共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
1.
桂林附近第四纪堆积物特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
本区第四纪堆积物,其成因有冲积、冲洪积、坡洪积、残坡积、坡残积、残积,沼泽堆积等类型。各主要土层有高岭石、伊利石、绿泥石为主的粘土矿物组合,并含较多的针铁矿和三水铝石;有化学稳定性强的重矿物组合;砖红壤,红壤的古土壤性质;喜暖的古植物和古动物群,以及现今所见桂林以峰林地貌为特征的典型热带岩溶的强烈发育,说明本区第四纪以来,特别是小晚更新世以来是属于温暖湿润的热带、亚热带至多到北亚热带的气候环境。 相似文献
2.
选取长江下游世业洲的第四纪钻孔资料,研究了重矿物的垂向分布特征,以此探讨长江镇江段第四纪以来的沉积类型以及物源演变。结果显示,该区自中更新世开始接受沉积,依次形成河床相、边滩相、漫滩相、河口三角洲相。重矿物自下而上分为2个组合段,分别对应更新世和全新世。更新世地层以角闪石、蓝晶石、石榴石等作为特征矿物,且不稳定矿物含量高于稳定矿物,表明沉积物以近源居多;全新世特征矿物为辉石和钛铁矿,稳定矿物含量高于不稳定矿物,重矿物种类与现代长江中上游类似,表明此阶段沉积物以远源物质为主。 相似文献
3.
山寨盆地位于腾冲-梁河锡矿带小龙河含锡岩体的东侧。盆地中充填有第四纪湖相-冲积相厚层沉积,有砂锡聚集,局部富集成矿床。本文论述了该盆地的新构造背景、沉积特征和沉积相、砂锡矿物质成分等。 1.山寨盆地为-断陷盆地,并严格地受到NE和NW向两组断裂的控制,从而使盆地具菱形平面形态,并在盆内发育有NE、NW向展布的新生代地堑和地垒的基本格局。 2.控制山寨盆地发展演化有两个因素:一是第四纪新构造拉张运动和岩浆侵出;二是盆地西侧火山岩源区沉积物的大量供给。 3.盆地的沉积物可分出老湖相和新湖相。沉积相可分冲积扇相、扇三角洲相、湖泊相、河流相和沼泽相。 4.砂锡矿类型有:残坡积型,洪积型,洪冲积型,河床-河漫滩型,古河道型,湖积型。盆内聚锡的有利部位为:(1)盆缘同沉积断裂带内冲积扇复合体;(2)扇三角洲河口沙坝;(3)活跃湖泊边缘—湖滨带;(4)湖盆内古河道。 5.砂锡矿物组合和锡矿化程度在不同的流域中有不同的分布规律和成熟程度,与源区母岩成分及其搬运距离有着密切的关系。 6.不同流域的锡石矿物和脉石矿物特征和组合类型有明显的差异,据石英颗粒的表面特征可划分出上、中、下游河床和不同的河流阶地。 相似文献
4.
5.
洞庭盆地第四纪红土地层及古气候研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
洞庭盆地周缘广泛发育着第四纪红土地层,我们在野外对典型红土剖面进行了考察,并在岳阳市月山红土剖面进行了取样,在室内对土壤样品进行了磁化率、粘土矿物和粒度等实验分析,从而对洞庭盆地第四纪红土地层的剖面特征进行了研究,在此基础上,对洞庭盆地第四纪古气候变迁进行了探讨。月山红土剖面地层界限清晰,剖面特征明显,与中国南方其它的红土地层具有较好的地层对比性。月山红土剖面磁化率和粘土矿物分析表明:中更新世早期洞庭盆地气候干凉,中更新世晚期转为湿热;晚更新世早期气候仍保持湿热,晚更新世晚期则转为干凉;全新世以来洞庭盆地的气候再次转为湿热。粒度分析表明月山红土剖面第四纪沉积物的沉积环境为洪水盆地中的泛滥平原环境。 相似文献
6.
西藏林芝地区第四系新知 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对西藏林芝米林盆地的更新世及其以后的沉积进行了调查研究，磁性地层分析表明这些湖积物的历史不到4万年，在米林的古湖泊沉积物中采获Polypodiaceae等晚更新世孢粉，于米林县白过多更新世湖积之上全新统冲积中新发现林芝智人的头盖骨、牙齿及石斧等，为研究青藏高原第四纪地质作用和古环境、古气候变化及古人类活动等提供了新资料。 相似文献
7.
