexplored for many years. In the present study an attempt has been made to unearth the depth persistence of lineaments by integrating data collected from resistivity soundings. The lineaments are interpreted from IRS 1A imagery and revealed NE‐SW, NNW‐SSE, NNE‐SSW, N‐S, E‐W and NW‐SE orientations. The integration of resistivity data shows that N‐S and NW‐SE trending lineaments have depth persistence and also have greater control over groundwater movement.  相似文献   

2.
Drainage and lineaments play an important role in the flow of groundwater. The objective of this study is to assess the groundwater level and its relation to drainage and lineaments in a hard rock region of a part of Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, southern India. The region predominantly comprise of granites and gneisses. Groundwater level was measured in 42 representative wells in this study area from March 2008 to January 2010 once in every two months. Observed groundwater levels were compared with drainage and dyke density. Groundwater level fluctuation in low drainage density region is generally greater than those in moderate and high drainage density regions. The dykes do not act as barriers for groundwater flow as they are highly weathered. The quantity and flow of groundwater in this region is predominantly controlled by drainage density, intensity of weathering and presence of fractures. Thus the study indicate that the drainage density play a major role in groundwater level fluctuation and as the dykes are weathered, they do not affect the groundwater flow in this shallow unconfined aquifer.  相似文献   

3.
Aerial photo-interpretation of the area underlain by Bandelkhand gneisses, Bijawars and Vindhyans, around Madaura and Sonrai in Lalitpur Dist. of U.P., revealed the presence of a number of lineaments. During fieldwork the lineaments were found to represent ultrabasic, basic and acidic intrusions, faultzones, lithological contacts and foliation. The drainage of the area was found to be grossly controlled by these elements. Three major trends viz. NW-SE, NE-SW and E-W are observed in the area. The first two represent shear joint system, while the latter represent release fractures. This setup is visualised to be due to N-S phase of compression.  相似文献   

4.
To evaluate the hydrogeomorphological conditions of Niva river basin Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, geological, hydrogeological and geomorphological studies were carried out. through visual interpretation of Landsat 5, FCC with adequate ground truth. The study shows that the Niva river basin is occupied by granites and gneisses of Archaean age with intrusive bodies of dolerites. The recent alluvium deposits are present along the stream courses. The study area is traversed by various directional fractures/lineaments and most of them are NESW, ENE-WSW and EW directions. Groundwater potential of geomorphological units viz. Denudational hill, Residual hill, Pediment, Pediplain and Valley fill is discussed.  相似文献   

5.
The present study is based on digital analysis of IRS 1C/1D LISS-III and IRS P6 LISS-IV images for identification of lineaments in Meja Thermal Power Plant site in Allahabad district. In spite of all limitations due to anthropogenic activities of stone quarrying and criss cross unmetalled roads, almost non-existent vegetation indicators and soil moisture, the efforts were made to identify and map a number of lineaments in the study area and these were subsequently verified in the field. Most of the lineaments identified and mapped are not having any major displacement along them or are not displacing or truncating any major rock unit. Field investigations have revealed that there is no drastic change in the trend of rocks along the lineaments mapped in the study area. On the basis of digital analysis of IRS P6 LISS-IV data NE–SW and NW–SE trending lineaments have been identified and mapped. Some NNE–SSW trending lineaments have also been mapped. All the lineaments demarcated in this area still need to be correlated with the seismic data of the area by superimposing the microseismicity data over lineaments.  相似文献   

6.
Geological and geomorphological mapping was carried out for a part of Ganjam district, Orissa through visual interpretation of IRS-IB LISS II flase colour composites. Various lithounits such as khondalites, charnockites and granites of Archaean age were mapped. The study area is traversed by two sets of vertical joints — one trending in NE-SW direction and the other in NW-SE direction. Three sets of lineaments in the study area trending in NE-SW, NW-SE and ENE-WSW suggest that the study area was subject to very high degree of deformation in the past. Major geomorphic units delineated are, Hills, Pediments, Valley Fills, New Flood Plains, Old Flood Plains, New Coastal Plains and Old Coastal Plains. Different landforms under each geomorphic unit are also mapped.  相似文献   

