共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Dynamic characteristics of heavy-haul railway subgrade under vibratory loading in cold regions are investigated via low-temperature dynamic triaxial tests with multi-stage cyclic loading process. The relationship between dynamic shear stress and dynamic shear strain of frozen soil of subgrade under train loading and the influence of freezing temperatures on dynamic constitutive relation, dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio are observed in this study. Test results show that the dynamic constitutive relations of the frozen soils with different freezing temperatures comply with the hyperbolic model, in which model parameters a and b decrease with increasing freezing temperature. The dynamic shear modulus of the frozen soils decreases with increasing dynamic shear strains initially, followed by a relatively smooth attenuation tendency, whereas increases with decreasing freezing temperatures. The damping ratios decrease with decreasing freezing temperatures. Two linear functions are defined to express the linear relationships between dynamic shear modulus (damping ratio) and freezing temperature, respectively, in which corresponding linear coefficients are obtained through multiple regression analysis of test data. 相似文献
2.
The dynamic strain and strength of frozen silt under long-term dynamic loading are studied based on creep tests. Three groups of
tests are performed (Groups I, II, and III). The initial deviator stresses of Groups I and II are same and the dynamic stress amplitude
of Group II is twice as that of Group I. The minimum value of dynamic stress in Group III is near zero and its dynamic stress
amplitude is larger than those of Groups I and II. In tests of all three groups there are similar change trends of accumulative strain,
but with different values. The accumulative strain curves consist of three stages, namely, the initial stage, the steady stage, and the
gradual flow stage. In the tests of Groups I and II, during the initial stage with vibration times less than 50 loops the strain amplitude
decreased with the increase of vibration times and then basically remained constant, fluctuating in a very small range. For the
tests of Group III, during the initial and steady stages the strain amplitude decreased with the increase of vibration times, and then
increased rapidly in the gradual flow stage. The dynamic strength of frozen silt decreases and trends to terminal dynamic strength
as the vibration times of loading increase. 相似文献
3.
城乡界面动态模型研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
城乡界面在地域上处于城市和乡村交界处,在功能上起到城乡要素交流的空间载体作用,其发展对城乡协调意义重大。基于系统动力学,从要素流的角度构建城乡界面的理论框架,通过构建数量模型来刻画城乡界面动态演化机制。模型求解结果显示：① 在不同发展阶段,城乡界面受到内生动力和外生动力不同程度的影响。② 随着城乡界面的发展,其效应由负效应向正效应过渡,效应大小取决于其循环积累能力大小。③ 平衡态受城乡要素交换率、自身内生动力和循环积累能力的共同影响;城乡界面的平衡态是恒定的,但具有空间尺度效应。④ 开关模型刻画了界门对城市系统和乡村系统的作用机制。据此,分别从时间尺度和空间尺度对中国城乡系统的发展提出政策建议。 相似文献
4.
为了从城市级别和市场分割的双维度解释中国城镇化效率增进的实现机制,运用2003—2017年中国城市数据和动态空间面板模型实证检验了城市级别和市场分割对城镇化效率的影响效应。结果显示,城市行政级别和市场分割程度是阻碍中国城镇化效率提升的两大制度壁垒,从而陷入“高级别?高分割?低效率”的发展困境。“高级别?低效率”的原因在于,高级别城市倾向于利用行政级别优势,以牺牲生态城镇化来过度追求人口城镇化、经济城镇化和土地城镇化,而“高分割?低效率”则源于户籍制度、地方保护及环境治理方式的差异。异质性检验结果表明,在东部地区设置高级别城市将有利于改善“高级别?低效率”的发展困境,而且高强度的环境约束、更先进的基础设施、更高效的公共服务与更开放的投资环境可以在很大程度上缓解城市行政级别对城镇化效率的抑制效应。 相似文献
5.
产业内贸易与产业结构的优化——基于中国制造业动态面板数据的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
＂十二五＂时期是促进中国工业转型和产业结构调整的重要机遇期。本文在统计分析中国产业内贸易与产业结构优化现状的基础上,分别检验产业内贸易与产业结构合理化和高度化之间存在的相关性,并运用动态面板数据模型进行回归分析,回归结果表明产业内贸易能有效促进产业结构优化,但在不同技术附加值的行业中存在差异,产业内贸易能有效提升高技术产业结构合理化水平,提升低技术、中等技术产业结构高度化水平。因此,有必要根据产业内贸易对不同技术附加值产业结构优化的影响制定产业政策,逐步实现产业结构的优化调整。 相似文献
6.
7.
