共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Hugo A. Loáiciga 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(2):199-211
The equation of groundwater flow in marine island aquifers in which there is time-independent, spatially-variable recharge
and pumping is solved in closed form for rectangular, circular, and elliptical island geometries. The solution of the groundwater
flow equation is expressed in terms of the elevation of the phreatic surface within the flow domain. The depth of the seawater-freshwater
interface below mean sea level follows from the Dupuit–Ghyben–Herzberg relation. The method of solution presented in this
work relies on expanding the hydraulic head and forcing function (recharge and groundwater extraction) as Fourier series that
transforms the two-dimensional Poisson-type flow equations into second-order ordinary differential equations solvable using
classical theory. The important case of constant recharge (without groundwater extraction) leads to solutions in which the
hydraulic head is expressible as the product of a flow factor equal to the squared root of the ratio of recharge over hydraulic
conductivity times a geometric factor involving island shape parameters and flow boundary conditions. Estimability conditions
for the hydraulic conductivity are derived for the cases of constant recharge and spatially variable recharge with pumping. 相似文献
2.
潜水水流的动态随机模拟是一个复杂而难解决的问题.通过建立二维潜水非稳定流模拟的摄动随机有限元模型, 把控制方程的主要参数渗透系数和给水度随机变量、及源汇项和边界条件看作随机变量.在充分考虑4种随机因素的条件下, 推导出求解潜水二维非稳定流均值和方差的9个方程; 重点介绍了不同方程数值离散的特殊处理方法.通过设定理想例子对模拟结果进行了分析, 表明随机变量中边界条件值方差、渗透系数方差变化对水头方差变化的影响很小, 给水度方差的变化对水头方差的变化影响很大.本模型考虑因素全面, 对一般的潜水非稳定流随机模拟都可应用.本研究给出了边界、渗透系数、给水度的随机因素对潜水动态模拟的影响, 丰富和补充了地下水运动的随机理论. 相似文献
3.
多孔介质中悬浮质的淤塞作用对悬浮液渗流动态的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
定量地预测悬浮质在导水介质里流动过程中的淤塞作用及其对浆液流动动态的影响有助于合理地设计注浆工艺和控制注浆过程。表述悬浮质在多孔介质中的淤塞作用及其对流动状态的影响的数学模型由三个微分方程组成,即:悬浮质运移方程、悬浮质沉淀动态方程和悬浮液流动方程。用有限差分法对定流量和定边界水位差二种条件下多孔介质中一维流悬浮质淤塞问题的求解结果证明:由于淤塞作用,悬浮液在多孔介质中的流动总是呈非稳定流,并且随着时间的变化,在定流量条件下,流场中水力梯度逐渐增大;在定边界水位差条件下,流场中的流量则逐渐减小。 相似文献
4.
A mathematical model describing the hydraulic head distribution for a constant‐head test performed in a well situated at the centre of a patchy aquifer is presented. The analytical solution for the mathematical model is derived by the Laplace transforms and the Bromwich integral method. The solution for the hydraulic head has been shown to satisfy the governing equations, related boundary conditions, and continuity requirements for the hydraulic head and flow rate at the interface of the patch and outer regions. An efficient numerical approach is proposed to evaluate the solution, which has an integral covering an integration range from zero to infinity and an integrand consisting the product and square of the Bessel functions. This solution can be used to produce the curves of dimensionless hydraulic head against dimensionless time for investigating the effect of the contrast of formation properties on the dimensionless hydraulic head distribution. Define the ratio of outer‐region transmissivity to patch‐region transmissivity as α. The dimensionless hydraulic head for α=0.1 case is about 2.72 times to that for α=10 case at dimensionless large time (e.g. τ?106) when the dimensionless distance (ρ) equals 10. The results indicate that the hydraulic head distribution highly depends on the hydraulic properties of two‐zone formations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
在河流排污引起的污染物扩散计算中,不同河流宽度类别对应不同的移流扩散解析解算式,但缺少具体的河流宽度分类判别准则,给实际应用带来很大困难。按照河流污染物扩散受边界反射影响程度的不同,从移流扩散解析解算式的简化条件出发,提出了宽阔、中宽、窄小的分类方法和定义;根据二维可忽略边界反射的条件和达到全断面均匀混合距离小于等于河流宽度的条件,分别求解了河流宽阔与中宽窄小的分区临界关系线和中宽与窄小的分区临界关系线,提出了相应判据的数学表达式;给出了河流宽阔、中宽、窄小的分类判别准则以及各类别河流移流扩散解析解算式的对应关系。最后指出基于环境扩散条件的河流宽阔、中宽、窄小分区是相对的,对于同一河流在不同水力要素、扩散系数、排污强度和允许浓度升高值等条件下,可以得到不同的分区结果。 相似文献
6.