增城市区的第四纪冲积土及震旦系风化残积土分布普遍，是各类工程建设的地基基础。前者自下而上由两个从粗到细的沉积旋回组成，按沉积物颗粒级配和塑性指标，可分砾砂→粉质粘土→中细砂→粉质粘土；后者主要为砂质粘性土，分为地表和地下两种。其中，地表的第四纪冲积粉质粘土和地表风化残积土可作为３层以下的一秀建筑物的基础持力层；多层及多层以上建筑物的基础，宜选择第四纪冲积的粉质粘土，砾砂层或地下震旦系风化残积土作为 相似文献
8.
西藏砂金矿床地质特征及找矿方向 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西藏高原砂金矿床类型主要有：冲积河床－河漫滩型，冲积阶地型，洪只型，河湖积型及残坡积－坡洪积细沟型，更新世以来，高原强烈隆升导致主山地区的剧烈风化剥蚀和沉积区的快速堆积，造成了高原地区砂金矿较为特殊的分布规律。 相似文献
9.
10.
第四纪华容隆起位于江汉—洞庭盆地中带。通过地表地质调查和钻孔资料对华容隆起及周缘第四纪构造-沉积特征与演化进行了研究。华容隆起总体呈EW向展布,北接江汉盆地,南与洞庭盆地安乡凹陷和沅江凹陷相邻,总体轮廓大致受到北面的EW向石首断裂、南西面的NW向南县—黄山头断裂、东面的NNE向砖桥断裂等正断裂所控制。隆起周缘凹陷第四纪各时代地层(冲积和湖积)发育较齐全。隆起内部低洼区及山地区边缘不同程度发育早更新世晚期—全新世沉积,其他地区分布前第四纪基岩或残坡积物。根据地貌、边界断裂、第四纪沉积以及前第四纪基岩分布等,重塑华容隆起和周缘第四纪构造升降活动、沉积和剥蚀特征及演化过程。第四纪初华容隆起内部因先期剥蚀切割而形成原始地貌分异。早更新世早期隆起周边断裂开始伸展活动,江汉盆地、安乡凹陷与沅江凹陷构造沉降并接受沉积,华容隆起遭受风化剥蚀。早更新世晚期—中更新世中期周边断裂继续伸展活动,华容隆起与周缘凹陷均构造沉降,前者沉降幅度较小而相对抬升。华容隆起内低洼地区及周缘凹陷接受沉积,期间在早更新世末有过构造抬升而受到剥蚀。中更新世晚期华容隆起及周边凹陷整体抬升并遭受剥蚀与网纹化,期间有过构造稳定时期并在华容—砖桥主隆起区的边缘形成河流与滨湖沉积。晚更新世区域构造较稳定,于主隆起边缘和外围平原形成冲、湖积。晚更新世末区域海平面大幅下降,导致华容隆起及周缘地区遭受剥蚀。全新世受海平面上升影响,周缘凹陷及隆起内部低洼地带形成河湖相堆积。受先期高地势控制,华容隆起主体、南部的南山次隆以及西部团山次隆局部地区等第四纪期间一直遭受风化剥蚀,部分地区形成较大规模的残坡积。受江汉—洞庭盆地整体沉降控制,华容隆起第四纪期间总体表现为明显的构造沉降。 相似文献
11.
珠江三角洲地区上更新统与全新统之间广泛发育1层杂色黏土,其成因多认为主要是由上更新统沉积物在末次冰盛期暴露于地表风化而成。对取自珠江三角洲3条钻孔（PRD09、PRD16和PRD17）的岩心样品分析表明,受风化作用的影响,其稀土元素含量和分异特征发生了较明显的变化。杂色黏土层的稀土总量大大低于下伏沉积物,而在邻近风化层的下伏沉积物中稀土元素却表现为明显富集,尤其是重稀土元素的富集。风化作用强度较大的PRD09孔和PRD17孔下伏沉积物中的稀土富集程度高于风化作用强度相对较小的PRD16孔。珠江三角洲在末次冰盛期时普遍发育的酸性介质条件,促进了风化层的稀土元素发生溶解和迁移。在风化过程中,由于轻、重稀土元素具有不同的溶解迁移能力和吸附能力,导致杂色黏土层的REE指标值（LREE/HREE、(La/Gd)N和(La/Yb)N）高于下伏沉积物。风化过程对Ce、Eu异常有一定的影响,但不十分明显,杂色黏土层的Ce、Eu异常值仅略低于下伏沉积物。 相似文献
12.
