共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
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为查清高邮湖底泥及出入湖河口表层沉积物重金属分布特征,评价其潜在生态风险,以湖区及周边25个底泥和沉积物样品为载体,重点研究8种重金属元素,选用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法,相似比对重金属污染等级及评价潜在生态风险。测试数据表明,8种重金属元素中,仅Hg含量（平均值）未超过里下河浅洼平原表层土壤重金属元素背景值,As含量（最大值）超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值。Pearson相关系数矩阵表明,重金属元素Ni与Cr、Pb、Zn、Cu之间具显著同源性;单因子污染指数法与内梅罗综合指数法评价结果显示,污染指数均值排序均为As＞Cd＞Pb＞Cu＞Zn＞Ni＞Cr＞Hg,但对As、Cd评价前者为轻度污染,后者为中度污染;地累积指数Igeo显示,仅As为轻度污染,其余元素均为无污染状态。沉积物单项潜在生态风险指数排序为Cd＞Hg＞As＞Pb＞Cu＞Ni＞Cr＞Zn,仅Cd属中风险,其余元素为低风险;研究区综合潜在生态风险指数RI均值为115.7,表明全区总体生态风险属于低风险状态,重金属有沿入湖河口向湖心区富集趋势。 相似文献
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以金矿开发影响的黄河二级支流太峪水系沉积物为研究对象,沿河采集16个表层沉积物样品,分层采集垂向剖面10件水库沉积物样品,测定了样品中重金属元素Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu和Zn的含量,采用Hakanson潜在生态指数法和Tomlinson污染负荷指数法评价重金属元素污染程度和潜在生态风险。结果表明,矿业活动是太峪水系沉积物重金属元素污染的主要因素;变异系数、富集系数和最高污染系数均反映Hg、Pb、Cd是太峪水系沉积物的特征污染重金属元素,Cr和As的质量分数接近地区背景值;太峪水系表层沉积物受到重金属元素的极强污染,山区段污染较山外更严重;整个流域的Hg、Pb、Cd具有很强的潜在生态危害,Cr、As、Zn的潜在生态危害轻微;太峪水系沉积物垂向各层沉积物都受到重金属元素的极强污染,生态问题以Hg、Pb、Cd的潜在生态危害为主,其污染和生态危害程度都高于流向上的沉积物。潜在生态危害指数评价突出了不同元素的毒性和危害程度,而污染负荷指数法侧重于样本空间上的污染程度,二者互补使用有利于实际问题的全面评价。 相似文献
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内江市双桥乡土壤重金属含量及风险评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以四川省内江市双桥乡为研究区域,调查分析各类土壤中重金属（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg、Ni）含量情况。采用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和富集因子评价方法,对土壤重金属污染状况进行评价。研究结果表明,该地区Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn元素平均含量高于成都经济区、四川省、中国土壤背景值,有一定程度的Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn富集,Hg元素有个别样点含量偏高,并且单因子重金属的污染程度依次为：Cd〉Ni〉Zn〉Cu〉Cr〉Pb〉As〉Hg,Cd在绝大部份区域存在轻微污染,由内梅罗污染指数和富集因子评价得出区域综合污染程度为轻度。 相似文献
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泉州湾洛阳江潮间带表层沉积物重金属污染评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