自然营造力作用下岩体混凝土水力劈裂分析与探讨 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
水利水电、矿业等工程在自然营造力作用下的水力劈裂边界条件与人工致裂不完全相同,有其自身的特点。在总结自然营造力作用下水力劈裂特点的基础上,根据研究的尺度不同,将水力劈裂研究分为岩体宏观的、综合的、统计意义上的水力劈裂和单裂纹的水力劈裂研究两种。分析了单裂纹内水流特性,将单裂纹内的水力劈裂分为两个阶段（或两种情况）分别进行研究,并将此问题得以简化,同时还提出了不同阶段裂纹内水流运动分析的模型。 相似文献
7.
G. Anagnostou 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1993,26(4):307-331
Summary In this paper, the phenomenon of swelling in tunnelling will be treated as a hydraulic-mechanical coupled process. This approach allows one to model the observed floor heaves realistically, i. e. without the prediction inevitable in the previous models of movements at the tunnel crown and walls. Furthermore, the development of heave and pressure over the course of time can be studied. The absence of deformations above the floor level is here interpreted as a consequence of the hydraulic boundary conditions. Besides the importance of seepage flow, the influence of rock strength is illustrated. Swelling rock is considered as an elastoplastic material. This allows one to predict the often large haaves of a tunnel floor as observed in situ. According to the numerical results, the area of practically relevant swelling strains extends as far as the plastic zone. 相似文献
8.
A Simple Approach to Account for Radial Flow and Boundary Conditions When Kriging Hydraulic Head Fields for Confined Aquifers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The estimation and mapping of realistic hydraulic head fields, hence of flow paths, is a major goal of many hydrogeological studies. The most widely used method to obtain reliable head fields is the inverse approach. This approach relies on the numerical approximation of the flow equation and requires specifying boundary conditions and the transmissivity of each grid element. Boundary conditions are often unknown or poorly known, yet they impose a strong signature on the head fields obtained by inverse analysis. A simpler alternative to the inverse approach is the direct kriging of the head field using the measurements obtained at observation wells. The kriging must be modified to incorporate the available information. Use of the dual kriging formalism enables simultaneously estimating the head field, the aquifer mean transmissivity, and the regional hydraulic gradient from head data in steady or transient state conditions. In transient state conditions, an estimate of the storage coefficient can be obtained. We test the approach on simple analytical cases, on synthetic cases with solutions obtained numerically using a finite element flow simulator, and on a real aquifer. For homogeneous aquifers, infinite or bounded, the kriging estimate retrieves the exact solution of the head field, the exact hydrogeological parameters and the flow net. With heterogeneous aquifers, kriging accurately estimates the head field with prediction errors of the same magnitude as typical head measurement errors. The transmissivities are also accurately estimated by kriging. Moreover, if inversion is required, the kriged head along boundaries can be used as realistic boundary conditions for flow simulation. 相似文献
9.
Samuel Boateng 《Hydrogeology Journal》2001,9(6):543-554
A variably saturated flow model is coupled to a first-order reliability algorithm to simulate unsaturated flow in two soils.
The unsaturated soil properties are considered as uncertain variables with means, standard deviations, and marginal probability
distributions. Thus, each simulation constitutes an unsaturated probability flow event. Sensitivities of the uncertain variables
are estimated for each event. The unsaturated hydraulic properties of a fine-textured soil and a coarse-textured soil are
used. The properties are based on the van Genuchten model. The flow domain has a recharge surface, a seepage boundary along
the bottom, and a no-flow boundary along the sides. The uncertain variables are saturated water content, residual water content,
van Genuchten model parameters alpha (α) and n, and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The objective is to evaluate the significance of each uncertain variable to
the probabilistic flow. Under wet conditions, saturated water content and residual water content are the most significant
uncertain variables in the sand. For dry conditions in the sand, however, the van Genuchten model parameters α and n are the most significant. Model parameter n and saturated hydraulic conductivity are the most significant for the wet
clay loam. Saturated water content is most significant for the dry clay loam.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
10.
