共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
水体蒸发过程中稳定同位素分馏的模拟 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
通过对非平衡条件下水体蒸发中稳定同位素分馏机制的分析, 模拟了蒸发水体中稳定同位素比率的变化及与温度、大气湿度的关系. 在瑞利模式中, 剩余水中的稳定同位素随剩余水比例f的减小不断富集, 富集的速率与温度呈反比. 在动力蒸发条件下, 稳定同位素的分馏不仅与相变温度有关, 而且受大气湿度和液-气相之间物质交换的影响. 在动力蒸发过程中, 相对湿度越小, 剩余水中稳定同位素比率随 f的变化越快. 当相对湿度较大时, 在经历了一段时间蒸发后的剩余水中的δ将不随 f变化. 蒸发水体达到稳定状态的速率主要取决于大气的相对湿度. 当温度约20℃时, 在瑞利平衡条件下模拟的蒸发线与全球大气水线较接近. 在非平衡蒸发条件下, 蒸发线的梯度项和常数项与温度和相对湿度呈正比. 相似文献
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青藏高原中部水蒸发过程中的氧稳定同位素变化 总被引：18，自引：4，他引：14
作为青藏高原稳定同位素水文循环的一个重部分,１９９８年夏首次在青藏高原中部的那曲和安多两地同时进行了水蒸发过程中氧稳定同位素变化观测研究,模拟和实验结果都显示出大气相对湿度对水蒸发过程中氧稳定同位素变化的显著影响,模拟结果不显示剩余水中δ＾１８Ｏ与剩余水比率呈指数关系,但实验分析结果表明,蒸发过程中剩余水中δ＾１８Ｏ与剩余水比率更接近于线性关系,这种关系可以定量地表示出来,从理论上与实验中都可以计 相似文献
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利用自然界中广泛分布的环境同位素进行湖泊水体演化过程分析已经成为现代湖泊科学的重要研究方向.通过采集内蒙古达里诺尔湖(简称"达里湖") 2013年1月份的湖冰、湖水, 2012年夏季湖水与湖区大气降水等, 共分析了77个样品中稳定氢(H)、氧(O)同位素值的变化情况, 在此基础上对达里湖水体稳定H、O同位素组成变化及其对结冰过程的响应进行了详细分析, 结果显示: (1)伴随结冰过程的完成, 各站点深层冰体(厚度~65 cm)中δD、δ18O值比表层冰体(厚度~15 cm)中的值出现不同幅度的偏重.而冰下水体中δD、δ18O平均值则比冰体中的平均值分别偏轻约13.85‰、2.23‰.在冰层形成的快速与稳定阶段, δD、δ18O值的变化幅度也存在差异.同时, 冬季外源水体的输入对各站点间同位素值差异的影响比夏季更明显; (2)夏季湖水、冬季湖水与湖冰的同位素值均落在全球大气降水线与湖区大气降水线之外, 显示湖泊冰封之前, 蒸发对湖泊水体同位素偏移存在一定程度的影响; 而冬季湖水与湖冰的同位素值基本位于同一斜率区间, 且全部落在夏季湖水同位素值的右侧, 显示两者之间并不存在明显的蒸发分馏作用, 造成上述现象的因素只能归结于结冰过程. 相似文献
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利用稳定同位素大气水平衡模式（iAWBM）的模拟数据,分析了在不同的下垫面蒸发和不同的凝结分馏条件下降水中δ18O的时间变化、降水量效应、负温度效应和大气水线。并通过与长沙站5年实测数据的比较以及模拟试验结果之间的相互比较,揭示下垫面蒸发水汽中稳定同位素的季节性变化和云中稳定同位素分馏对降水中稳定同位素变化的可能影响,增进对季风区水稳定同位素效应的理解和认识。iAWBM给出的4个模拟试验均很好地再现了监测站降水中δ18O的时间变化,模拟出季风区降水中稳定同位素在暖半年被贫化、在冷半年被富集的基本特点。与平衡分馏相比,动力分馏下降水中稳定同位素被贫化的程度加强、季节差和离散程度减小;由下垫面蒸发水汽中稳定同位素δe季节性变化所引起的降水中稳定同位素的变化在不同季节完全相反：在长沙,暖半年降水中δ18O更低,冷半年降水中δ18O更高,使得降水中稳定同位素季节差和离散程度增大。4个模拟试验均很好地再现了季风区的降水量效应和负温度效应。与平衡分馏相比,动力分馏下模拟的降水量效应和负温度效应的斜率相对较小;δe季节性变化导致模拟的降水量效应和负温度效应的斜率增大。利用iAWBM,模拟出季风区湿热气候条件下的MWL。动力分馏以及δe季节变化均使模拟得到的MWL的斜率和截距减小。 相似文献
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羊卓雍湖流域湖水稳定同位素循环过程研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
基于卓雍错流域2004年降水、河水、湖水中δ18O的监测结果,结合内陆湖水循环稳定同位素蒸发分馏模型,探讨了青藏高原南部羊卓雍湖水中稳定同位素的变化过程.研究表明:羊卓雍现代湖水中-5.9‰的δ18O平均值,相对应于当地相对湿度介于54%~58%的气候条件下,这是湖水蒸发分馏作用的最后结果.此外,入湖河水中δ18O变化也对湖水中平衡δ18O有一定的影响,而湖水温度的直接影响可以乎略.湖水中δ18O对入湖水δ18O的波动的调节能力很强,对于入湖水中δ18O大的波动,只有不到50 a的时间,湖水中稳定同位素会重新达到平衡. 相似文献
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博斯腾湖全新世岩芯沉积物碳酸盐氧同位素气候意义 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
西风影响区全新世气候变化逐渐受到重视.但目前该区高精度定年和气候意义明确的代用指标仍然缺乏.利用西风影响区新疆博斯腾湖BST04H钻孔岩芯沉积物全新世自生碳酸盐(细颗粒沉淀碳酸盐和介形虫壳体)氧同位素,结合该区降水同位素分布特征和流域水文状况,分析该区湖泊沉积物碳酸盐氧同位素的气候意义,并与湖泊不同位置钻孔碳酸盐氧同位素指标进行对比.结果表明,博斯腾湖深水区沉积物自生碳酸盐氧同位素主要反映了区域的降水(人流)/蒸发比,并保留了入流水体同位素组成的变化信息.全新世自8100cal.aB.P.以来,氧同位素呈现出在波动中逐渐偏正的长期变化趋势,中全新世以后波动幅度加大,其间氧同位素值偏负的波动并不完全指示有效湿度增加,而是入湖水体同位素变化,并与湖泊的水文状况有关.这种波动在湖泊西部距离入湖河口位置较近的钻孔中表现得更为明显.不同位置钻孔同位素变化有很好的对应性,但不同位置相同时段内的波动幅度不一样.实际研究中应充分对比分析,深入理解指标的意义,防止仅依靠某一个位置的指标将这种局地波动信息解释成代表大范围区域的气候或环境信息. 相似文献