7.
Godavari sub-watershed is a part of buried pediplain developed over ‘Chotanagpur’ granite gneiss. Aquifer is unconfined in nature and groundwater occurs under water table condition. In the study area, groundwater is being exploited only through dugwells which are not capable of sustaining long duration pumping. Groundwater exploration involves the investigation of depth and nature of weathered and fractured horizon. To understand the groundwater storage and retrieval in the area, the basement topography derived from Digital Basement Topography Modelling (DBTM), the lineaments identified on remotely sensed data and geohydrological and physiographic data have been analysed. From DBTM, fracture zones have also been inferred. Lineaments (probable fractures) identified with the help of remotely sensed data are linear features representated on a planner surface. Lineaments in the area are subtle in expression due to deeply buried pediplian. Correlation of lineaments with DBTM reveals that a few lineaments/fractures are deep seated and a few have no sub-surface extensions. Also some sub-surface fractures inferred from DBTM have no expressions on the image. Attempt has been made to delineate more authentic lineaments/fractures with the help of remotely sensed data and DBTM. Correlation of probable fractures inferred from remotely sensed data and fracture zones inferred from DBTM indicated that 40 per cent of lineaments seems to be real fractures. Higher correlation may be achieved where lineaments are prominent and reproducible. It has also been observed that those lineaments which correlate with the fracture zones inferred from DBTM, are also not completely traceable in their linear extent. The exaggeration in length of lineaments may be due to subtle nature of lineaments. Correlation shows that remotely sensed lineaments are improtant for groundwater exploration and its authenticity can be further ascertained with DBTM.  相似文献   

8.
The area around Panwari town, Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh, faces acute water scarcity and chronically drought prone. The groundwater resources in the area have not been fully exploited. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the groundwater prospective zones. Landsat TM and IRS-1A LISS-II data have been used to differentiate different hydromorphogeological units and to delineate the major trends of lineaments. The digitally enhanced False Colour Composite, Principal Component Analysis and Edge Detections were useful for better correlation. The digital enhancement was helpful with identification of faint lineaments. In addition, the boundaries of various lands forms were better discriminable on the digitally enhanced products. The deeply and moderately weathered buried pediplains are the most potential zones for groundwater targeting. Occurrence of lineaments in such zones is also a favourable indicator. A number of promising groundwater well sites have been located in the pediplains.  相似文献   

9.
Various image processing techniques were experimented with in this study to evaluate their efficiency for geological mapping in the Eljufra area of northwest Libya. Remote sensing data including multi-spectral optical Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+), Synthetic Aperture Radar (ERS-2 SAR) and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) extracted from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data were used to trace different lithological units as well as extracting geological lineaments in the study area. The study area is located in an arid environment mostly devoid of any vegetation. Most lithological and structural units are distinguishable based on their topographic form and spectral properties. Fusion of ETM+ and ERS-2 images was experimented with to further identify lithological units. Shaded relief techniques were implemented to enhance terrain perspective views and to extract geological lineaments. The results discriminated different rock units and modified formation boundaries and revealed new geological lineaments. Nine rock units were identified and plotted in the new geological map defined by the new boundaries. The dominant lineaments tend to run in the NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW directions. Analysis and interpretation of the lineaments provided information about the tectonic evolution of the study area.  相似文献   

10.
The Uthangarai-Thirthamalai region in Dharmapuri district is a typical Precambrian tract in Tamil Nadu. IRS-1C satellite imagery was used for interpreting folds, faults, fractures and lineaments, in this region. As interpreted from the satellite imagery, there are five major structural domains, which control the Ponnaiyar, Pambar, Vaniyar and Kovilar river courses and other drainage pattern in this region. Presence of fault rock, epidotization and sympathetic fractures along such folds and faults reveals the intensity of tectonism in this sector. The interpreted lineaments have been classified into five major groups on the basis of their geometry and orientation. From the rose diagram, it is inferred that the NNW-SSE trending lineaments are fall in major frequency domain. The springs observed near Hanumanthirtham and Thirthamalai region could be structurally originated. The geomorphology interpreted from the satellite data has shown significant morphological expression of folds, faults and lineaments. The geophysical data have been analysed and correlated with intensity of weathering by fractures and lineaments.  相似文献   

11.
An area of about 1000 square kilometres in Cuddapah and Nellore districts of Andhra Pradesh is studied to bring out the different landforms and other geomorphic features, their material content and distribution, the processes that have acted and are acting in the evolution of landscape and ultimately to get an idea of the geomorphic history of the area. The data obtained during the present study is mainly through remote sensing-techniques (Landsat image and airphoto interpretation) with field checks. The study area forms a part of southeastern Cuddapah Basin and consists of structurally disturbed and deformed sedimentary sequence of varied lithology. The impor-tant rock types in the area are granites, gneisses, quartzites, shales, phyllites, limestones and dolomites. The area presently comes under semi-arid climatic zone. The different landforms recognised and mapped in the area are hog-back ridges, piedmont fans, valley fills, river built plain, abandoned channels, point bars, ’ V‘ shaped valleys, piedmont zone, colluvial plain, residual hills, besides lineaments.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