GIS系统集成的理论与实践 总被引：61，自引：0，他引：61
本文探讨了ＧＩＳ系统集成的若干理论问题，集成系统的体系结构及系统集成的方法与步骤，并结合作者在“八五”攻关课题“洪水灾害遥感监测与评估技术研究”以及“重大自然灾害遥感监测评估集成系统研究”中的实践，介绍了集成的内容和若干工程性提出了运用对象连接与嵌入技术实现模型与ＧＩＳ动态集成的方法。 相似文献
8.
在对投影寻踪聚类方法深入分析的基础上,首次把投影寻踪聚类的思想和动态聚类方法结合起来构造投影指标,提出了投影寻踪动态聚类(PPDC)新方法,新方法在整个运算过程中完全由自身数据驱动,毋需人为给定参数,具有聚类结果客观、明确以及稳定性好、操作简便等特点。计算结果表明,PPDC法应用于区域泥石流危险度评价不仅切实可行,而且能克服了现有评价方法的不足,取得了令人满意的实际应用效果。上述应用为同类问题的研究开创了一条新途径,也进一步为生态保护、防灾减灾提供科学依据和技术支持。 相似文献
9.
An active application of a concrete track is expected for the future construction of railroads. For successful concrete track
construction and operation in earthwork areas, the residual settlement should be reasonably controlled by using an appropriate
method. The maintenance for excessive settlement is very difficult on the operating line because the maintenance
method is very restrictive. The objective of this study is to introduce pressurized rapid-hardening cement grouting (PRCG)
method to restore a subsided concrete track without any adverse effects on train operation. This method involves the use of
special types of materials (very quick hardening and middle-hardening mortar), compact grouting equipment, and a special
construction process. In spite of the extremely restrictive environment, this method has been demonstrated to be very effective
and reasonable through laboratory and field tests. 相似文献
10.
元胞自动机被广泛应用于城市及其他地理现象的模拟,模拟过程中的最大问题是如何确定模型的结构和参数。该文提出一种基于分析学习的智能优化元胞自动机,该模型在逻辑回归模型的基础上,基于分析学习的智能方法,寻找元胞自动机模型的最佳参数。该方法允许用户控制空间变量影响权重,进而模拟出不同的城市发展模式,可为城市规划提供重要参考。 相似文献
11.
Youwei Wang Joep E. A. Storms Allard W. Martinius Derek Karssenberg Hemmo A. Abels 《Basin Research》2021,33(1):48-65
Formation of alluvial stratigraphy is controlled by autogenic processes that mix their imprints with allogenic forcing. In some alluvial successions, sedimentary cycles have been linked to astronomically‐driven, cyclic climate changes. However, it remains challenging to define how such cyclic allogenic forcing leads to sedimentary cycles when it continuously occurs in concert with autogenic forcing. Accordingly, we evaluate the impact of cyclic and non‐cyclic upstream forcing on alluvial stratigraphy through a process‐based alluvial architecture model, the Karssenberg and Bridge (2008) model (KB08). The KB08 model depicts diffusion‐based sediment transport, erosion and deposition within a network of channel belts and associated floodplains, with river avulsion dependent on lateral floodplain gradient, flood magnitude and frequency, and stochastic components. We find cyclic alluvial stratigraphic patterns to occur when there is cyclicity in the ratio of sediment supply over water discharge (Qs/Qw ratio), in the precondition that the allogenic forcing has sufficiently large amplitudes and long, but not very long, wavelengths, depending on inherent properties of the modelled basin (e.g. basin subsidence, size, and slope). Each alluvial stratigraphic cycle consists of two phases: an aggradation phase characterized by rapid sedimentation due to frequent channel shifting and a non‐deposition phase characterized by channel belt stability and, depending on Qs/Qw amplitudes, incision. Larger Qs/Qw ratio amplitudes contribute to weaker downstream signal shredding by stochastic components in the model. Floodplain topographic differences are found to be compensated by autogenic dynamics at certain compensational timescales in fully autogenic runs, while the presence of allogenic forcing clearly impacts the compensational stacking patterns. 相似文献
12.
南昌地区建设用地空间扩展的广义转移概率模型建设与应用研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对南昌地区城市发育约束因素的分析的基础上,基于非城市像元所处的城市化梯度、距离最近建成区斑块的距离、最近建成区斑块的规模、边缘像元的邻域水平等4个城市景观格局因子和道路及地形等两个社会经济和自然影响因子,构建了广义转移概率模型,并开展了相关的动态模拟研究。表明,与传统模拟方法相比,该模型具有比较理想的精度水平,模拟结果能够很好地反映南昌地区今后城市建设用地发展趋势,提出的模型手段改进设计获得了令人满意的效果,是对现行城市景观动态模拟研究工作的一个重要的方法论补充和完善。 相似文献
13.
