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1.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(1)
俯冲侵蚀是一种将地壳及岛弧物质从弧前搬运走的地质过程,会导致弧前物质的缺失,这种地质过程普遍地出现在汇聚型板块边缘。雅浦海沟位于加罗林板块与菲律宾海板块之间,是一个活跃的俯冲带。利用2015年中科院海洋所在西太平洋雅浦海采集的最新的多波束和地震数据,给出了雅浦海沟发生俯冲侵蚀的直接证据:(1)雅浦海沟具有异常短的沟弧间距(41km);(2)海沟呈不对称的"V"字形,增生楔缺失;(3)俯冲板片基底起伏程度大,加罗林洋底高原上洋脊、海山、地垒地堑构造发育;(4)海沟内壁斜坡较陡,弧前斜坡坡度的平均值约8.69°,雅浦海沟的弧前增生楔缺失。揭示了雅浦海沟南北两侧俯冲侵蚀模式的差异,北部的俯冲侵蚀主要由于洋底高原上地垒地堑与上覆板块的摩擦造成,板块之间可能不是直接接触,存在"剥蚀带";南部的俯冲侵蚀主要由于洋底高原上的海山与上覆板块的摩擦造成,板块之间可能是直接接触的。 相似文献
2.
许多现存造山带中均发现了洋岛玄武岩(OIB)和地幔柱型蛇绿岩记录,因此洋底高原增生是大陆生长的重要方式,但目前对控制洋底高原增生过程的机制仍不清楚。采用热-机械-岩石学模型数值模拟研究洋底高原的陆缘增生过程,结果显示洋底高原向大陆边缘增生具有3个控制因素:(1)减薄的大陆边缘;(2)海洋岩石圈中的"薄弱"层;(3)年轻的洋底高原。模拟结果与中国东北地区那丹哈达地体的野外构造解析结果和地球化学特征结合,揭示了洋底高原和东北亚大陆边缘的强烈挤压引起俯冲带的应变集中,产生与阿尔卑斯型褶皱相关的高角度逆冲断层和背冲断层,并伴随低级变质作用的构造折返过程。 相似文献
3.
印度洋大地构造背景及其构造演化——印度洋底大地构造图研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
印度洋底大地构造图(1∶1 500万)基于最新地球物理数据,结合中国大洋调查航次积累的地貌、地质、地球物理和矿产资源资料编制,综合反映印度洋底及周缘地质、地貌、地球物理和资源分布等特征,将为理解和推进印度洋盆构造演化和资源分布研究提供理论支撑。本文介绍了该图编制的思路和方法、数据来源、图面内容和大地构造单元划分,认为印度洋盆具有多微陆块、多期扩张、多洋底高原、无震海岭和"入"字形洋中脊等特征。在前人研究基础上,将印度洋盆地构造演化归纳为3个阶段:(1)冈瓦纳大陆裂解与洋盆初始张开(侏罗纪-白垩纪中期);(2)洋盆持续张开与扩张中心跃迁(白垩纪中期-古近纪初期);(3)印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞及非洲板块裂解(新生代)。在扩张中心跃迁式的发育形式下,现今印度洋盆多微陆块、多期扩张中心和"入"字形的洋中脊基本构造格局在古近纪早期便已形成。 相似文献
4.
太平洋洋底虽然有大规模的洋底高原和大量大大小小的海山,但西北太平洋的Shatsky海隆不管在构造位置上,还是在理解洋底高原成因所特有的重要证据上,都是独一无二的,对研究太平洋各隆起形成的机制有重要参考价值.目前,对Shatsky海隆的形成有3种主要假说:(1)地幔柱头假说;(2)洋中脊假说;(3)陨星撞击假说.这些假说... 相似文献
5.
目前 ,地幔对流脉冲的发生时间和大的火成岩区的活动越来越引起研究人员的注意 ,因为它们可能与地磁倒转频率、大陆漂移和全球气候等全球变化事件相一致。可能源自地幔基底的大面积地幔上涌被认为是超羽现象。分布在西太平洋的巨大海台 ,如翁通爪哇海台和Ｓｈａｔｓｋｙ海岭都被认为是这种大火成岩区的产物 ,这些巨大海台最早于白垩纪中期出现在现在的南太平洋超隆起区。然而 ,由于板块构造运动 ,海洋中年龄超过１５０Ｍａ的大的火成岩区在地球表面已不复存在。海台在大洋板块上被动地移动 ,其碎片可能在会聚板块边缘的加积棱柱中堆积成各种… 相似文献
6.
