共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
1.
John Connell 《New Zealand geographer》2018,74(2):92-100
In this century, sport has steadily become a more visible and marketable part of everyday life and of global political significance. States have consequently used sport as a means of soft power in order to develop a positive international presence and, usually to a lesser extent, affirm national identity. Sport diplomacy is usually associated with mega‐events and large states, but Fiji has used its prowess in rugby, and its Sevens victory in the 2016 Olympic Games, to promote itself globally, strengthen its national image and support government claims to legitimacy. The government emphasised Fijian values to construct a banal nationalism, in the face of ethnic divisions, and external concerns over repression of civil society. At least ephemerally, Fiji acquired new international recognition, and the government gained national legitimacy, indicating the expanding role of sport in geopolitics. 相似文献
2.
Michael Sofer 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2009,30(3):343-357
This paper reviews changes in the development and peripheralized status of the Fijian island of Kadavu from a 20‐year perspective. A combination of microgeographic studies in three villages and a mesogeographical analysis show that the conditions of internal dependency found in Kadavu in the early 1980s had not changed much: the pattern of cash crop production and trade remained almost entirely dependent on the yaqona (Pacific kava) beverage crop; shipping services provided by core agents had not improved; the island had experienced significant outmigration; and government initiatives to change the trend were limited. These elements perpetuate a core–periphery structure in Fiji that hampers the development of a self‐sufficient periphery. For Kadavu villagers, however, the benefits derived from the continued form of non‐capitalist production afford them a certain degree of autonomy vis‐à‐vis the market economy, which might be to their advantage under the ongoing conditions of peripheralization. 相似文献
3.
重庆市武隆县农地流转下农业劳动力对耕地撂荒的不同尺度影响 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
在农地流转市场日趋完善的背景下,农户间的耕地流转无疑会缓解因部分农户劳动力不足造成的耕地撂荒现象,但仅从农户尺度上分析难以揭示农业劳动力数量与耕地撂荒间的关系。运用重庆市武隆县17 个乡镇40个自然村的308 份农户调查数据,通过二分类Logistic 回归模型、简单相关和偏相关分析,从农户和村庄两个层次上探讨农业劳动力对耕地撂荒的影响程度及农地流转对两者关系的影响。结果显示：① 农户尺度上亩均农业劳动力对耕地是否撂荒的影响不显著,而在村庄尺度上显著。② 亩均务农劳动力与耕地撂荒规模的偏相关回归分析中,控制耕地流转和不控制流转条件下,农户尺度上两者的偏相关系数和简单相关系数分别为-0.138 和-0.027,前者在1%水平上显著,而后者不显著;村庄尺度上,控制流转和不控制流转的相关系数分别为-0.273 和-0.294,均在5%水平上显著。③ 在农地流转市场较为完善的地区,选择在村庄尺度上进行农业劳动力对耕地撂荒影响分析研究是比较合理的。 相似文献
4.
Summary. The Gubbio section, in the Umbrian Apennines, yielded a sequence of Upper Cretaceous polarity zones precisely corresponding to the sea-floor magnetic anomalies of that age; the Gubbio polarity zones have been dated with planktonic foraminifera. As a test of the validity of the Gubbio reversal sequence, we have studied the section at Moria, 16 km to the north. The polarity sequence at Moria closely agrees with the sequence at Gubbio; only the two thinnest polarity subzones were not found. Comparison of polarity zone thicknesses in the two sections gives an excellent correlation. Declinations in the upper part of the Moria section are somewhat erratic, suggesting the possibility of detachment surfaces and relative structural rotations at these levels. Remanent magnetic intensity varies in a cyclical pattern that is unmistakably the same in the Gubbio and Moria sections. The results from the Moria section provide strong confirmation of the validity of the magnetic polarity sequence established at Gubbio. 相似文献
5.