本文分析辉南县农业资源条件和农业生产系统存在的问题,利用系统动力学的理论方法,建立该县农业生产系统长期发展的动态仿真模型,提出了辉南县农业发展的合理方案. 相似文献
14.
By large-scale dynamic tests carried out on a traditional sand-gravel embankment at the Beilu River section along the Qinghai-Tibet Railroad, we collected the acceleration waveforms close to the railway tracks when trains passed. The dynamic train loading was converted into an equivalent creep stress, using an equivalent static force method. Also, the creep equation of frozen soil was introduced according to the results of frozen soil rheological triaxial tests. A coupled creep model based on a time-hardening power function rule and the Druker-Prager yield and failure criterion was established to analyze the creep effects of a plain fill embankment under repeated train loads. The temperature field of the embankment in the permafrost area was set at the current geothermal conditions. As a result, the permanent deformation of the embankment under train loading was obtained, and the permanent deformation under the train loads to the total embankment deformation was also analyzed. 相似文献
15.
特大城市群地区“城市病”问题是目前国内外相关研究的热点问题。全面认识城镇化与生态环境之间复杂的互动关系,才能对特大城市群地区“城市病”进行机理性剖析,并建立“城市病”病情诊断与风险预估的方法和技术体系。本文围绕“‘城市病’病因分析—‘城市病’病情诊断—‘城市病’风险预估”的研究主线,基于多维视角评述了“城市病”诊断分析及风险预估的研究进展,并提出了目前国内外研究中存在的主要问题,包括“城市病”的形成机理尚不清晰、对“城市病”的诊断多停留在表面、“城市病”风险预估研究不平衡、研究尺度单一。最后对研究趋势进行了展望：研究方向上,城镇化与生态环境的交互作用研究将持续深入,微观过程与城市整体机能及表象内在联系的综合研究将得到强化,生态系统服务研究将在“城市病”诊断分析及风险预估发挥更大作用;研究方法上,数据获取与模型构建技术的发展将有助于推动城市问题的综合研究。 相似文献
16.
城市交通与土地利用一体化模型的理论基础与发展趋势 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
城市交通与土地利用间的协调发展是科学调控城市发展的重要环节。在基于地租理论的微观区位决策与土地利用与交通系统宏观动态交互理论基础上,回顾了城市交通与土地利用一体化模型的发展过程及不同依据下的分类特征,对空间相互作用和重力模型理论模型、空间经济学理论模型、随机效用和离散选择模型和基于行为的微观模型4类一体化模型的优劣进行了系统梳理分析。分析表明,具有合理理论基础、科学数据处理方法、较高模型精度和政策评估适用性的一体化模型仍存在巨大发展空间。近年来西方学者研究趋向微观化、综合化和简约化,而国内一体化模型发展相对滞后,要求模型理论与综合实证开发的进一步突破。特别是在新数据、新交通技术、国土空间规划体系背景下,城市交通与土地利用一体化模型将从“空间”模型向“时空间”模型转变;从“宏观”集计模型向“微观”行为模型转变;从“交通-土地”模型向“综合系统”模型转变;从“样本数据”模型向“大数据”模型转变;从“交通规划”应用向“国土空间规划”应用转变。旨在对城市交通与土地利用一体化模型的一般结构、原理类型、当前面临的问题和挑战进行深入剖析,以推进一体化模型在中国的研究与开发。 相似文献
17.
流域土地可持续利用规划方法及应用研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
土地利用既受自然环境条件的种种制约,又对生态环境,尤其是水资源和水环境,产生深刻影响。因此,进行系统规划优化土地利用结构、协调土地利用和其他经济活动及生态环境保护的关系是非常必要的。基于土地利用系统是一个本征性灰色系统,本文以灰色多目标规划(GMOP)方法为核心,提出了一套流域土地利用灰色多目标规划模型。该方法既可有效地处理信息的不完备性和系统的动态性,又可全面地表达土地利用的多目标性。在对密云土地利用规划研究中,通过应用交互式调整和情景分析方法,得到该模型在两种情景下的优化方案,并结合密云实际情况综合分析,进行了方案筛选。 相似文献
18.