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青藏高原近25年来主要湖泊变迁的特征 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
青藏高原分布有青海湖、纳木错、色林错3个特大型湖泊和扎日南木错、当惹雍错、阿牙克库木湖、班公错、哈拉湖、鄂陵湖、羊卓雍错、扎陵湖、赤布张错、乌兰乌拉湖、昂拉仁错11个大型湖泊。通过对20世纪70年代中期的MSS图像和90年代末期—21世纪初期的ETM 图像的解译,对近25年来青藏高原重点湖泊的变迁进行了分析。研究结果表明,哈拉湖、鄂陵湖面积相对稳定;青海湖、扎日南木错、当惹雍错、阿牙克库木湖、扎陵湖、乌兰乌拉湖等8个湖泊的面积都有不同程度的缩小,其中青海湖、乌兰乌拉湖面积减少最多,分别为60.60km2、59.80km2;纳木错、色林错、班公错3个湖泊的面积都有不同程度的增加,其中色林错面积增加最多,达140.52km2。重点湖泊的变迁分析为研究青藏高原的湖泊演化和气候、环境变迁提供了新资料。 相似文献
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Estimating the contribution of glacial meltwater to Ranwu Lake,a proglacial lake in SE Tibet,using observation data and stable isotopic analyses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jianting Ju Liping Zhu Junbo Wang Yingying Cui Lei Huang Ruimin Yang Qingfeng Ma Lun Luo Yongjie Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(5):229
It is important for both current monitoring and paleoenvironmental research conducted on proglacial lakes and their adjacent glaciers to clarify the hydrological processes operating on these lakes. However, in remote regions with limited accessibility it may be difficult to study hydrological processes by direct monitoring. In this study, we use measurements of stable isotopic compositions to trace the multiple water sources contributing to Ranwu Lake, a proglacial lake in south-eastern Tibet. Using stable isotopic data from precipitation, inflowing rivers and the lake water, a water and isotope mass balance modelling method was used to calculate the ratio of evaporation to input. Subsequently, using hydrological and climatic data for the outflow, the largest inflow and precipitation, other hydrological elements of the lake water balance were also calculated. The results demonstrate that the ratio of evaporation to inflow is as low as 0.009, the lowest value observed for the Tibetan Plateau, indicating that Ranwu Lake is a through-flow lake with a very short retention time. Glacial meltwater accounts for at least 55% of total runoff, the highest value observed for the Tibetan Plateau, indicating that the sediments of Ranwu Lake may have considerable potential for reconstructing variations in the activity of the local glaciers. Finally, we note that it may be inappropriate in this glacier-fed lake to use the intersection of the local meteoric water line with the lake water line for determining the isotopic composition of the input water, and this possibility must be carefully considered when stable isotope mass modelling is used in proglacial lakes. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯高原分布有大量湖泊,湖泊蒸发作为地表水的主要排泄方式,是准确评价水资源的关键均衡项之一。研究湖泊蒸发对于认识区域水循环、水资源评价和湖泊生态环境保护等方面有着重要的现实意义和科学价值。然而该地区对于湖泊蒸发的实测资料有限,大多通过折算法和公式法计算。本次研究在鄂尔多斯高原典型湖泊——木凯淖开展原位试验,通过安置在湖泊中心的蒸发器实测水面蒸发,分析蒸发与气象因素之间的相关性,并将原位湖水蒸发和湖边陆面蒸发皿蒸发以及Penman公式理论值进行对比。研究表明,湖水蒸发受湿度和气温两种因素影响较大;湖泊水面蒸发与湖边陆面小蒸发皿的折算系数约为0.85,较前人研究偏大;湖水蒸发受湖水盐度影响很小,可以忽略;与Penman公式计算结果相比,相关性分析结果较高,在缺乏实测资料时,可通过Penman公式估算湖水蒸发。 相似文献