Giovanna De Filippis Laura Foglia Mauro Giudici Steffen Mehl Stefano Margiotta Sergio L. Negri 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(7):2123-2138
The evaluation of the accuracy or reasonableness of numerical models of groundwater flow is a complex task, due to the uncertainties in hydrodynamic properties and boundary conditions and the scarcity of good-quality field data. To assess model reliability, different calibration techniques are joined to evaluate the effects of different kinds of boundary conditions on the groundwater flow in a coastal multi-layered aquifer in southern Italy. In particular, both direct and indirect approaches for inverse modeling were joined through the calibration of one of the most uncertain parameters, namely the hydraulic conductivity of the karst deep hydrostratigraphic unit. The methodology proposed here, and applied to a real case study, confirmed that the selection of boundary conditions is among the most critical and difficult aspects of the characterization of a groundwater system for conceptual analysis or numerical simulation. The practical tests conducted in this study show that incorrect specification of boundary conditions prevents an acceptable match between the model response to the hydraulic stresses and the behavior of the natural system. Such effects have a negative impact on the applicability of numerical modeling to simulate groundwater dynamics in complex hydrogeological situations. This is particularly important for management of the aquifer system investigated in this work, which represents the only available freshwater resource of the study area, and is threatened by overexploitation and saltwater intrusion. 相似文献
11.
采用修正κ-ε模型封闭Reynolds方程作为紊流控制方程,引入通度概念处理曲面不规则边界、用VOF法追踪自由表面,分别对水利工程中重力坝溢流、水跃、绕丁坝水流及岸边的波浪运动等几个典型算例进行数值模拟,并分别与实测资料进行比较,结果均得到了较好的验证。 相似文献
12.
等效水力隙宽和水力梯度对岩体裂隙网络非线性渗流特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
等效水力隙宽和水力梯度是影响岩体裂隙网络渗流特性的重要因素。制作裂隙网络试验模型,建立高精度渗流试验系统;求解纳维-斯托克斯方程,模拟流体在裂隙网络内的流动状态,研究等效水力隙宽和水力梯度对非线性渗流特性的影响。结果表明,当水力梯度较小时,等效渗透系数保持恒定的常数,流体流动属于达西流动区域,流量与压力具有线性关系,可采用立方定律计算流体流动;当水力梯度较大时,等效渗透系数随着水力梯度的增加而急剧减少,流体流动进入强惯性效应流动区域,流量与压力具有强烈的非线性关系,可采用Forchheimer方程计算流体流动。随着等效水力隙宽的增加,区别线性和非线性流动区域的临界水力梯度呈幂函数关系递减。当水力梯度小于临界水力梯度时,控制方程可选立方定律;当水力梯度大于临界水力梯度时,控制方程可选Forchheimer方程,其参数A和B可根据经验公式计算得到。其研究结果可为临界水力梯度的确定及流体流动控制方程的选取提供借鉴意义。 相似文献
13.
Barry J. Dempsey 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1978,2(1):19-34
An investigation was conducted to develop a comprehensive moisture model for predicting non-isothermal moisture conditions in soils. An extensive literature review indicated that a model based on the Philip and de Vries equations for non-isothermal moisture movement and heat conduction would give the best results. By using numerical methods, the implicit finite difference approximations to the moisture movement and heat-transfer equations were programmed for computer solution of water content and temperature in the soil with time. Validation studies indicate that the moisture model can be used to predict accurately moisture conditions in the soil. The model was validated by using hydraulic data from laboratory studies conducted on soil columns compacted with AASHO A-3 and AASHO A-4 soil. The application of the moisture model to the study of non-isothermal moisture movement in the field is demonstrated. The influence of parameters such as water table depth, precipitation, and soil hydraulic properties on soil moisture content are shown by use of the moisture model. The model is shown to be applicable to a wide range of boundary conditions and that it predicts the moisture-temperature regime with time in soils utilizing climatic input data. 相似文献
14.
15.