《海洋地质前沿》2018,(11)
通过区域地质、地球物理、板块重建及地球动力学背景综合研究,揭示了喜马拉雅前渊和孟加拉湾盆地形成演化及动力学背景。喜马拉雅前渊与孟加拉湾盆地被西隆(Shillong)高原分隔。喜马拉雅前渊位于西隆高原北侧,主要以拉萨地块前白垩系为基底,晚白垩世—早始新世为新特提斯洋向洋内岛弧、拉萨板块俯冲形成的弧前和弧后盆地;中始新世—中新世早期,新特提斯洋逐渐俯冲消亡,印度板块与拉萨地块的陆陆碰撞逐渐加剧,形成前陆盆地;中新世中期以来,随着印度板块与欧亚板块陆陆碰撞的加剧,喜马拉雅前陆盆地隆升、剥蚀,只保留了前陆盆地的前渊。孟加拉湾(Bengal)盆地位于西隆高原南侧,其西北部以印度板块的前寒武系为基底,石炭—二叠纪为裂谷盆地,三叠纪为剥蚀区,侏罗纪—早白垩世以火山作用为主,晚白垩世—早始新世为被动大陆边缘盆地,中始新世以来随着印度板块向拉萨板块俯冲加剧,印度洋板块向缅甸大陆俯冲,孟加拉湾盆地演化为陆缘碎屑供应逐渐增强的残留洋盆。孟加拉湾东南部的基底为前古近系洋壳,始新世以来形成巨厚的残留洋盆充填序列。 相似文献
7.
东海陆架盆地南部中生代构造演化与原型盆地性质 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
东海陆架盆地南部夹持于欧亚板块、太平洋板块与印度板块之间,是发育在前中生代基础之上的中、新生代叠合盆地。其构造演化受古太平洋板块俯冲及特提斯-喜马拉雅构造域的联合影响,经历了印支末期基隆运动、燕山期渔山和雁荡运动的叠加改造。结合浙闽隆起带中生代火成岩事件、盆地构造变形、沉积学的一些证据,通过海陆对比研究,认为东海陆架盆地南部早-中三叠世可能为面向古太平洋的被动大陆边缘盆地;晚三叠世-侏罗纪古太平洋板块已对中国大陆有较强的俯冲作用,东海陆架盆地及南部原型盆地为活动大陆边缘弧前盆地;白垩纪受控于滨海断裂表现为活动大陆边缘走滑拉分盆地;古新世-始新世火山岛弧向东移动,东海陆架变为弧后裂谷盆地。 相似文献
8.
断裂和白垩纪岩浆活动对中西太平洋海山区海山形成的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
断裂和岩浆活动影响着海山的形成及其基岩的分布类型。在总结中、西太平洋海山区的海山与构造分布特征、白垩纪大规模岩浆喷发事件、海山形成年代分布、海山与海底高原的岩性分布和GEOROC数据库样品的年代时序对比的基础上,分析了断裂和白垩纪岩浆活动的特点及其对中、西太平洋海山区海山形成的影响作用。研究认为:中、西太平洋海山区的洋壳在海山形成前受断裂带改造;受白垩纪大规模岩浆活动的影响,中、西太平洋海山区的海山约在87~89 Ma和120~123 Ma出现两个生长高峰期,并且在岩性上表现出与同期生成的海底高原相近。 相似文献
9.
10.
85°E海脊是东北印度洋一条重要的线性基底隆起,形成于中生代印度板块北漂过程中的构造和岩浆活动。海脊的结构、性质和起源蕴含了东印度洋扩张和印度板块北漂过程的关键信息,然而目前对其构造属性和形成演化的认识存在较大争议。分析了85°E海脊及邻区的重磁异常特征,结合前人对海脊外部形貌、内部结构、深部构造以及东印度洋板块重建的研究成果,探讨了海脊的性质和起源。结果表明,85°E海脊的形成是热点活动、洋脊扩张、转换断层、扩张中心跃迁以及板块汇聚远程效应等多种地质过程综合作用的结果。海脊呈现明显的构造分段性,不同分段的结构、性质和成因机制不同。12°N以北的海脊形成于板内热点型岩浆作用;2°～12°N的海脊与NW-SE向和N-S向两期海底扩张的边界高度吻合,是白垩纪东印度洋扩张中心调整和板块重组的产物;2°N以南的阿法纳西-尼基廷海山是随着海底扩张逐渐侵位的热点型海脊,可能与2°N以北的海脊不存在成因上的关联。分析认为,2°～12°N的海脊中段是未来部署地球物理测量、进一步确认海脊性质和成因的关键区域。通过深海钻探揭示海脊不同分段的物质组成和形成时代,是破解85°E海脊的性质和起源、白垩纪印度洋板块重建事件以及热点-洋中脊相互作用机制等重大地质问题的关键途径。 相似文献
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
15.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
16.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
17.
The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献
18.
E. L. Vinogradova 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):483-492
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers. 相似文献
19.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1... 相似文献
20.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献