共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 626 毫秒
1.
传统上,地球的电磁响应函数均采用最小二乘方法估计,它假定信号的噪声是高斯正态分布。如果实际数据偏离这种分布,对系统参数的估计将产生较大偏差。在海洋环境中,研究表明,海水产生的电磁场噪音偏离正态分布,并且海水产生电磁噪音的频率范围正好与天然电磁场的“噪声洞”相符。这进一步降低了该频段的信噪比。讨论了Ｒｏｂｕｓｔ估计的原理、海洋环境的电磁噪声、Ｒｏｂｕｓｔ的程序实现及其在海洋环境中大地电磁测深阻抗分析的应用。 相似文献
2.
去噪是大地电磁数据处理的重要一环。为了丰富和发展大地电磁时间序列去噪方法,将循环神经网络中的LSTM网络引入大地电磁时间序列方波噪声处理中,将实测无人文干扰的大地电磁时间序列叠加模拟方波噪声作为网络输入,将无噪原始时间序列作为网络的目标输出,训练了1 500次epoch后,网络从仿真含噪信号提取的时间序列与原始时间序列的归一化互相关系数高达0.971 8,说明网络很好地学习了无噪大地电磁时间序列的特征。通过实测含方波噪声信号的去噪试验,表明了本文方法可以有效压制方波噪声干扰,改善阻抗估计质量,为深度学习在大地电磁时间序列处理的应用提供了新思路。 相似文献
3.
先进的大地电磁资料处理和反演方法在INDEPTH-MT中的应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
简述了包括Ｒｏｂｕｓｔ估计、阻抗张量分解、Ｒｈｏｐｌｕｓ理论、二维快速松弛反演、静位移校正等一些先进的大地电磁资料处理和反演方法的理论。结合ＩＮＤＥＰＴＨ ＭＴ实测资料例举了它们的应用效果。提供了一套处理野外资料的系统流程。 相似文献
4.
在测量电场和磁场分量的过程中,由于地质因素、工频、人文干扰和其他外界因素以及观测系统所造成的干扰等,常常会使实际数据含有噪声,从而影响到视电阻率和相位的计算以及后续的正反演工作。为提高处理效果,在已有快速算法的基础上,将改进阈值的TI小波去噪法应用在大地电磁信号去噪中。利用该方法对大地电磁信号去噪,可以达到既有效去除噪声又较大程度地维持原始信号形态的目的。在对实测大地电磁数据进行去噪处理后的结果显示,该去噪方法使信号数据的突变现象得到有效的控制和减少,并使时间序列、视电阻率曲线和相位曲线的质量都有了明显的改善,因而具有较好的去噪效果。 相似文献
5.
通过选取不同的参考距离、不同质量的大地电磁实测数据作为互参考点,研究在分别采用本地电参考,本地磁参考,互参考电场,互参考磁场处理后的大地电磁测深数据的卡尼亚电阻率曲线及相位曲线,及分析了参考道方法在大地电磁测深数据处理中的应用效果。结果表明,采用互参考方法优于采用本地参考方法,且采用磁场作为参考信号要明显好于采用电场作为参考信号,所以多用磁场作为参考信号,也表明了互参考方法是有效的,可行的。 相似文献
6.
大地电磁测深法是一种利用天然交变的电磁场进行深部地质构造研究的频率域电磁测深方法,因其装备轻便、成本低、勘探深度大等特点,作为地震勘探的有利补充,被广泛应用于油气资源勘查领域.金羊盆地具有良好的油气资源潜力,但因其处于人文电磁干扰严重地区,近场源电磁干扰不可忽视,脉冲噪声虽影响范围小但其对电场信号干扰较大,充放电噪声对磁场干扰较大,且影响区域较广,有效压制噪声对天然电磁场信号的干扰具有重要意义.参考点选择适当,参考道数据处理技术可以有效压制非相关噪声,提高信噪比,改善数据质量.适当增加大地电磁测深数据的采集时长,对提高单点数据处理质量和参考道数据处理质量均有明显作用. 相似文献
7.
8.
随着社会的发展,各类干扰日益加剧,高质量的大地电磁采集也变得愈加困难。为了提高数据质量,学者们针对不同类型的噪声提出了很多对应的去噪方法,由于大地电磁数据量都比较大,去噪前不可能对每条数据进行人工判读,急需一种高效率的噪声识别和分类方法。基于此,本文将人工神经网络应用于大地电磁时间序列分类中,为了选取最为合适的大地电磁时间序列分类网络模型,使用模拟方波、工频、脉冲噪声以及实测无噪声数据4类时间序列类型,分别对LSTM、FCN、ResNet、LSTM-FCN及LSTM-ResNet模型进行了噪声分类训练和实测数据分类对比试验。结果表明,FCN及LSTM-FCN在大地电磁时序分类中具有相对较好的效果。其中,FCN模型对实测数据分类准确率最高可达99.84%,每个epoch平均用时9.6 s, LSTM-FCN较FCN具有更高的分类精度,实测数据集最高分类准确率近乎100%,但是其每个epoch平均用时24.6 s,且较FCN也更易过拟合。总体来看,如果数据量较少使用LSTM-FCN可以获取更高的分类精度,数据量较大时需考虑时间成本,使用FCN则更为合适。最后,利用LSTM-FCN分类模型和... 相似文献
9.
