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1.
Human conceptions of spaces: Implications for GIS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The way people conceptualize space is an important consideration for the design of GIS, because a better match with people's thinking is expected to lead to easier-to-use information systems. Everyday space, the basis to GIS, has been characterized in the literature as being either small-scale (from table-top to room-size spaces) or large-scale (inside-of-building spaces to city-size spaces). While this dichotomy of space is grounded in the view from psychology that people's perception of space, spatial cognition, and spatial behaviour are experience-based, it is in contrast to current GIS, which enable us to interact with large-scale spaces as though they were small-scale or manipulable. We analyse different approaches to characterizing spaces and propose a unified view in which space is based on the physical properties of manipulability, locomotion, and size of space. Within the structure of our framework, we distinguish six types of spaces: manipulable object space (smaller than the human body), non-manipulable object space (greater than the human body, but less than the size of a building), environmental space (from inside-of-building spaces to city-size spaces), geographic space (state, country, and continent-size spaces), panoramic space (spaces perceived via scanning the landscape), and map space. Such a categorization is an important part of Naive Geography, a set of theories on how people intuitively or spontaneously conceptualize geographic space and time, because it has implications for various theoretical and methodological questions concerning the design and use of spatial information tools. Of particular concern is the design of effective spatial information tools that lead to better communication. 相似文献
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From fields to objects: A review of geographic boundary analysis 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Geographic boundary analysis is a relatively new approach unfamiliar to many spatial analysts. It is best viewed as a technique
for defining objects – geographic boundaries – on spatial fields, and for evaluating the statistical significance of characteristics
of those boundary objects. This is accomplished using null spatial models representative of the spatial processes expected
in the absence of boundary-generating phenomena. Close ties to the object-field dialectic eminently suit boundary analysis
to GIS data. The majority of existing spatial methods are field-based in that they describe, estimate, or predict how attributes
(variables defining the field) vary through geographic space. Such methods are appropriate for field representations but not
object representations. As the object-field paradigm gains currency in geographic information science, appropriate techniques
for the statistical analysis of objects are required. The methods reviewed in this paper are a promising foundation. Geographic
boundary analysis is clearly a valuable addition to the spatial statistical toolbox.? This paper presents the philosophy of,
and motivations for geographic boundary analysis. It defines commonly used statistics for quantifying boundaries and their
characteristics, as well as simulation procedures for evaluating their significance. We review applications of these techniques,
with the objective of making this promising approach accessible to the GIS-spatial analysis community. We also describe the
implementation of these methods within geographic boundary analysis software: GEM.
Received: 22 March 1999 / Accepted: 7 September 1999 相似文献
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The Nature of Uncertainty in Historical Geographic Information 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
Brandon Plewe 《Transactions in GIS》2002,6(4):431-456
While the presence of uncertainty in the geometric and attribute aspects of geographic information is well known, it is also present in temporal information. In spatiotemporal GIS databases and other formal representations, uncertainty in all three aspects of geography (space, time, and theme) must often be modeled, but a good data model must first be based on a sound theoretical understanding of spatiotemporal uncertainty. The nature of both uncertainty inherent in a phenomenon (often termed indeterminacy) and uncertainty in assertions of that phenomenon can be better understood through the Uncertain Temporal Entity Model , which characterizes the cause, type, and form of uncertainties in the spatial, temporal, and attribute aspects of geographic information. These uncertainties are the result of complexities and problems in two processes: the process of conceptualization, by which humans make sense of an infinitely complex reality, and measurement, by which we create formal representations (e.g. GIS) of those conceptual models of reality. Based on this framework, the nature and form of uncertainty is remarkably consistent across various situations, and is approximately equivalent in the three aspects, which will enable consistent solutions for representation and processing of spatiotemporal data. 相似文献
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GIS的基本理论问题——地图代数的空间观 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
通过分析比较地学各学科的空间概念,深入地论述了地球信息系统的空间概念这一基本理论问题,指出了地球信息系统的空间数学基础是GIS空间概念的数学定义,揭示并论证了地理信息系统的空间数学基础,并相应讨论了“无缝空间数据库”技术的若干基本问题,认为“无缝”不 仅是形式上的“无缝可视”,更重要在于“无缝量度”,“无缝空间分析”,“规范地无缝集成”的实质性能力上,最后通过对“无缝空间数据库”下的空间分析理论和技术,空间（数据）的表达,国家地球空间数据框架和技术路线的论述,表明使GIS与各地球科学学科的地球空间完全一致,将全面有益于地球信息科学的新发展。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(1):31-42
Abstract The formal process of system design begins with the identification of use cases. No such cases are readily apparent for the current generation of geobrowsers, though the text of the 1998 Gore speech refers to several. An analysis of the use cases of geographic information systems (GIS) reveals similarities with the functionality of geobrowsers, inviting the view that the two forms of geographic information technology will eventually converge. However, experience suggests that users are finding very different ways of exploiting geobrowsers, and two examples are discussed in detail. These uses can be interpreted within a broad framework of spatial concepts, and the paper concludes that this framework provides a better guide to the future of geobrowsers and Digital Earth than current GIS technology. 相似文献
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基于WebGIS的旅游信息系统建设 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
建设基于WebGIS的旅游地理信息系统,是促进和推广GIS在旅游部门中应用的有效方法。本文提出了Internet和GIS技术相结合,将地理信息与旅游专业信息相结合,建设旅游地理信息系统的技术方法,介绍了基于WebGIS的旅游信息系统的建设过程、技术路线、系统的功能设计、系统的特点以及系统中存在的问题,为旅游企业部门的管理,和人们出行旅游提供了及时的地理信息保障。 相似文献
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An integrated urban systems model with GIS 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The main purpose of this paper is to explore a possible integration for the entire transportation modeling procedure – from
data inventory to future demand forecasting – by implementing integrated land use and transportation models with a geographic
information system (GIS). In order to make an integrated, procedural modeling system possible, Land Use and Transportation
modeling system with GIS (LUTGIS) has been developed and presented in this paper.
