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基于DEM的土壤理化性质空间统计与三维表达——以湖南醴陵市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以土壤图、地貌分区图、地形图、土壤普查及野外实际调查资料为数据源,利用GIS软件建立DEM并进行高程分带和空间叠置分析等,研究湖南醴陵市土壤空间分布及其理化性质与地形因子的相互关系。结果表明:土壤空间分布具有强烈的区域差异性,不同地貌分区和高程区域土壤组合不同,同一土壤类型在各地貌分区和高程区域的分布面积也不同;土壤理化性质与海拔高程具有显著相关性,随海拔高程增加,土壤有机质和全氮含量减少,阳离子代换量降低,土壤pH值升高、酸性减弱。据此构建研究区土壤空间分布三维可视化模型,直观再现土壤空间分布与所处地理环境的关系。 相似文献
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暴雨对土壤组成和性质的影响——以河南省泌阳暴雨中心区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以河南省泌阳暴雨中心区为例 ,在野外土壤调查和室内理化分析的基础上 ,分析讨论了暴雨对土壤组成和性质的影响。结果表明 ,暴雨中心区土壤因长期的暴雨冲刷 ,土层浅薄 ,发生层数目少 ,土体构型简单 ;砾石含量高 ,物理性粘粒含量低 ,质地类型多属多砾质砂土 ;土体中不出现肉眼可辨的铁锰结核 ;土壤淋溶作用强烈 ,呈微酸性反应 ;土壤有机质和速效氮含量较高 ,而速效钾含量偏低 ,有机质表聚化现象不明显 ;盐基淋溶率小于 1 0 0 ,土体SiO2 /R2 O3小于 7 0 0 ,脱硅和富铁铝化作用明显 ,土体风化程度较高。对暴雨中心区附近的土壤来说 ,上述土壤组成和性质均出现明显的差异。 相似文献
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新疆古尔班通古特地区的土壤结皮及其保护 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生物土壤结皮对于荒漠地区生态环境、土壤形成、防沙固沙等起到积极作用,因此对其进行保护和研究在中国北方荒漠化地区具有重要意义。在阐述生物土壤结皮的生态功能、性质及主要干扰因子的基础上,考虑到其特殊性质及主要的聚集分布区域和受到的潜在干扰,建议在中国新疆古尔班通古特沙漠地区建立生物土壤结皮国家级自然保护区,并提出了拟设立自然保护区的具体区域及相应的建议和措施,以促进生物土壤结皮和荒漠生态系统的研究和荒漠化地区生态环境的恢复与重建。 相似文献
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In order to assess and improve the engineering stability of saline soil with high chloride content along a 40-km section of the Chaerhan-Golmud Highway in northwestern China, more than 200 monitoring p... 相似文献
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中国土壤土层厚度的空间变异性特征 总被引：98，自引：5，他引：98
以全国第二次土壤普查的1627个土壤剖面资料为基础,在地质统计学和地理信息系统的支持下,以变异函数为基本工具初步分析中国土壤土层厚度的空间变异特征,并应用普通克里格法进行最优无偏线性插值,制作出分辨率为30km×30km的中国土壤土层厚度的空间分布图。结果表明:中国土壤土层厚度具有较好的可迁性和空间结构性特点,实验变异函数值的变化趋势基本上随着距离的增加逐渐上升,拟合变程在680km以上,土壤厚度的相关性可大于680km,土层厚度具有明显的块状或连续分布的特点 相似文献
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使用地理加权相关（GW correlation）与多因素方差分析对张家口地区土壤理化参数空间分异及其相关关系进行分析。结果显示：土壤理化参数具有不同的空间自相关性，各参数之间地理加权相关系数存在正负或大小差异。林地土壤养分含量与饱和导水率显著大于其他土地利用类型（P<0.05）；土壤理化参数之间相关性主要表现为坝上高原>坝下区域、栗钙土>其他土壤类型（P<0.05）。这表明，土地利用是影响张家口地区土壤理化参数空间分异的主要因素，地貌和土壤类型是影响土壤理化参数相关关系空间分异的主要因素，结果可以为认识区域土壤地域分异规律及制定生态脆弱区水土涵养措施提供数据参考。 相似文献
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西藏高原干旱半干旱区土壤分形特征及其应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对西藏高原干旱半干旱区4种土地利用类型的土壤全样和层样采集与测定,运用土壤粒径的质量分布原理,计算出它们的分形维数。并分析其与土地利用方式、土壤肥力的关系。同时还探讨了土壤分形维数在剖面不同深度的纵向变化。结果表明:i.土壤分形维数不仅可以反映土壤质地的均一程度,而且可以间接反映自然环境变化和人类活动对土壤理化性质的影响。ii.土壤肥力与土壤分形维数有显著的相关性。当土壤颗粒组成分形维数Dp<2.65和微团聚体组成分形维数Da<2.44时,土壤肥力最佳。iii.Dp值和Da值随深度呈波状变化,峰值出现的深度与土地利用方式和人类活动密切相关。 相似文献
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基于环境相关法的土壤属性空间分布特征研究——以黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域为例 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
在横山县朱家沟小流域采集111个样点,分析土壤属性与地形因子相互关系,进行空间预测分析。结果表明:土壤密度与复合地形指数CTI显著正相关,土壤有机质与复合地形指数CTI、汇流动力指数SPI、沉积物运移指数STI显著负相关,全磷只与坡度β显著负相关。多元线性逐步回归模型对于土壤密度和有机质拟合较好,而对于全磷,预测结果较差;回归-克里格预测有效地减小了残差,消除了平滑效应,预测极差更宽,对于局部的变异及地形、土地利用的关系体现更为细化,提高了预测精度。 相似文献
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Soil thermal properties and heat transfer processes near Ny-Alesund, northwestern Spitsbergen, Svalbard 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
JAAKKO PUTKONEN 《Polar research》1998,17(2):165-179
The annually thawing active layer of permafrost is central to considerations of climate change consequences in arctic areas and interpretations of deep permafrost temperatures that constitute and exceptional archive of past climate change. Moreover, a sound understanding of the thermal regime of the active layer is of great interest, because all chemical, biological and physical processes are concentrated there. The author studied this layer by examining the soil physical properties and heat transfer processes that dictate soil temperatures for an arctic desert site in northwestern Spitsbergen. A wide array of soil physical properties based on field observations and laboratory measurements were defined. These include mineralogy, grain size distribution, local regolith thickness, porosity, density, typical soil moisture profile, heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Heat transfer processes were studied through modeling of soil temperatures. The heat transfer model accounted for much of the observed soil thermal regime. It was found that thermal conduction, phase change of soil water at 0°C, and changes in unfrozen water content are the primary thermal processes that explain the observed soil temperatues in this field site. Melt-water infiltration, which is often overlooked in the energy budget, causes abrupt warming events and delivers considerable energy to the soil in late spring. An increase in frequency or magnitude of infiltration events could mimic simple spring time surface warming. Advection of ground water and soil internal evaporation were found to be generally unimportant at the site studied. 相似文献