Ferricretes can be formed along some valley-side slopes in the southeastern United States coastal plain as a consequence of erosional exposure of zones of iron precipitation in areas of groundwater discharge. This mode of ferricrete formation was demonstrated due to the recession of estuarine shoreline bluffs after hurricanes in 1996. Iron-precipitation zones exposed by bluff retreat at Flanner Beach, North Carolina in 1996 had formed indurated ferricretes by 1998. This confirms the valley-side groundwater discharge model of ferricrete formation, and shows that, once the zone of iron precipitation is exposed, ferricrete can form in less than two years. The newly formed ferricretes also allow the identification of five distinct stages in their formation: (1) iron precipitation in the zone of water table fluctuation; (2) the formation of brittle iron-cemented layers; (3) exposure by erosion or mass wasting and the first stage of hardening; (4) further hardening into indurated ferricrete; and (5) formation of limonite ferricretes, and impregnation with manganese oxides. The results from Flanner Beach show that the process may proceed from stages two and three to four and five in less than two years, suggesting that only short periods of stability following erosion or mass wasting episodes are necessary to allow ferricrete formation. 相似文献
19.
How does alluvial sedimentation at range fronts modify the erosional dynamics of mountain catchments? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
At the geological time scale, the way in which the erosion of drainage catchments responds to tectonic uplift and climate changes depends on boundary conditions. In particular, sediment accumulation and erosion occurring at the edge of mountain ranges should influence the base level of mountain catchments, as well as sediment and water discharges. In this paper, we use a landform evolution model (LEM) to investigate how the presence of alluvial sedimentation at range fronts affects catchment responses to climatic or tectonic changes. This approach is applied to a 25 km × 50 km domain, in which the central part is uplifted progressively to simulate the growth of a small mountain range. The LEM includes different slope and river processes that can compete with each other. This competition leads to ‘transport‐limited’, ‘detachment‐limited’ or ‘mixed’ transport conditions in mountains at dynamic equilibrium. In addition, two end‐member algorithms (the channellized‐flow and the sheet‐flow regimes) have been included for the alluvial fan‐flow regime. The three transport conditions and the two flow algorithms represent six different models for which the responses to increase of rock uplift rate and/or cyclic variation of the precipitation rate are investigated. Our results indicate that addition of an alluvial apron increases the long‐term mountain denudation. In response to uplift, mountain rivers adapt their profile in two successive stages; first by propagation of an erosion wave and then by slowly increasing their channel gradients. During the second stage, the erosion rate is almost uniform across the catchment area at any one time, which suggests that dynamic equilibrium has been reached, although the balance between erosion and rock uplift rates has not yet been achieved. This second stage is initiated by the uplift of the mountain river outlets because of sedimentation aggradation at the mountain front. The response time depends on the type of water flow imposed on the alluvial fans domains (× by 1.5 for channelized flow regime and by 10 for the sheet flow one). Cyclic variations of precipitation rate generate cyclic incisions in the alluvial apron. These incision pulses create knick‐points in the river profile in the case of ‘detachment‐limited’ and ‘mixed’ river conditions, which could be mistaken for tectonically induced knick‐points. ‘Transport‐limited’ conditions do not create such knick‐points, but nevertheless trigger erosion in catchments. The feedbacks linked to sedimentation and erosion at range front can therefore control catchment incision or aggradation. In addition, random river captures in the range front trigger auto‐cyclic erosion pulses in the catchment, capable of generating incision–aggradation cycles. 相似文献
20.
中国国家自然地图集电子版的设计和研制 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文阐述中国国家自然地图集电子版的设计与研制过程中的若干理论、方法、技术问题及实例。文章首先分析了研制中国国家自然地图集电子版的背景和科研、政府部门、大众等用户对它的需求,以及中国科学院知识创新工程对它的项目和经费支持。其次,文章阐述了该电子版的设计原则和若干理论、方法问题,包括在内容上的再创作,在技术上的创新,在功能上的突破,以及在屏幕界面感知效果上的要求和原则。再次,本文介绍了本电子版的体系结构和关键技术。其中体系结构和技术系统包括数据、软件、辅助资料、模型与方法,以及它的四方面的功能,即图集阅览功能、表达—模拟功能、查询—检索功能、量测分析功能。关键技术则涉及到开发平台的选择、三维和动态数据模型的建立、多源多类数据的集成３个方面。第四,文章分析了中国国家自然地图集电子版的主要特色,包括独特的交互界面结构、别致的动态交互工具、各种形式的动态地图、丰富的三维地图浏览、生动形象的三维地形虚拟飞行、新颖的多种表达方法的联合、适当的分析和查询功能。最后,文章阐明了该电子版的未来发展方向和版本更新计划。 相似文献