泉州湾洛阳江潮间带表层沉积物中12种重金属元素含量分析表明,Co,Fe含量与海岸带土壤背景值较接近且变异系数很小,其含量主要来源于沉积物的本底值,受到人类活动的影响较小,而其他重金属与海岸带土壤背景值相差甚大(达几倍至几十倍)且变异系数较大,说明其已受到人类活动的影响较大,受到一定程度的污染.基于沉积物中重金属总量,用5种评价方法对洛阳江湖间带表层沉积物中重金属污染进行评价.以海洋沉积物质量标准(GB18668-2002)进行评价,洛阳江湖间带表层沉积物中各重金属平均含量均为二类沉积物质量标准,不能满足该区域应执行的一类标准.据地累积指数法,表层沉积物中V,Co,Hg,Fe为无污染水平,Cr,Mn,Zn,Pb为无-中等污染水平,Cu为中等污染水平,而Cd为强污染水平.以潜在生态风险指数法评价,研究区内各元素的平均潜在生态危害系数(Et)顺序为:Cd＞Hg＞Cu＞Cr＞Ni＞Zn＞Pb＞Co＞Mn＞V＞Ti.沉积物中重金属综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)表明,研究区域总体上处于生态风险极高水平,Cd,Hg,Cu为重要污染因子.以生物效应浓度法评价,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb的区域总平均含量均在其各自的ER-L与ER-M之间,说明洛阳江潮间带表层沉积物中以上元素对生物的负面效应中等.以综合响应因子法评价,从研究区总平均来看,沉积物重金属污染指示元素及其污染贡献大小顺序为:Cd＞Cu＞Ni＞Zn＞Mn,大多站位重金属污染严重.洛阳江潮间带表层沉积物属中度-重度污染水平. 相似文献
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《矿产与地质》2020,(3)
为揭示左江流域崇左段沉积物中重金属分布特征及其生态风险,共采集了27个表层水系沉积物样品,对其进行As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn等8种重金属元素含量和有机质(TOC、TN)的测定。结果表明:表层沉积物中重金属含量空间离散性中等,处于较低污染状态,主要为Cd重金属元素的污染,工业区附近点位出现Hg、Pb和Zn的污染;Cd和Hg表现出中等程度的潜在生态风险;Cd、As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn金属之间及与有机质间呈极显著的正相关,来源基本相似,主要来源是交通污染以及城市生活废水排放,且有机质是影响重金属分布与富集的重要因素。Hg对各金属和有机质相关性较低,Hg的来源与其他组分不同,主要来源于农业灌溉区化肥及农药污染。 相似文献
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周至县是陕西省乃至全国的猕猴桃主产区之一，为了查明周至地区土壤重金属地球化学特征及其成因，采集了周至地区8个典型农用田中226件土壤样品，分析测试了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni、Cr、As、Hg、Sn、Co、Mn、V和Fe含量，通过地球化学数据分析、主成分分析、Norm值计算，构建由Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni、Cr和As组成的最小数据集对周至地区土壤重金属生态风险进行评价，并分析了其成因。结果显示，最小数据集7种重金属的单因子污染指数和综合污染指数值均小于1，潜在生态风险指数为30.90，说明研究区土壤重金属于安全级别。通过相关性分析及主成分分析认为，第1主成分包括Cu、Ni、Cr、Co、Mn和V，其含量与地质背景密切相关；第2主成分包括Pb、Zn和Cd，主要受人为活动影响；第3主成分是As、Sn和Hg，可能受土壤组成的影响或者人为活动的影响。 相似文献
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黔西北典型铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染特征及其来源分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究矿区周边土壤重金属污染状况及其来源对土壤污染治理具有重要意义。本文以黔西北玉兰、永昌和杉树林铅锌矿周边农田土壤为研究对象,测定了土壤中的Pb、Zn、Ni、Cd、Cr、As、Hg和Cu含量,采用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和潜在生态风险指数评价了重金属污染状况,并结合多元统计分析探讨重金属的来源。结果表明,玉兰和永昌矿区Pb、Zn、Cd和Cu为重度污染,杉树林矿区Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg和As为重度污染,其余重金属为轻度或无污染,综合污染指数显示3个矿区均属重度污染。潜在生态风险指数表明玉兰和永昌矿区Cd、Hg和Pb及杉树林矿区Cd、Hg、Pb和As为中度或以上生态风险,其余重金属为低生态风险,综合生态风险指数显示玉兰和杉树林为极高生态风险,永昌为高生态风险。主成分分析表明,Pb、Zn、Hg、As和Cd主要源于矿山开采等人为活动,Ni和Cr主要源于成土母质,Cu污染是采矿作业和农业活动共同作用的结果。 相似文献
10.