《物探与化探》2015,(6)
在电磁探测理论中,电导率和磁导率是两个重要的岩石物性参数。在磁性较强的地区进行大地电磁探测工作时,电磁场信号必然受到介质磁性的影响。将磁化率参数引入到二维大地电磁正演理论中,实现了含磁化率的大地电磁有限单元法数值模拟。建立棱柱体模型计算并分析了磁化率参数对大地电磁的电场、磁场、视电阻率及相位等参数的影响。数值模拟结果表明:高磁性介质导致电场升高,磁场降低,视电阻率增大,相位复杂变化,且随着磁性物质的增多或磁化率的增大,这种影响逐渐变大。引入电导率、磁化率光滑约束与磁化率对数约束,采用改进的特别快速模拟退火法实现了电阻率、磁化率参数一维同时反演。对K型、H型中间层高磁地电模型进行反演试算,反演结果良好。该研究为在高磁性地区开展大地电磁工作提供了基础,对实现"第二找矿空间"内的矿产勘探,具有一定的意义。 相似文献
10.
11.
Ronald Christensen 《Mathematical Geology》1993,25(5):541-558
This article illustrates the use of linear and nonlinear regression models to obtain quadratic estimates of covariance parameters. These models lead to new insights into the motivation behind estimation methods, the relationships between different methods, and the relationship of covariance estimation to prediction. In particular, we derive the standard estimating equations for minimum norm quadratic unbiased translation invariant estimates (MINQUEs) from an appropriate linear model. Connections between the linear model, minimum variance quadratic unbiased translation invariant estimates (MIVQUEs), and MINQUEs are examined and we provide a minimum norm justification for the use of one-step normal theory maximum likelihood estimates. A nonlinear regression model is used to define MINQUEs for nonlinear covariance structures and obtain REML estimates. Finally, the equivalence of predictions under various models is examined when covariance parameters are estimated. In particular, we establish that when using MINQUE, iterative MINQUE, or restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimates, the choice between a stationary covariance function and an intrinsically stationary semivariogram is irrelevant to predictions and estimated prediction variances. 相似文献
12.
划分重磁区域异常与局部异常的一种方法泛克立格法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在重（磁）资料的分析处理中,经常需要划分区域异常与局部异常。本文对用于矿床品位预测的方法—泛克立格法加以改进、完善,使其适合于求重（磁）资料的区域异常与局部异常。根据某点周围若干个信息点上的重（磁）观测数据估计出该点处的区域异常值,而且这种估计是在满足线性、无偏、最小估计方差条件下求得的。从重（磁）观测数据中减去区域异常就可得到局部异常,这就是泛克立格法。它比经常用来划分区域异常与局部异常的方法—趋势分析方法有许多优点。趋势分析方法只是泛克立格法的一个特例。在本文中,作者还提出在小范围内,重力区域异常适合于用一次多项式拟合;而磁法区域异常适合于用二次多项式拟合的观点 相似文献
13.
利用极大似然反褶积提取鲁棒性地震子波的方法进行了研究，并讨论了极大似然反褶积的稳健性。理论分析表明，在理想条件下极大似然反褶积是无偏估计，而且还是一致估计，这一结论可以由所提取的地震子波得到验证。实际地震资料的处理结果分析表明，极大似然反褶积具有很好的稳健性。应当指出，为保证地震子波的鲁棒性，极大似然反褶积子渡时窗应尽量满足统计条件，以提高极大似然反褶积的稳健性。 相似文献
14.
为识别年径流量序列的隐含周期,提出基于加速遗传算法的熵谱估计算法,与传统的方差谱和Burg谱相比,该方法由熵谱分析的4个等价条件构建多目标函数,并以加速遗传算法作为优化算法,谱估计结果不依赖于初始值的选取,对数据长度、信噪比和初相位有较强的适应性。在三川河流域后大成站1956-2000年径流量序列周期识别中的应用结果表明,在95%的置信检验水平下,序列中存在着12.29年和2.67年的显著隐含周期,为三川河流域年径流的变化规律和变化的阶段性研究提供了一条新的定量研究手段。 相似文献
15.