Jane Turnbull 《The Geographical journal》2004,170(1):64-77
Development assistance agencies have long urged developing countries to adopt environmental management techniques used in industrialized countries. They have ascribed shortcomings in the way developing states use those techniques to insufficient training, environmental matters being poorly integrated into economic decision making, other institutional weaknesses and lack of capacity. These reductionist explanations ignore the influence that socio-political and economic factors may have on state environmental management. They afford only a limited understanding of environmental practice in the Fiji Islands, a South Pacific archipelago and republic. The attempts of Fijian chiefly élite to maintain their power base – achieved through political participation in the state and economic development activities as much as through maintaining the communal system – shape the state's environmental management practices. Those practices have far less rational and democratic bases than one would expect either from the underlying logic of the techniques used (such as environmental impact assessment, environmental planning and protected areas), or from the way those techniques are applied in western, industrialized countries. 相似文献
6.
The paleochannel of the Wenhekou–Liudaokou reach of the Yihe River was investigated using electrical soundings along the Zhuyong and Chuanliujie cross sections and drilling at the Chuanliujie cross section. Drilling data from the Liuhang Rubber dam and the Jiefang, Taoran, Yihe, and Luocheng road bridges were also used. Seven stratigraphic cross sections of the Yihe River paleochannel were confirmed based on electrical sounding and drilling, and samples were collected for 14C and optically stimulated luminescence dating near Zhuyang village, Chuanliujie village, Liuhang Rubber dam, south bank of the Benghe River bridge, and the riverbed near the Yihe Road bridge. The dating results suggest that the channels below 76.0, 70.0, 69.5, 55.1, 52.4, 56.5, and 56.4 m near Zhuyang village, Chuanliujie village, Liuhang Rubber dam, Jiefang Road bridge, Taoran Road bridge, Yihe Road bridge, and Luocheng Road bridge are paleochannels of the Yihe River during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Lithology of the riverbed is complex and characterized by fracture zones. This reach of the river was braided with high width–depth ratios and the deep, incised valley at the Jiefang and Taoran road bridges was formed by a regional deep cut during the LGM. 相似文献
7.
JOHN CONNELL 《New Zealand geographer》1999,55(2):36-49
New Zealand population geographers in the South Pacific islands early focused on resource issues, especially in Fiji and the smaller island states politically linked to New Zealand. This later extended into analysis of the structure of village level economic and social development, notably in Kiribati, Solomon Islands and Fiji. These analyses contributed to a clearer understanding of the substance of development at a key turning point in the region's history - the transition to independence. Migration, or mobility, and urbanisation attracted enormous interest throughout the region, with lengthy debates ranging over migration models, urban permanence, the ideology of return and metaphors of mobility, establishing the most distinctive thrust of New Zealand research in the region. Practical research, involving censuses and consultancies, has directly contributed to development. Despite the valuable historical legacy the extent and significance of New Zealand work on the population geography of the Island Pacific has now dwindled. 相似文献
8.
欠发达区地理环境对专业村发展的影响研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
基于经济学和地理学中的“理性小农”、“劳动分工与专业化”和“距离衰减与邻里效应”理论,并考虑资源环境条件,建立了解释专业村形成机理和形成类型的理论框架。用数理方法推理了村产业结构的发展变化和专业村的形成。在理论分析的基础上,运用2010 年河南省的专业村数据,选择地形、区位、土地和劳动力等环境变量和16 类专业村的虚拟变量,使用最小二乘法进行回归,结果表明村环境资源条件对专业化率有显著影响:① 村劳动力资源越多,专业化率越低;② 村土地越多越利于专业化生产;③ 村离县级市距离越近,越有利于形成农产品加工专业村;④ 具有批发市场可以提高所有专业村的专业化率,对养殖业和加工业专业村更是如此;⑤如果其他环境相同,丘陵地区的专业化率比其他地区低;这主要与丘陵地区交通条件不畅、人均耕地较少等有关。采用定性模型分析表明:环境影响在不同类别的专业村有所不同。土地丰裕程度对茶叶、林业和水果种植等类专业村形成有正面影响,劳动力资源对花卉等专业村的形成产生影响;地域通达性对水果、蔬菜和花卉等时鲜产品专业村的形成产生正面影响。该研究结果的实践引申,在不同环境条件的地区,可以制定相应的适宜专业化发展的引导政策。 相似文献
9.