Photogeological techniques were used to analyze Landsat‐TM images of the Paraiba State, which resulted in the identification of the following structures: lineaments of regional extent, short en echelon lineaments, intricate ramification of the wrench system, and infrastructures among major lineaments and circular or ring structures. This lineament map was correlated to existing geological maps, to areas of known hydrothermal mineralization (Cu, Au, Mo, Ni, W and Ti), and the lineament map was verified in the field reconnaissance. Due to lack of systematic studies of the geology and natural resources of the region the mineral exploration is still in rudimentary stages. The objective of this research is to emphasize the detection and analysis of lineaments, their patterns, and geometry and their relations with the occurrence of mineral resources and its exploration in areas as yet explored. A large number of mineral‐bearing pegmatites of the region are controlled by major lineaments and associated minor lineaments. It is believed that the structures of interest in search for mineral deposits are warping part of the minor shear zones, the intersections of short and regional lineaments, and the circular features.  相似文献   

13.
The Varushanad hills forms the eastern offshoot of the Western Ghats and the Cumbum valley divides the Varushnad hills from the Western Ghats. Investigations were carried out in about 1700 sq Km comprising the Cumbum valley and the Varushanad hills of the Western Ghats situated in Periakulam Srivalliputhur and Usilampatti taluks of Tamil Nadu on the geological and geomorphological aspects. Remote sensing techniques were used and limited field checks were made. Visual interpretation of aerial photographs on 1:60,000 scale was carried out for identifying the geomorphological features, drainage pattern and lithology. Digital analysis of the Landsat computer compatible tape (CCT) path-row 154–053 was also carried out to delineate major lithological variations. Major lineaments were also mapped from the Landsat imagery and false colour composite. The rock types of the Cumbum valley and the Varushanad hills are mainly charnockites, granite gneiss and pink granites which have been deformed by folds and faults. The various geomorphological units of the area are ridges, valleys, bazada zone and pediment zone of mountain complex. Resources evalution studies on the potential zone of ground water and possible construction materials were also discussed.  相似文献   

14.
Seismically active lineaments of Kerala State were identified by correlating the lineaments mapped using IRS LISS-I data with the earthquake occurrences. There are 31 earthquake incidences in Kerala since 1821, out of which 22 are falling on/close to 9 major lineaments/faults (length more than 20 km) indicating the possible correlation between lineaments/faults and earthquakes. It was observed that the earthquake occurrences are mostly associated with the NNW-SSE to NW-SE trending lineaments (6 out of 9 lineaments), which are considered to be formed sympathetic to the West Coast Fault. Hence, there is a need to monitor these seismically active lineaments using advanced techniques such as GPS, SAR Interferometry etc. for better understanding of the influence of these lineaments on the seismic activities of Kerala.  相似文献   

15.
The paper describes the details of a comparative study of geological interpretations carried out from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery, Landsat MSS (B & W) imagery and Aerial Photographs, covering 2100 sq km of area in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. The area comprises Peninsular—Gneissic Complex and rocks of Dharwar and Cuddapah Super Groups beside the Quaternary alluvial deposits along the Penneru river and its tributaries. Geomorphologically the areas is represented by denudational, fluvial and structural landforms. The study indicates that the details of the geological and geomorphological maps prepared from SAR imagery and aerial photographs are comparable despite the smaller scale of SAR imagery while the same are not exhibited in Landsat imagery mainly due to its low resolution. Although broad lithological units are possible to be discriminated on SAR as well as aerial photographs, some of the finer rock types viz. gabbroic dykes could be discriminated from the delerite dykes in the SAR imagery due to their different surface roughness. Stereoscopic coverage and enhanced micro-relief of SAR imagery gives better geomorphological details in comparison to aerial photographs. A detailed study of lineaments has also been carried out which shows that in SAR imagery there is over-representation of short lineaments due to enhanced micro-relief and radarshadow effects across the look direction and under-representation of lineaments along the look direction. Landsat imagery is perhaps the best for demarcating lineaments of regional magnitude while aerial photographs are good for depicting shorter lineaments. However, certain lineaments seen in SAR imagery are often not continuously seen on aerial photographs.  相似文献   

16.
Eco-Geomorphological zonation of The Bangaram Reef, Lakshadweep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Coral reefs, which are known for rich biological diversity and productivity, are being threatened throughout the world by various natural and anthropogenic activities. The present study concentrates on establishing methodology to zone the geo-morphological and ecological zones of the Bangaram reef (of atoll type), Lakshadweep islands, using remotely sensed data and adequately supported by field data. Classification system has been evolved to zone the reefs. Comparative studies have also been carried out using image processing techniques in order to establish the suitable technique for studying the Indian reefs. The IRS LISS III images representing three different tidal conditions of the period 1998-2000 were analyzed. The unsupervised classification of both the raw images as well as principal component images gave similar information. The classified product was subjected to contextual editing. Misclassification among various classes was found to increase with the increase in the depth of the water column present over the reef. The zones identified on the image are central deep lagoon, reef knolls (rising steeply from the central deep lagoon floor), reef edge, reef platform, coralline shelf, broad shallow sandy-bottomed lagoon, beach and two islets. The zonation has helped in getting information on the presence of live corals on the Bangaram reef. This kind of study is a valuable input in assessing the health of the reefs and its diversity.  相似文献   