为了解南方红土磁性变化的机理,采用磁化率仪、扫描电子显微镜及X荧光光谱分析对九江红土剖面的磁性特征、磁性矿物的特征及风化程度进行了深入研究。研究结果表明,九江剖面上部砂土经历的风化改造强度弱于下部的网纹红土,而磁性强度高于下部网纹红土,磁性强度的增加与超顺磁颗粒及多畴磁铁矿的含量密切相关;风化强度的增加导致磁铁矿的晶形遭到破坏,同时导致红土中强磁性矿物向弱磁性矿物转化,这是造成网纹红土磁性强度低于砂土的主要原因;红土中的多畴磁铁矿并不是形成于风化成土作用过程中,而是来自红土原始母质的风化残留。从中更新世到晚更新世气候由湿热向冷干转变,风化作用强度逐渐减弱,导致上部砂土相对于网纹红土保留了更多的强磁性矿物。因此,红土中主要的载磁矿物并不是风化成土过程中的产物,其磁性特征不能反映气候环境的变化。 相似文献
13.
14.
The fine-fraction mineralogy of the red sediments and of the upland soils along the Visakhapatnam—Bhimunipatnam coastal region has been studied by X-ray analysis. Dominant kaolinite with subordinate illite is the general clay-mineral assemblage in both the red sediments and the soils. The similar clay-mineral composition indicates that the upland soils are the source for the clay material in the red sediments. Montmorillonite is present in some samples and shows greater abundance in the red sediments than in the soils. The additional montmorillonite is considered to have been formed by post-depositional diagenesis in the red sediments at the expense of illite. Differences in the intensity of the weathering process controlled by the gradient in the source area have been suggested as being responsible for the variation in type and abundance of the clay minerals in the red sediments. It is inferred that humid and tropical to subtropical climatic conditions prevailed and persisted throughout the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in the Visakhapatnam region. 相似文献
15.
南方红土是我国热带、亚热带以各类岩石和第四纪松散沉积物为母质发育的红色风化壳,也是我国分布最广的第四纪土状堆积。本文在探讨第四纪松散沉积物上红色风化壳的形成机制的基础上,根据风化壳发育程度将其划分为砖红土风化壳、红壤土风化壳和红化土风化壳3种类型。南方地区第四纪松散沉积物主要有河流相沉积、滨海相海滩砂和海岸风成砂——"老红砂"以及以下蜀土为主的风尘堆积。近年来在上述沉积物中多处发现旧石器遗址,促进了南方红土的地层年代学研究。根据前人及近期对南方红土的研究成果,讨论了南方红土的年代地层学问题,提出了以风化壳岩性特征为基础的岩石地层单位初步划分框架:老红砂划分为中更新统北海组、晚更新统晋江组;风尘堆积划分为中更新统宣城组、晚更新统下蜀组;河流相沉积只划出中更新统白沙井组,晚更新统留待以后研究再划出。 相似文献
16.
黏土矿物古气候意义研究的现状与展望 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
系统地分析了利用海洋沉积物、古土壤、湖盆沉积物中黏土矿物进行古气候环境研究的现状、存在问题和发展趋势。海洋沉积物的物源范围广,影响因素复杂,其中的碎屑黏土矿物所指示的古气候参数只能用于解释母源区的气候变化,而只有自生黏土矿物才能指示沉积区的气候;古土壤形成于特定的地质背景条件下,尤其是发育于火山物质母岩之上的风化自生黏土矿物,可以准确地指示该区的古气候条件;湖盆沉积物的物源范围小,沉积物中的黏土矿物可以更有效地运用于古气候环境的分析。对于沉积物中黏土矿物来源的分析,可以借助晶体中cv空位和tv空位的精细结构特征进行判断;在风化改造的红土剖面研究中,因强烈的化学风化、淋滤和迁移,黏土矿物方法具有独特的优势。风化过程中形成的一些亚种或过渡性黏土矿物,以及同生沉积过程中形成的黏土矿物,对气候环境的变化更加敏感,应加强这方面的研究。此外,在造山带的气候环境演化研究中,自生黏土矿物稳定同位素可以更可靠地指示气候环境的变化。 相似文献
17.