Soimart Rungmanee 《The Australian geographer》2014,45(3):341-354
ABSTRACTRural livelihoods in the northeastern Thai borderlands have moved away from being predominantly agrarian, yet farming remains a desirable alternative for many people. The empirical findings from fieldwork in a village in the northeastern Thai–Lao borderlands indicate how dependence on agriculture is determined by family contexts, such as land ownership, education level of household members, their gender and age. Cheap Lao labour and government price-support policies have enabled farmers to remain in production and diversify. Some educated rural people have successfully found employment opportunities outside the village as migratory wage labour, and are able to attain higher social status back in the village. Successful migrants have invested their earnings on cash-crop production and become rural entrepreneurs. Conversely, less educated migrants were unsuccessful in finding good jobs in the city and viewed agriculture as a more favourable alternative and valuable security. Geographical, cultural and economic specificities conditioned rural transformation and contributed to increasingly diverse and geographically extended livelihoods. 相似文献
10.
古村落场理论及景观安全格局探讨 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
古村落是个特殊的场源,蕴含着丰富的历史、文化和自然要素,有其特有的景观解释和认识图式。以场论为基础,提出古村落场理论,基于该理论建立了古村落景观安全格局判别模式。从古村落角度看,古村落之外的其他现代建筑景观均被视为干扰场源。场可以用物理量“势”来计算,古村落场的势由聚落场的势和基质场的势构成。将场源周围势相等的点连接起来形成等势面,不同场源的等势面在空间相遇形成切点,通过该点的面称为阻隔面。在基质场中存在若干敏感点,敏感点与阻隔面通过聚落场与基质场的叠加,形成一定的空间关系,成为景观安全格局判别的关键要素。 相似文献
11.
在城乡统筹发展战略的指引下,探讨武汉市城市边缘区实现生态框架构建、区域经济发展诉求、城市整体空间优化与农用地资源保护协调共赢的土地利用机制。分析武汉市城市边缘区的土地利用特点、产业发展规划及其导向作用对村镇建设模式与土地利用政策的要求,将该区涉及的12个区、37个乡(镇、街、场)分为生态控制型乡镇、引导发展型乡镇和城镇发展型乡镇3类。以区域产业布局为支撑,构建"镇区+社区+园区"的区域村镇发展体系;将区域内650个原有村庄分为搬迁型、控制性和发展型进行社区化建设,以期为促进城市边缘区村镇发展提供模式借鉴;并从城乡建设用地增减挂钩、集体建设用地流转、农用地制度改革及区域土地综合整治等方面,探索相关土地利用政策的应对机制。 相似文献
12.
新疆塔里木河下游胡杨不同叶形水势变化研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
以塔里木河下游生态输水后胡杨披针形叶和宽卵形叶作为实验材料,对这两种异形叶水势的日、月变化规律进行了比较研究。结果表明,两种异形叶水势的日变化趋势基本一致,大体上略呈单峰形,在午后14：00—18：00期间出现全天最低值;胡杨两种异形叶水势的月变化趋势也大体相同,表现为从5—8月阿拉干断面胡杨两种异形叶水势均呈先降低后增高的趋势;亚合浦马汗断面B1和B2井位处胡杨叶水势呈逐渐增高趋势,B3井位处胡杨披针形叶水势先降低后增高,7月最低。运用国际通用软件SPSS10.0对气温、地下水埋深与胡杨两种异形叶水势之间的关系进行了相关性分析,发现它们之间存在显著的相关关系。该研究对了解不同环境因子对胡杨两种异形叶水势的影响效应以及生态输水对塔里木河下游不同断面局部小气候的调节和改善作用有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
13.