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气象要素与蒸发密切相关,通过室内外不同气象条件下的器皿水蒸发实验,获得了水面蒸发氢氧稳定同位素分馏因子与气象要素的关系。实验结果表明,随着蒸发的进行,剩余水体中逐渐富集重同位素;自由水体蒸发同位素分馏在垂线上有分层现象,表层水体同位素值比垂线平均的同位素值略富集;不同温度条件下的室内蒸发实验中,温度越高,液-气间分馏系数越小,相应于同一剩余水体体积比,剩余水体稳定同位素值则越低。室外器皿水自由蒸发实验中得出的蒸发线方程斜率较大地偏离了当地降水线,表明实验期间水体蒸发分馏作用较明显。该研究为进一步揭示水体蒸发分馏规律提供了可靠的实验依据。 相似文献
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全面认识热喀斯特湖水文过程的季节变化特征是准确评估其生态环境效应的关键。以青藏高原典型热喀斯特湖为例, 基于2018—2020年水文气象要素的野外观测及计算, 分析热喀斯特湖的水文特征及产生的环境效应。研究结果表明: ①春季降水补给热喀斯特湖, 迅速升高湖塘水位, 其中湖塘的储水量与湖塘水位之间存在较好的幂函数关系; ②湖面年均蒸发量和湖冰年均升华量分别可达738 mm和198 mm, 受温度升高的影响, 未来有增多的可能; ③热喀斯特湖水中离子质量浓度在暖季初期和后期较高, 冷季湖冰形成过程中自净作用和地球化学过程的影响使各离子表现出不同的迁移机制。受局地因素的影响, 热喀斯特湖的水文要素呈明显的季节变化特征, 水文循环过程会引起多年冻土退化、湖岸坍塌后退、水环境恶化、温室气体释放、土壤盐渍化、植被退化等, 未来研究需对整个高原地区热喀斯特湖的环境效应进行全面评估。 相似文献
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Hydrogeochemistry and isotope techniques to determine water interactions in groundwater-dependent shallow lakes,Wet Pampa Plain,Argentina 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Asunción Romanelli Orlando Mauricio Quiroz Londoño Daniel Emilio Martínez Héctor Enrique Massone Alicia Haydée Escalante 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(4):1953-1966
This paper gives an account of the implementation of hydrochemical and isotopic techniques to identify and explain the processes that govern solute exchange in two groundwater-dependent shallow lakes in the Southeastern Pampa Plain of Argentina. Water samples (lakes, streams, spring water and groundwater) for hydrochemical and stable isotopic determination were collected and the main physical–chemical parameters were measured. The combination of stable isotope data with hydrogeochemical techniques was used for the identification of sources and preferential recharge areas to these aquatic ecosystems which allowed the explanation of the lake water origin. The hydrochemical processes which explain Los Padres Lake water chemistry are evaporation from groundwater, CO2 input, calcite dissolution, Na+ release by Ca2+ and Mg2+ exchange, and sulfate reduction. The model that best aligns with La Brava Lake hydrochemical constraints includes: mixing, CO2 and calcite dissolution, cationic exchange with Na+ release and Mg2+ adsorption, and to a lesser extent, Ca/Na exchange. This model suggests that the fractured aquifer contribution to this water body is greater than 50 %. An isotopic-specific fingerprint for each lake was identified, finding a higher evaporation rate for La Brava Lake compared to Los Padres Lake. Isotopic data demonstrate the importance of these shallow lakes as recharge areas to the regional aquifer, becoming areas of high groundwater vulnerability. The Tandilia Range System, considered in many hydrogeological studies as the impermeable bedrock of the Pampean aquifer, acts as a fissured aquifer in this area, contributing to low salinity waters and with a fingerprint similar to groundwater isotopic composition. 相似文献