云蒙湖表层沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解云蒙湖表层沉积物中重金属的污染状况,选取云蒙湖沉积物中6种重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、As)作为研究对象,测定并分析其在云蒙湖表层沉积物中的分布、来源及生态风险,以期为云蒙湖沉积物中重金属污染治理及饮用水安全保障提供依据。采用富集系数法、相关性分析及聚类分析对重金属来源进行分析,并选用富集系数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对重金属污染程度及潜在生态危害进行了评价。结果表明:云蒙湖表层沉积物中6种重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、As平均含量分别为20.9、73.1、23.1、62.0、0.4和4.5 mg/kg;与临沂市土壤背景比较,Cd、Zn和Cr的含量超过临沂市土壤背景值,Cd污染最严重。重金属来源分析结果显示:Cd受人类活动影响较大,可能与区域农业和林业施肥有关;Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr和 As这几种重金属以自然来源为主。综合富集系数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法3种评价方法的结果得出,云蒙湖表层沉积物中Cd 为最主要的污染元素,且具有较强的生态危害。 相似文献
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Lan Wang Yaping Wang Wenzhao Zhang Chunxue Xu Ziyi An 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(3):1183-1193
The concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Hg, and Fe) in sediments of the Yangtze River, China, were investigated to evaluate levels of contamination and their potential sources. The lowest heavy metal concentrations were found in the source regions of the river basin. Relatively high concentrations of metals, except Cr, were found in the Sichuan Basin, and the highest concentrations were in the Xiangjiang and Shun’anhe rivers. All concentrations, except Ni, were higher than global averages. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that Zn, Pb, As, Hg, and Cd were derived mainly from the exploitation of various multi-metal minerals, industrial wastewater, and domestic sewage. Cu, Co, and Fe were derived mainly from natural weathering (erosion). Cr and Ni were derived mainly from agricultural activities, municipal and industrial wastewater. Sediment pollution was assessed using the geoaccumulation index (I geo) and enrichment factor (EF). Among the ten heavy metals assessed, Cd and Pb had the highest I geo values, followed by Cu, As, Zn, and Hg. The I geo values of Fe, Cr, Co, and Ni were <0 in all sediments. EF provided similar information to I geo: no enrichment was found for Cr, Co, and Ni. Cu, Zn, As, and Hg were relatively enriched at some sites while Cd and Pb showed significant enrichment. 相似文献
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雅鲁藏布江表层沉积物地球化学元素研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
雅鲁藏布江流域还没有大的工业污染源,仍然属于自然河流.对雅鲁藏布江16个表层沉积样品的全样、小于20μm 和小于63μm 粒级的32种元素含量进行了测定,并分析了与人类活动密切相关的元素 Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd 和 Pb 的含量分布特征,以及这些元素含量与粒径之间的关系.结果表明,多数元素(Cs 除外)与西藏土壤元素背景值相差不大, B、Cr、Ni、As 和 Cs 含量高于中国陆壳元素丰度值,但这些元素主要来源于该流域富含这些元素的页岩、片岩和千枚岩等母岩.由于相似的地球化学行为,沉积物中 Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn 之间显著正相关;除 Pb、As 外,一些元素(如 Zn、Ni)与沉积物的粒径显著负相关 相似文献
13.
In order to assess the pollution levels of selected heavy metals, 45 bottom sediment samples were collected from Al-Kharrar lagoon in central western Saudi Arabia. The concentrations of the heavy metals were recorded using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results showed that the concentrations of Pb and Cd exceeded the environmental background values. However, the heavy metal contents were less than the threshold effect level (TEL) limit. The concentrations of heavy metals in lagoon bottom sediments varied spatially, but their variations showed similar trends. Elevated levels of metals were observed in the northern and southern parts of the lagoon. Evaluation of contamination levels by the sediment quality guidelines (SQG) of the US-EPA revealed that sediments were non-polluted-moderately to heavily polluted with Pb; non-polluted to moderately polluted with Cu; and non-polluted with Mn, Zn, Cd, and Cr. The geoaccumulation index showed that lagoon sediments were unpolluted with Cd, Mn, Fe, Hg, Mo, and Se; unpolluted to moderately polluted with Zn and Co; and moderately polluted with Pb, Cr, Cu, and As. The high enrichment factor values for Pb, As, Cu, Cr, Co, and Zn (>2) indicate their anthropogenic sources, whereas the remaining elements were of natural origins consistent with their low enrichment levels. The values of CF indicate that the bottom sediments of Al-Kharrar lagoon are moderately contaminated with Mn and Pb. 相似文献
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长江上游是整个长江经济带的重要生态屏障。以长江上游攀西大梁子铅锌矿区水系沉积物为研究对象,查明了重金属元素含量的空间分布特征,分析了重金属来源,探讨了在不同pH条件下重金属的淋滤规律,并进行了生态风险评估。研究结果显示:攀西大桥河流域水系沉积物中重金属的空间分布极不均匀,其含量明显要高于长江水系沉积物中重金属的平均含量;重金属生态风险属于很强风险,Hg和Cd呈高度富集、严重污染;Pb和Zn呈中度富集、中等污染。淋滤实验结果表明Pb、Zn、Cd在酸性和中性条件下淋滤浓度先快速下降,后逐渐趋于平衡,而As在快速下降后又有缓慢升高的趋势。大桥河流域水系沉积物中As、Cd、Pb、Zn主要来源于大梁子铅锌矿的采选活动,Hg为岩石风化和土壤剥蚀来源,而Cu和Cr主要为农业和工业活动来源。综合对比发现,攀西成矿带铅锌矿周边土壤富Cd而贫Cr,此外Cd、Pb、Zn、Hg是主要潜在污染物,且生态风险程度较高。 相似文献
15.