14.
旅游流齐夫结构及空间差异化特征——以四川省为例 总被引：33，自引：2，他引：31
借用Zipf指标和差异度指标,采取由“假设”到“论证”的研究方法证明旅游流规模结构符合Zipf法则。以1996年至2004年四川省国内旅游统计数据为样本,研究了旅游流的规模等级结构特征。结果表明,国内旅游流规模结构符合Zipf定律,具有分段特征,用回归拟合可进一步分析各标度区的内部结构特点。标度区可分为有效标度区和无效标度区两种类型。从四川省旅游业的发展情况看,旅游流规模结构中无效标度区的空间分布面积逐渐减少,而有效标度区面积正在逐步扩大。Zipf参数可以用来进行标度区分段,分析有效标度区的内部结构和旅游流总体结构体系的变化规律;对不满足Zipf法则的分段区域,则用均衡度和差异度分析其内部结构的差异化程度。用Zipf参数分析有效标度区,用均衡度和差异度指标分析无效标度区旅游流规模结构所得结果既与客观实际相符合,同时又能更清晰地反映该结构的标度分段特征、各标度区内部的差异化程度以及历年所发生的结构分布变化规律,这对丰富旅游流的分析方法具有重要价值。 相似文献
15.
泾河流域上游景观尺度植被类型对水文过程的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选择具有土石山区的泾河流域上游为研究对象,应用生态水文模型SWIM对上游景观尺度下各植被类型水文效应进行了模拟,并针对上游土石山区和黄土区分海拔段进行了植被分布的水文格局影响分析。结果表明：泾河流域上游的森林、农田、草地各植被类型的蒸散及组分、径流深和土壤深层渗漏各水文过程具有显著差异,不同区域（土石山区和黄土区）的同一植被类型的各水文过程明显不同;同时,植被景观格局存在区域和海拔差异,这使得不同区域和海拔段的各水文过程有所不同。如在土石山区,以森林为主的海拔段2 250-2 922 m降水量和蒸散量均最大（分别为641 mm和484 mm）,以农田、草地和森林均有分布的海拔段1 750-2 250 m降水量较大（590 mm）,但蒸散量最低（仅为434 mm）;而在较为干旱的黄土区（降水量为514 mm）以农田和草地为主两个海拔段（1 026-1 350 m和1 350-1 750 m）的蒸散量较高（分别为458 mm和440 mm）。另外,从各水文过程要素与降水的比值看,两个区域之间差异比较明显,但同一区域不同海拔段间差异不明显。 相似文献
16.
位于青藏高原东北缘的共和盆地处于亚洲冬、夏季风和西风环流作用交替控制的干旱—半干旱区,盆地中分布着大面积的沙漠,是重建过去气候的重要载体。就前人对共和盆地25个风成剖面的102个光释光(OSL)年代结果进行分析,总结出晚更新世以来共和盆地的风沙活动在各个时期都有发生,黄土堆积主要是更新世末期到早全新世,古土壤主要是晚全新世发育的,但其测年工作缺乏高密度光释光测年检验。通过对共和盆地西南部的羊曲剖面进行系统的高密度光释光年代学研究发现,羊曲剖面主要是末次冰消期沉积的,9.6～7.1 ka风沙活动迅速减弱,7.1～2 ka存在明显的沉积间断,说明基于单个剖面进行环境演变重建需谨慎。结合盆地内已发表OSL年代结果,末次冰消期以来,风沙活动在共和盆地一直存在,其最强烈时期是14～10 ka左右,黄土主要是末次冰消期14～10 ka沉积的,古土壤发育主要集中在3～2 ka和6～4 ka,此外在9～8 ka也有发育。 相似文献
17.