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通过野外现场调查、载荷试验、轻型圆锥动力触探及室内试验,对呼伦贝尔沙质草原厚度30 cm的表层沙土物理力学性质及承载力、剪切变形特征进行研究。结果表明:表层沙土工程分类为细砂,颗粒级配不良,沿深度有明显分层;干密度1.34～1.51 g·cm-3,黏聚力12～27.4 kPa,内摩擦角22.5°～24.0°,变形模量8.5 MPa;各指标表明沙土的工程性质上部差于下部;沙土承载力特征值和极限承载力分别为150 kPa和300 kPa,承载力不足导致表层沙土发生冲剪破坏(塑性破坏)和整体剪切破坏(脆性破坏)。 相似文献
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Spatial variability and pattern analysis of soil properties in Dehui city, Jilin province 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1IntroductionSoil nutrient, as the synthetic results under the influence of various anthropogenic activities and the factors such as climate and topography, etc., possesses certain spatial distribution characteristics, and certain structural and stochastic characteristics. The study of the differences existing in different parts of the region lays the foundation for adjusting all management measures and all material input capacities and for gaining the maximal economic benefit. Presently, the … 相似文献
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Based on regionalized variable theory, semivariograms of geo-statistics were used to research the spatial variation of soil properties quantitatively. The results showed that the semivariogram of soil organic matter is best described by spherical model, the best model for semivariograms of soil total N and available K is exponential models and that of available P belongs to linear with sill model. Those soil properties have different spatial correlations respectively, the lag of organic matter is the highest and that of available P is the lowest, the spatial correlation of N and available K belongs to moderate degree. Spatial heterogeneities are different too, the degree of organic matter and total N are higher, the degree of available K is in the next place and that of available P is the lowest. Influenced by the shape, topography and soil of the study area, all isotropies of available P are obvious in all directions while anisotropies of others are manifested. According to the analytical results, supported by GIS, Kriging and IDW methods are applied to describe and analyze the spatial distribution of soil properties. The results indicate that soil organic matter, total N and available K are distributed regularly from northeast to southwest, while available P is distributed randomly. 相似文献
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Based on regionalized variable theory, semivariograms of geo-statistics were used to research the spatial variation of soil properties quantitatively. The results showed that the semivariogram of soil organic matter is best described by spherical model, the best model for semivariograms of soil total N and available K is exponential models and that of available P belongs to linear with sill model. Those soil properties have different spatial correlations respectively, the lag of organic matter is the highest and that of available P is the lowest, the spatial correlation of N and available K belongs to moderate degree. Spatial heterogeneities are different too, the degree of organic matter and total N are higher, the degree of available K is in the next place and that of available P is the lowest. Influenced by the shape, topography and soil of the study area, all isotropies of available P are obvious in all directions while anisotropies of others are manifested. According to the analytical results, supported by GIS, Kriging and IDW methods are applied to describe and analyze the spatial distribution of soil properties. The results indicate that soil organic matter, total N and available K are distributed regularly from northeast to southwest, while available P is distributed randomly. 相似文献