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Spatial distribution of deuterium in atmospheric water vapor: Diagnosing sources and the mixing of atmospheric moisture 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We measured the stable isotopic composition of hydrogen (δD) within atmospheric water vapor collected simultaneously at six sites in the vicinity of a lake (Lake Kasumigaura, Eastern Japan) to determine its spatial distribution characteristics and thereby diagnose sources and mixing of atmospheric moisture. The measured spatial distribution of δD showed no relation to distance from the lake, although it showed a correlation with the distribution of the water-vapor mixing ratio Q. For two of the three sampling days, we found a simple two-component (i.e., water vapor transpiring from local land surfaces and pre-existing vapor in the background atmosphere) mixing line in a Keeling plot (i.e., δ − 1/Q diagram). On a third day, however, contributions from lake evaporation were detected in addition to the above components. On this day, lake-derived vapor accounted for approximately 10-20% of atmospheric water vapor at the sites located leeward of the lake. The observed differences in mixing patterns among sampling days can be explained by a simple atmospheric moisture budget. Thus, it is likely that simultaneous isotopic measurements of atmospheric water vapor at multiple locations with aid of Keeling plot are capable of giving us useful information in diagnosing the sources and mixing pattern of the vapor. 相似文献
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在对研究区地质及水文地质条件进行分析的基础上,根据对各类水样水质资料的分析,得出与补给水相比,布隆湖水中各组分含量普遍升高、TDS显著增大、水化学类型由HCO3.Cl型变为Cl.SO4.HCO3型、水质由良好的饮用水变为多种组分含量超标的不可饮水;认为布隆湖水的化学成分是在补给水化学成分的基础上,经过蒸发浓缩作用、溶解/沉淀及阳离子交替吸附作用而形成的。使用离子比值分析方法,估算出河水进入布隆湖后,蒸发比例高达71.43%,使各组分含量增大了约3.5倍;质量平衡模拟结果表明,形成湖水化学成分的主要化学作用是岩盐、石膏的溶解、方解石的沉淀以及CO2的逸出,此外还发生了少量的阳离子交替吸附作用。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(11):2116-2137
Samples of mine water from Butte, Montana were collected for paired geochemical and stable isotopic analysis. The samples included two sets of depth profiles from the acidic Berkeley pit lake, deep groundwater from several mine shafts in the adjacent flooded underground mine workings, and the acidic Horseshoe Bend Spring. Beginning in July-2000, the spring was a major surface water input into the Berkeley pit lake. Vertical trends in major ions and heavy metals in the pit lake show major changes across a chemocline at 10–20 m depth. The chemocline most likely represents the boundary between pre-2000 and post-2000 lake water, with lower salinity, modified Horseshoe Bend Spring water on top of