Hanlie Hong Yangsheng Gu Ke Yin Chaowen Wang Zhaohui Li 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2013,42(1):173-183
To obtain a better understanding of climate change in south China in the Quaternary, a clay mineralogical study was undertaken on the red earth profile at Jiujiang, using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and particle‐size distribution analysis methods. The XRD results showed that the clay minerals of the Jiujiang red earth were mainly mixed‐layer illite–smectite (I/S), illite, kaolinite and vermiculite, with trace amounts of mixed‐layer kaolinite–smectite (K/S). Changes in clay mineral composition displayed a trend of three‐stage evolution. The higher mixed‐layer I/S clays and kaolinite contents in the lower portion suggest extremely warm and humid climates over the period c. 700 to c. 350 ka ago. A gradual decrease in I/S clays and kaolinite reveals a gradual climate change from warm/humid to cool/dry during the period c. 350 to c. 130 ka ago. The higher illite and vermiculite contents indicate a relatively cool and dry climate during the period since c. 130 ka ago. The particle‐size distribution pattern of the upper section was similar to that of the Xiashu loess, while that of the middle to lower section was similar to those of fluvially reworked red earth. A rapid increase in the abundance of large grain‐size components at 2.6 m depth indicates an intensification of the winter monsoon and a cool and dry climate during the period, in good agreement with results from the clay mineral composition and homogeneous structure. The red earth sequences in south China could probably be used to test the response of tropical to subtropical regions to global climate changes. 相似文献
18.
RON GOLDBERY 《Sedimentology》1982,29(5):669-690
The Lower Jurassic sequence exposed at Makhtesh Ramon, in the south-western Negev of Israel, comprises cyclic fluviatile sediments derived almost exclusively from the reworking of an older laterite terrain. A succession of palaeosols, having the characteristics of modern, red-brown earths, has developed during periods of sub-aerial exposure upon the fine grained overbank sediments. A marked seasonal palaeoclimate with accompanying poor sub-surface drainage conditions, and some stagnation of ground water, is reflected by the distribution and mottling patterns of the iron minerals (with varying degrees of hydration), precipitation of illuviated carbonate and sulphate minerals and the development of soil microrelief. A complex history of pedogenesis and ground water alteration is shown by the rapid lateral facies change within this sequence, into one dominated by high-alumina flint clay and bauxite. Relict pedogenetic and sedimentological textural features of the combined palaeosol/fluviatile sequence, have been identified and mapped within the flint clay/bauxite lithologies. These features include irregular voids, produced by solution of pedogenic sulphate nodules, slickensided curviplanar surfaces of soil microrelief, and depositional bedding. The field relationships of these relicts indicate the overprinting of a younger, chemical weathering event giving rise to the high-alumina flint clay and bauxites. The geometric shape of the upper bounding surface of the ‘bauxite’ alteration zone, is irregular and has an ‘intrusive’ character with respect to the younger, overlying, unaltered sediments. This, together with abrupt changes in mottling patterns near the contact zone and subtle changes in mineralogy from a bauxitic assemblage at depth to one containing mixed-layer clay minerals and carbonates nearer the contact, leads to the conclusion that the later stages of chemical weathering occurred within a confined system, where ground water movements were induced by intake of underlying aquifers. 相似文献
19.
充分认识元素和同位素在不同环境条件下的地球化学行为,是运用元素和同位素示 踪环境变化的前提。对来自于黄土高原的黄土、古土壤和红粘土样品的宇宙成因核素10Be测量和化学成分分析,以及各种化学淋溶实验表明：10Be主要以吸附状态赋存于粉尘沉积物粘粒矿物的表面,部分已结合进自生的粘土矿物中;在粉尘沉积物风化过程中10Be与9Be和～的活动性相似,基本没有发生迁移,其原因是连续沉积的粉尘含有大量的碱性物质,阻止了…Be的解吸附和淋滤;沉积和风化作用导致了10Be浓度与化学指标在黄土-古土壤和红粘土剖面中的协同变化。 相似文献
20.
K. N. Murali Krishna K. S. N. Reddy Ch. Ravi Sekhar P. Ganapathi Rao K. Bangaku Naidu 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2017,89(1):111-111
The study presents the textural characteristics of late Quaternary red sediments of Bhimunipatnam to understand the process of formation of these sediments. The red sediments are classified into (a) yellow sediments (b) reddish brown sediments (c) brick red sediments and (d) light yellow sediments sequence in the vertical litho section. The yellow sediments, rests on the khondalite basement, comprises of medium grained, moderate to poorly sorted and positively skewed. The rounded pebble beds with trough cross bedding indicate high energy turbulent conditions of deposition. The fining upward sequences indicate sediments were deposited under decreasing energy conditions under fluvial regime.The iron bearing minerals like garnets and pyriboles have undergone chemical weathering under high oxidizing environment resulting in addition of silt and clay to the reddish brown and brick red sediments and concretions were formed by carbonate precipitation. These processes caused changes in the mean grain size and sorting nature of these sediments which are originally aeolian in origin. The light yellow sediments were medium to fine grained, well sorted and similar to modern dune sands in terms of textural parameters. These sediments were deposited under low oxidation environmental conditions and acquired yellow colour due to Fe hydroxides. 相似文献