包头市典型工业区表层土壤中重金属污染状况及其潜在生态风险研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为了解包头市典型工业企业对其所在地土壤中重金属含量的影响及污染现状,利用相关性系数对其表层土壤中7种重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、Mn、Ni)来源进行研究,并采用内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数对其污染状况进行评价。结果表明,7种重金属含量平均值均高于内蒙古土壤背景值,其中Cd、Mn、Ni超标率已达100%,而Cu、Pb、Zn的超标率分别为97%、93%和93%,只有Cr超标率较低(53%),污染程度依次为CdPbCuNiZnMnCr,其中Pb和Cd为重度污染,Cu、Zn、Ni为中度污染,Cr、Mn为轻度污染;Cu、Zn、Cr、Mn、Ni可能同时来自工业生产和交通运输两个源,而Pb和Cd除上述来源外,燃煤烟气的排放有较大贡献。潜在生态危害依次为CdPbCuNiCrZnMn,其中Cd的潜在生态风险最大,应予以高度重视,其他金属的风险均为轻微。 相似文献
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Distribution and speciation of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Yangtze estuary and coastal areas 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Xue Li Ying Wang Baohua Li Chenghong Feng Yaxin Chen Zhenyao Shen 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(5):1537-1547
The concentrations and speciation of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the sediments of the nearshore area, river channel and coastal zones of the Yangtze estuary, China, were systematically investigated in this study. The concentrations of all heavy metals except Ni in the sediments of the nearshore area were higher than those of the river channel and coastal zones. In the nearshore area, the concentrations of most heavy metals except Hg in the sediments of the southern branch were higher than those of the northern branch because of the import of pollutants from the urban and industrial activities around. When compared with the threshold effect level (TEL) and geochemical background levels, Cr, Ni and As accumulated and posed potential adverse biological effects. The speciation analysis suggested that Cd, Pb and Zn in the sediments of the three zones showed higher bioavailability than the other heavy metals, and thus posed ecological risk. Significant correlations were observed among Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn (r > 0.77) in the nearshore area, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb (r > 0.85) in the river channel and Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn (r > 0.75) in the coastal zone. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the discharge of unban and industrial sewage, shipping pollution and the properties of the sediments (contents of Fe, Mn, Al, TOC, clay and silt) dominated the distribution of heavy metal in the nearshore area, river channel and coastal zones of the Yangtze estuary. 相似文献
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Y. Vystavna F. Huneau J. Schäfer M. Motelica-Heino G. Blanc A. Larrose Y. Vergeles D. Diadin P. Le Coustumer 《Applied Geochemistry》2012
This paper reports on the aquatic chemistry of trace elements in terms of spatial and temporal distribution, but also pollution sources in the transboundary watershed of the Seversky Donets River (Ukraine/Russia). Bed sediments and filtered water were collected from the Udy and Lopan Rivers at sites from the river source in the Belgorod region (Russia) to rural and urban areas in the Kharkiv region (Ukraine) in May and August 2009. Priority trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn), an urban tracer (Ag) and additional metals (Co, Mo, V) and Th were measured in stream water and sediments. The low levels and variability of Th-normalized concentrations indicated the absence of geochemical anomalies in the upstream part of the rivers and suggested that these data represent a regional baseline for trace elements in bed sediments. In contrast, water and sediments within the city of Kharkiv were contaminated by Ag, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn, which are mainly attributed to municipal wastewater inputs and urban run-off. Results of the environmental quality assessment showed that element concentrations in the sediments can be considered as potentially toxic to aquatic organisms in sites downstream of the wastewater discharges. 相似文献