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Extensive studies of land subsidence in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) have identified sediment consolidation and compaction as important contributors to geologic processes. Although previous studies were informed by detailed knowledge of subsurface getechnical properties and depositional history, geotechnical data that are sufficient for detailed modeling are still unavailable for much of the delta. To overcome this limitation, we use a modified Monte Carlo method to model the incremental sedimentation and compaction in the delta and identify the stratigraphic characteristics of all abandoned lobes in the delta on a short-term scale of decades. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the thickness of the delta plain is generated based on a contour map of the delta using Geographic Information Systems technology. Combining our simulation results and the DEM creates an overall view of the delta’s temporal and spatial land subsidence characteristics. Most data from the 152 boreholes show properties of soft soil, which is saturated and compressible. Our data confirm that the most rapidly compacting strata contain 100% soft soil. Research on settlement from soft soil compaction is particularly important because of the widespread distribution of soft soil in the YRD. 相似文献
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J. Anthony Stallins 《自然地理学》2013,34(1):79-98
Plant species distributions often have been attributed to landform characteristics or their associated geomorphic processes. This complicates interpretation of vegetation patterns in that geomorphic processes shape, and are shaped by, landforms. To characterize the biogeographic impacts of this interaction, I used principal components analysis (PCA) to examine hypotheses regarding the structure of variation among soil properties in active barrier-island dune systems. Dune soils and vegetation were sampled on two well-recognized barrier-island morphologies. On low-profile, wave-dominated microtidal barrier islands (South Core Banks, North Carolina) frequent overwash exerts a greater control on the distribution of soil properties. On mixed-energy mesotidal barrier islands (Sapelo Island, Georgia), overwash is less frequent, and the distribution of soil properties is shaped by a complex dune topography. Nontrivial principal components on both islands captured an equivalent amount of variance in the soil data. However, there were inter-island differences in the dimensionality of these nontrivial principal components, and differences in the distribution of variance and factor loadings. Suites of topography-modifying species, unique to each island, were uniform in the strength of their individual correlation with local edaphic variability. I posit that soil variance structure is a useful criterion to distinguish the relative influence on vegetation patterns of soil properties expressed through landforms (Sapelo Island) versus sediment transport processes (South Core Banks). [Key words: dune vegetation, barrier islands, principal components analysis (PCA), overwash.] 相似文献
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耕地土壤速效钾含量的空间预测方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用插值方法进行土壤属性的空间预测是土壤学科的研究热点之一,以土壤发生学相关信息作为辅助变量的克里格空间插值方法则少有研究。该文以成土母质多样的湖南省石门县为例,基于GS+、ArcGIS和Matlab,结合成土母质信息的克里格(PMK)插值方法,对研究区土壤速效钾空间分布进行了预测。结果表明,PMK法较好地解决了因成土母质间速效钾含量差异给预测带来的误差,预测精度较反距离权重(IDW)、普通克里格(OK)法分别提高了21.68%、16.43%;PMK法制作的空间预测图中速效钾分布突变而非渐变,较IDW、OK预测结果接近研究区实际情况,进而证明在成土母质较为复杂的地区,PMK法适合对土壤速效钾含量的预测。 相似文献
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广东韶关市农业土壤磁学性质的空间分布及其影响因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
环境磁学方法具有快速、经济、非破坏性等优点,在农业土壤方面具有较高的研究价值与应用潜力。选取广东省韶关市范围内的32个耕地和65个林地表层土壤样品进行环境磁学分析,测试其高、低频磁化率,非磁滞剩磁与饱和等温剩磁等磁学参数,分析农业土壤磁学性质的空间分布特征及其影响因素,以及磁学指标之间的相关性。结果表明：韶关市农业土壤磁学参数在空间上存在较大变异性,曲江、新丰和乐昌北部的磁性矿物质量分数较高,乳源、武江、始兴南部和翁源北部的磁性矿物粒度较细。土地利用方式是研究区内农业土壤磁学性质的主要影响因素,耕地的磁性颗粒粒径比林地粗,磁性矿物质量分数比林地低。母质类型对农业土壤磁学性质的影响程度不及土地利用类型,可能由于农业土壤受人为因素的影响比母质更显著。人为排放源,包括工业活动和交通运输,对农业表层土壤磁性有明显的增强效应,对磁性物质的粒径分布也有一定的影响。 相似文献