higher salinity lake water below. Based on stable isotope results, the deep pit lake has lost approximately 12% of its initial water to evaporation, while the shallow lake is up to 25% evaporated. The stable isotopic composition of SO4 in the pit lake is similar to that of Horseshoe Bend Spring, but differs markedly from SO4 in the surrounding flooded mine shafts. The latter is heavier in both δ34S and δ18O, which may be due to dissolution of hypogene SO4 minerals (anhydrite, gypsum, barite) in the ore deposit. The isotopic and geochemical evidence suggests that much of the SO4 and dissolved heavy metals in the deep Berkeley pit lake were generated in situ, either by leaching of soluble salts from the weathered pit walls as the lake waters rose, or by subaqueous oxidation of pyrite on the submerged mine walls by dissolved Fe(III). Laboratory experiments were performed to contrast the isotopic composition of SO4 formed by aerobic leaching of weathered wallrock vs. SO4 from anaerobic pyrite oxidation. The results suggest that both processes were likely important in the evolution of the Berkeley pit lake. 相似文献
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E. Bocanegra O. M. Quiroz Londoño D. E. Martínez A. Romanelli 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(8):2347-2357
This paper gives an account of the assessment and quantification of the water balance and the hydrogeological processes related to lake–groundwater interaction in the Pampa Plain by using hydrogeochemical, isotopic and flow numerical modeling techniques. La Salada is a permanent shallow lake, with an area of 5.8 km2, located on the SE of Buenos Aires Province. A total of 29 lake water samples and 15 groundwater samples were collected for both hydrochemical analysis and environmental stable isotope determination. Water table depths were measured in wells closed to the lake. Groundwater samples appear grouped on the Local Meteoric Water Line, suggesting a well-mixed system and that rainfall is the main recharge source to the aquifer. Water evaporation process within La Salada is also corroborated by its isotopic composition. The model that best adjusts to La Salada Lake hydrochemical processes includes evaporation from groundwater, calcite precipitation with CO2 release and cationic exchange. The annual water balance terms for the lake basin indicates for each hydrological component the following values: 1.16 E08 m3 rainfall, 8.15 E07 m3 evapotranspiration, 1.90 E06 m3 runoff, 1.55 E07 m3 groundwater recharge, 6.01 E06 m3 groundwater discharge to the lake, 9.54 E06 m3 groundwater discharge to the river, 5.00 E05 m3 urban extraction and 4.90 E06 m3 lake evaporation. Integrated analysis of hydrochemical and isotopic information helped to calibrate the groundwater flow model, to validate the conceptual model and to quantitatively assess the basin water balance. 相似文献