以2014年、2017年、2020年对应的140、560、1216个美丽乡村为研究对象,运用GIS空间分析方法研究美丽乡村空间格局演变特征,采用地理探测器和多尺度地理加权回归探究美丽乡村空间格局的影响因素及其在空间上的分异。研究表明：① 美丽乡村空间分布的集聚性增强,主要集聚区呈现“带状-网状-面状”分布的演变趋势,热点区由沿海地带向内扩散。② 美丽乡村的空间分异是多因素共同作用的结果,但各影响因素对美丽乡村空间分异的解释度呈显著差异,其中非物质文化遗产、5A级景区、人口密度对美丽乡村空间分布的解释力最大。③ 主要影响因素对美丽乡村空间分布的影响作用存在空间差异,且局部不平衡性显著,正相关和负相关分析单元具有呈块状与带状的聚集特征。 相似文献
18.
Warwick E. Murray 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2000,21(3):355-373
The economically vulnerable and geographically isolated states and territories of the Pacific Islands find themselves increasingly powerless to resist the recent accelerated diffusion of globalisation and the economic options that this entails. Neoliberal policy has arrived in the ocean region later than elsewhere in the tropical world and in the developing world in general. However, it now almost exclusively frames regional and state policy agendas, and is profoundly restructuring economies and societies across the region. Agriculture, by far the leading economic sector in Pacific Island countries, has been targeted specifically for reform. The cultivation of non-traditional agricultural exports has formed the centrepiece of the evolving strategy. As well as "staple" exports such as sugar, copra, and taro going to non-traditional markets, "exotic" niche products are being developed for export to high income markets in Europe, Asia and North America. A major example of such a product is kava – a "traditional" crop used in the preparation of a ceremonial and/or social drink. Psycho- and physiological properties have been identified in the plant by the pharmaceutical industry that is marketing a range of kava products. Produced widely across the Pacific, Fiji is the major export source. This paper traces the evolution of globalisation in the Pacific Islands, placing the current wave of neoliberalism in its historical context. It goes on to outline the evolution of the Fijian kava export sector, and investigates some of the local socio-economic impacts of recent market growth. Given the evidence presented in this study, the paper asks if the power relations evolving under contemporary neoliberal globalisation are likely to be any different from those that existed during colonial globalisation. 相似文献
19.
新疆塔里木河干流堤防修建对地下水位的影响 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
通过2001—2003年对塔里木河干流3个断面18眼地下水监测井数据分析表明，沙子河口断而地下水埋深无明显变化；乌斯满河口断面地下水埋深表现为加深-变浅-加深的过程；阿其河口断面地下水埋深略呈减小趋势。地下水埋深的空间变化特征为：沙子河口断面水分条件最差；乌斯满河口断面的地下水埋深均小于3m，水分条件最好。洪、枯水期地下水埋深变化特征为：沙子河口断面地下水埋深变化很小；乌斯满河口断而和阿其河口断面，由于受提闸放水的影响，2003年地下水埋深普遍小于2002年。塔里木河中游输水堤防的修建对遏制河水在洪水期任意漫流，增加下游来水量起到了积极作用。 相似文献
20.
以武汉市蔡甸区为例，结合多源、多时段的村级农地流转数据，采用探索性空间分析和多元线性回归分析方法，揭示大城市近郊农地流转的时空特征及影响因素。研究发现：① 流转规模呈跨越式增长，经历快速增长和短期减速增长两个阶段，流转速度受土地政策影响较大；农地流转的空间分布由随机转向集聚，高高集聚区由主干道沿线转移至以农业为主的平原街镇，低低集聚区由不显著到集中于城镇化水平较高的街镇；② 控制自然、区位、社会经济等因素后，发现流转主体、流转用途对农地流转具有显著影响。建议清楚把握农地流转时空演化特征，合理选择流转主体和流转用途，以优化大城市近郊的人地关系，促进城乡统筹和乡村振兴。 相似文献