将传递函数引入地下工程地震响应的研究,提出利用传递函数进行地下工程地震响应的频谱特性分析、地震响应时频估算以及地震动输入频谱修正的3种应用方法。基于白鹤滩水电站13#机组剖面地下洞室群,对这3种方法进行了探讨及检验。结果表明：传递函数可清晰表达地下工程在地震动作用下的输入、输出关系,描述洞室群各部位的动力特性,且与其他频谱特性研究方法得出的结论相一致。在自下而上的地震剪切波作用下,洞室底板部位的响应整体强于顶拱部位,且具有不同的主频段;但在3～4 Hz频段,顶拱的动力响应强于底板。采用有限带宽随机白噪声算得洞室群各部位的传递函数,再根据传递函数进行实际地震响应时频估算的方法是可行的,估算与验算结果吻合良好,该方法可以大幅度减少计算量,使得根据有限的计算结果把握特定工程的整体动力响应特征成为可能。根据已有研究成果,取洞室底部或河谷水面为地震响应的频谱控制点,基于传递函数对输入地震动时程进行频谱修正,可保证地下工程动力响应地震动输入机制的合理性 相似文献
16.
Ana F. Militino 《Mathematical Geology》1997,29(2):221-229
Kriging as an interpolation method, uses as predictor a linear function of the observations, minimizing the mean squared prediction
error or estimation variance. Under multivariate normality assumptions, the given predictor is the best unbiased predictor,
and will be vulnerable to outliers. To overcome this problem, a robust weighted estimator of the drift model coefficients
is proposed, where unequally spaced data may be weighted through the tile areas of the Dirichlet tessellation. 相似文献
17.
The transfer function of time-dependent models is classically inferred by the ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques. This OLS technique assumes independence of the residuals with time. However, in practical cases, this hypothesis is often not justified producing inefficient estimation of the transfer function. When the residuals constitute an autoregressive process, we propose to apply the Box-Jenkins' method to model the residuals, and to modify in a simple manner the primary convolution equation. Then, a multivariate regression technique is used to infer the transfer function of the new equation producing time-independent residuals. This three-step autoregressive deconvolution technique is particularly efficient for time series analysis. The reconstitution and the forecasting of real data are improved efficiently. Theoretically, the proposed method can be extended to the convolution equations for which the residuals follow a moving average or an autoregressive-moving average process, but the mathematical formulation is no longer direct and explicit. For this general case, we propose to approximate the moving average or the autoregressive-moving average process by an autoregressive process of sufficient order, and then the transfer function. Two case studies in hydrogeology will be used to illustrate the procedure. 相似文献
18.
Craig Loehle 《Mathematical Geology》2005,37(2):127-140
Timeseries of estimated temperature have been combined to create global or hemispheric climate series over periods exceeding 1000 yr. The data used in these studies, however, may be subject to dating errors. It is shown that when timeseries with dating error are combined, the noise in the data smoothes periodic signals but leaves linear trends intact. This means that the effect of dating error of sample data in a timeseries reconstruction is to smooth out any signals (waves, cycles) that may be present. The purpose of this study was to develop signal extraction methods that will work for this type of historical data. The method used was nonlinear estimation of sample series where dating error has been added by Monte Carlo sampling. Several algorithms were tested for handling the dating error problem. Results were that using nonlinear model fitting, the periods of signals can be identified even from the averaged data. In a second stage of the estimation procedure, the cycle magnitudes can be estimated. Very good fits were achieved for two example cases. Temperature estimation error (white noise due to the use of proxies) was also considered and the method was extended to cover this case with quite good results. Using the new estimation methods, the information inherent in multiple series can be used to overcome the problem of dating error. 相似文献
19.
Empirical Maximum Likelihood Kriging: The General Case 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Although linear kriging is a distribution-free spatial interpolator, its efficiency is maximal only when the experimental data follow a Gaussian distribution. Transformation of the data to normality has thus always been appealing. The idea is to transform the experimental data to normal scores, krige values in the “Gaussian domain” and then back-transform the estimates and uncertainty measures to the “original domain.” An additional advantage of the Gaussian transform is that spatial variability is easier to model from the normal scores because the transformation reduces effects of extreme values. There are, however, difficulties with this methodology, particularly, choosing the transformation to be used and back-transforming the estimates in such a way as to ensure that the estimation is conditionally unbiased. The problem has been solved for cases in which the experimental data follow some particular type of distribution. In general, however, it is not possible to verify distributional assumptions on the basis of experimental histograms calculated from relatively few data and where the uncertainty is such that several distributional models could fit equally well. For the general case, we propose an empirical maximum likelihood method in which transformation to normality is via the empirical probability distribution function. Although the Gaussian domain simple kriging estimate is identical to the maximum likelihood estimate, we propose use of the latter, in the form of a likelihood profile, to solve the problem of conditional unbiasedness in the back-transformed estimates. Conditional unbiasedness is achieved by adopting a Bayesian procedure in which the likelihood profile is the posterior distribution of the unknown value to be estimated and the mean of the posterior distribution is the conditionally unbiased estimate. The likelihood profile also provides several ways of assessing the uncertainty of the estimation. Point estimates, interval estimates, and uncertainty measures can be calculated from the posterior distribution. 相似文献