17.
The geology of northwestern part of Indian peninsula is considered to be important due to complete preservation of rocks from Archaean to Upper Proterozoic. Further, these rocks have served as ideal host of varieties of economic minerals. The present work is an attempt to study the structurally deformed granulitic terrain in parts of Gujarat and Rajasthan in light of remote sensing. The study area falls under Sirohi, Banas Kantha and Sabar Kantha districts of Rajasthan and Gujarat. Remote sensing technique is utilized for the understanding of structural geology and deciphering the shear pattern. The methods adopted in this study include generation of False Color Composite (FCC) of satellite data, interpretation of lineaments from FCC and study the drainage pattern, structural basin delineation, profiling, and field mapping. It is observed that the area has undergone extensive deformation. There are two major sets of lineaments interpreted in the granulitic terrain such as WNW-ESE and NE-SW directions. Majority of the WNW-ESE lineaments are brittle in nature and N-S, NE-SW trending lineaments are ductile in nature. Overall the study area bifurcated into seven structural basins comprises of basic granulites, calc granulites and pelitic granulites.  相似文献   

18.
In the overall tectonic set up of various coal basins of the Peninsular India, the Son-Mahanadi Valley coal basins of Central India have a unique disposition. The coal measures sediments of Peninsular India are developed along well defined E-W and NW-SE trending linear narrow belts. The Son-Mahanadi Valley basins represent the tract where NW-SE trending Mahanadi Valley basins seemingly merge with the major east-west trending Damodar-Koel-Son-Satpura alignment. Landsat data of Son-Mahanadi Valley basins in the four spectral bands (0.5 to 1.1 Micrometers) were used to pick up the lineaments which are possibly of geologic origin. Detailed analysis of lineaments were carried out with the help of three softwares. Diglin (to produce rose diagram) and PLLIN (to plot digitized lineaments to produce a map on any scale) by a Hewlett Packard 45 series microcomputer equipped with graphics screen, plotter, digitiser and floppy disc unit. Detailed analysis revealed a pronounced direction roughly, N 70°E which is present in the northern half of the area while N 40°W direction is present alongwith N 70°E in the southern half. These trends correspond to the NW-SE trending Mahanadi Valley and to the E-W trending Damodar-Son Satpura belt. The above clearly brings out the striking parallelism between the lineament trends in the basement and the overlying coal bearing Gondwana Sediments. This parallelism is suggestive of a genetic relationship between the two.  相似文献   

19.
Identification of fractures/lineaments and hydrogeomorphic units is prerequisite for undertaking ground water exploration and development in any terrain. Use of satellite remote sensing techniques coupled with aerial photo-interpretation greatly aid in planning ground water exploration, and pin pointing well sites In this study, airborne and space borne data was used for qualitative evaluation of ground water resources and a critical appraisal of such study in combination with hydrogeological and hydrogeophysical techniques for ground water exploration and development in Keonjhar district of Orissa. The study area has been divided into various geomorphic units based on visual interpretation of Landsat (TM) false colour composite on. 1:2,50,000 scale and the ground water potential of each of the units is qualitatively assessed. Digital image processing techniques such as principal component analysis and brightness index were used for generating classified outputs. The features like valley fills, pediments ete appeared clearly on the classified image. Directional filtering brought out minor fractures/lineaments crisply. The study has revealed the significance of different hydrogeomorptuc units and lineaments in Controlling ground water potential of the area. The findings were corroborated by resalts of drilling and resistivity soundings.  相似文献   

20.
Of late, airphoto interpretation and Landsat imagery analysis play a vital role in geological mapping for detailed hydrogeological investigations for ground water prospecting. Certain obscure features like lineaments/fracture zones which are masked by surface soil and cultivated lands are easily visible. In hard rocks like granites and basalts the occurrence and movement of ground water are controlled by the fracture pattern. Delineation of potential zones of ground water for successful exploration is possible by the study and analysis of aerial photographs, visual interpretation of Landsat imagery and interactive data analysis system through computer techniques and applications. These techniques constitute for data integration with conventional methods of hydrogeological investigations and exploratory drilling. As a case study an area of 1500 sq km in part of the Narmada river basin of Madhya Pradesh and also forming a portion of Narmada Sagar area covered under topo sheets 46 N/12 and 46 N/16 was taken up. Aerial photographs pertaining to the area of study and Landsat imagery of band 5 and 7 in scale blown upto 1∶250,00 were scanned and analysed. It was observed that the successful artesian wells are located in pominent lineament/fractured zones in the study area. It is also recommended after through analysis different hyddromorphic zonations for future exploration of ground water.  相似文献   

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