There are four sub-systems in LUTGIS: (1) a data inventory system, (2) a traffic analysis zone generation system, (3) an
integrated land use and transportation modeling system, and (4) a graphic user interface (GUI) system. Since the main target
of this paper is to explore a possible way to create a viable system, LUTGIS integrates currently available and user-friendly
computing technologies. For both transportation planners and administrative decision-makers, such an operable system is very
desirable for sharing information so they may arrive at a consensus through the use of LUTGIS, an integrated land use and
transportation modeling system.
Received: 22 October 1998/Accepted 11 July 1999 相似文献
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ArcGIS是一个建设完整GIS的软件集合,它包含了一系列部署GIS的框架:ArcGIS Desktop(专业GIS应用的完整套件)、ArcGIS Engine(定制开发GIS应用的嵌入式开发组件)、服务端GIS(ArcSDE,ArcIMS和ArcGIS Server)。ArcGIS在空间基础地理信息数据建库方面有着不可替代的作用。本文介绍ArcGIS在高速公路和国道测量中数据建库的一些应用。 相似文献
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周士刚 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(5):133-136
阐述了GIS(地理信息系统)的概念、特点以及GIS技术应用的范围,分析了城市消防附属设施资源与GIS技术的紧密相关特性。以城市消防部门应用需求为基础,提出了基于GIS技术的城市消防应急指挥地理信息系统结构设计、数据库设计、专题空间地理信息数据设计、功能设计等。最后结合哈尔滨市城市消防应急指挥地理信息系统开发试验,展示了部分项目开发内容。 相似文献
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GIS技术下的地理信息共享表现为GIS数据共享,在研究GIS数据共享时,是以最终实现地理信息共享为目的的。为达到这一目的,首先必须解决数据本身的共享问题,其次要解决数据所表达的语义的共享问题。探讨了构建基于GML(Geography Markup Language)的顾及语义的空间数据交换标准,并利用这一标准进行数据转换从而实现GIS语义共享。 相似文献
13.
A consistent theme in recent work on developing exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) has been the importance attached
to visualization techniques, particularly following the pioneering development of packages such as SPIDER and REGARD (Haslett
et al. 1990).
The focus on visual techniques is often justified in two ways: (a) the power of modern graphical interfaces means that graphics
is no longer a way of simply presenting results in the form of maps or graphs, but a tool for the extraction of information
from data; (b) graphical, exploratory methods are felt to be more intuitive for non-specialists to use than methods of numerical
spatial statistics enabling wider participation in the process of getting data insights. However, little work has been done
to decide which visualization tools might be needed to support ESDA, or how they can be most effectively implemented.
This paper briefly reviews a theoretical framework that has been suggested for addressing these issues, which comprises two
elements: firstly a data model, based on the distinction between rough and smooth properties of spatial data, that defines
what an analyst is looking for in data (Haining et al. 1998) and secondly a theoretical model for assessing the quality of
visualisation tools (Cleveland 1994). The emphasis of this paper is the use of the theoretical framework to structure an assessment
of SAGE, a software system that has been written for the spatial statistical analysis (including both exploratory and confirmatory
data analysis) of area based data linked to a GIS. The aim of the assessment is to identify the desirable features of the
system (that might be employed in other systems) whilst also highlighting what the additional requirements are thereby contributing
to the development of systems for ESDA that contain good quality scientific visualization tools for exploratory spatial data
analysis.
Received: 30 September 1998/Accepted: 17 September 1999 相似文献
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基于描述逻辑本体的GIS多重表达 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
多重表达是地理信息弹性表达和弹性存取的一个内在要求,它实质上提供了一个多尺度、多应用主题的数据集成机制。多重表达的建模不能仅限于数据库中多重几何特征的一致性表达,还必须支持不同语义粒度、不同应用主题下语义特征的弹性描述。基于形式化本体的地理信息建模更贴近于认知模型,还有助于语义表达以及基于语义的信息集成和共享。通过经典描述逻辑中具体域以及context的扩展,满足区域拓扑和上下文语义形式化描述的需要;给出一个基于描述逻辑的多表达地理本体方案,该方案能够为数据库中几何信息和语义信息的弹性表达提供一个统一的基于逻辑的模型理论基础。 相似文献
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在对移动GIS技术和框架分析的基础上,选取GeoServer地理信息发布平台,进行移动GIS旅游系统功能设计;采用OGC提出的空间数据互操作规范WMS、WFS实现地理信息数据交换;以七台河旅游数据作为专题数据,实现移动端旅游景点查询与语音导游系统。 相似文献
18.
面向地理环境主体GIS初探 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
依据人地关系理论，提出发展面向地理环境主体的GIS理念。面向地理环境主体的GIS，主要研究在相关地理生态与社会经济环境中关于主体时空分布、社会经济活动行为时空特征与规律的表达、计算、模拟与分析。探讨了面向地理环境主体GIS的主要特征，以及智能体建模、时空行为数据模型与可视化表现方法。 相似文献
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