An analysis method for transient groundwater flow during slug tests performed in vertical cutoff walls is presented. The analytical solution for evaluating hydraulic conductivity of vertical cutoff walls is derived by applying the method of images to the previously developed analytical solution that is exclusively applicable to an infinite aquifer. Two distinct boundary conditions are considered to account for the configuration of the vertical cutoff wall: the wall‐soil formation interfaces with or without the existence of filter cakes, that is, constant‐head boundary and no‐flux boundary conditions. A series of type curves is constructed from the analytical solution and compared with those of a partially penetrated well within an aquifer. The constant‐head boundary condition provides faster hydraulic head recovery than the aquifer case. On the other hand, the no‐flux boundary condition leads to a delayed hydraulic head recovery. The greater the shape factor and well offset from the center of the cutoff wall, and the smaller the width of the cutoff wall, the greater the effect of the boundary condition observed in the type curves. This result shows the significance of considering proper boundary conditions at the vertical cutoff wall in analyzing slug tests. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
S. O. Grinevskii 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2010,65(6):387-398
On the basis of published soil profile data typical retention curves and hydraulic conductivity functions were obtained that
depend on soil depth, lithological characters, and different surface landscape conditions. The corresponding average soil
hydraulic parameters for M.Th.Van Genuchten equations were estimated. These average soil parameters are suitable for groundwater
recharge estimations based on unsaturated flow modeling. 相似文献
17.
The fluid flow induced by an incident wave at a discontinuity separating two porous media is governed by the hydraulic permeabilities of both media and that of the interface. In the context of Biot’s theory, we derive the time-harmonic Green’s function for the two half-space problem allowing incident fast and slow dilatational waves to assess the heterogeneous modelling behaviour for diverse hydraulic conditions. It is found that when at least one of the media is permeated with inviscid fluids, heterogeneous modelling simulates open boundary conditions. On the other hand, when the model is saturated with viscous fluids, the modelling reproduces restrained fluid flow whose values correspond to sealed pore interface conditions, in agreement with the theoretical results. Therefore the numerical technique models correctly the wave diffusion and propagation phenomena attendant at the boundary. 相似文献
18.
基于离散裂隙网络模型的裂隙水渗流计算 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
离散裂隙网络模型(Discrete Fracture Network（DFN）)是研究裂隙水渗流最为有效的手段之一。文章根据裂隙几何参数和水力参数的统计分布,利用Monte Carlo随机模拟技术生成二维裂隙网络,基于图论无向图的邻接矩阵判断裂隙网络的连通,利用递归算法提取出裂隙网络的主干网或优势流路径。基于立方定律和渗流连续性方程,利用数值解析法建立了二维裂隙网络渗流模型,分析不同边界条件下裂隙网络中的流体流动。结果表明,该方法可以模拟区域宏观水力梯度和边界条件下,裂隙网络水力梯度方向总的流量,以及节点的水位、节点间的流量和流动方向的变化特征,为区域岩溶裂隙水渗流计算提供了一种实用、可行的方法。 相似文献
19.
Water-absorbing rocks are formed from minerals that can hold water in their crystal structure or between grain boundaries. Such water absorption is often accompanied by a change in the crystal dimension that manifests itself as a swelling of the rock. Swelling is particularly pronounced in rocks containing phyllosilicates because of the ease with which these minerals hydrate; it is thus of geological and geotechnical relevance in shales, clay-rich soils and zeolitized tuffs. The model of hydration swelling that we present here is based on extended versions of the equations of poroelasticity and Darcy's transport law, which we derive using a non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach. Our equations account for the hydration reaction under the assumption that the reaction rate is fast in comparison with the rate at which hydraulic state changes are communicated through the rock, i.e. that local physico-chemical equilibrium persists. Using a finite-element scheme for solving numerically the governing equations of our model, we simulate the creep of shales during a routine swelling test and calculate the stress and strain distributions around wellbores drilled in shale formations that undergo swelling. We show that swelling effects promote tensile failure of the wellbore wall. 相似文献
20.
Laboratory validation of lattice Boltzmann method for modeling pore-scale flow in granular materials
Characteristics of fluid flow through various engineering structures, such as granular filters and asphalt pavements, influence their design life. Numerical simulation of fluid flow is useful for evaluating the hydraulic characteristics of these materials. Among various techniques, the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method is widely accepted due to the ease of implementing boundary conditions and the numerical stability in a wide variety of flow conditions. It has proven to be extremely efficient in the simulation of fluid flow through the complex geometries of granular materials. In this study, two-dimensional and three-dimensional LB models were developed to represent pore-scale monophasic Newtonian incompressible fluid flow in granular materials. Three-dimensional geometries of compacted aggregates and asphalt specimens were generated from X-ray Computed Tomography technique and used as input for the LB model. The accuracy of the models was verified by comparing the results with analytical solutions of simple geometries and hydraulic conductivity measurements on the compacted aggregates and hot mix asphalt specimens. The results of LB simulations were in excellent agreement with those obtained from analytical calculations and laboratory measurements. 相似文献