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1.
《Gondwana Research》2001,4(3):307-318
The supracrustal rocks of the Older Metamorphic Group (OMG), consisting of metasediments and ortho-amphibolite, constitute the oldest unit in the Archaean nucleus of Singhbhum. However, there are indications that still older (3.4–3.8 Ga) crust of both sialic and mafic composition existed in this region. The OMG ortho-amphibolites were formed by partial melting of mantle with near chondritic composition ca. 3.3 Ga ago, probably as a result of plume activity. Shortly afterwards, partial melting of the underplated mafic material produced a tonalitic melt (Older Metamorphic Tonalitic Gneiss — OMTG), which intruded the OMG supracrustals and the entire suite was deformed and metamorphosed to upper amphibolite facies. Subsequent to this, melting of the OMG ortho-amphibolites and the lower crustal material of probable andesitic composition produced melts varying in composition from tonalite to granite and these intruded in different phases to produce plutons of Singhbhum Granite, Bonai Granite and Kaptipada Granite, which together form volumetrically the major part of the Archaean nucleus. The older OMG and OMTG occur as enclaves within these younger granitoids. The time difference between the emplacements of the OMTG and the early phases of younger granitic intrusion was of the order of 100–200 Ma. Thus, serial additions of juvenile material led to the formation of a stable microcontinent by 3.2 Ga. Thermally triggered stretching in this microcontinent produced basins peripheral to the present day Singhbhum Granite pluton, and in these basins the younger supracrustal rocks of the Iron Ore Group (IOG), consisting of BIF, associated argillaceous and subordinate arenaceous rocks, and mafic lavas were laid down. There is inadequate field or geochronological evidence to resolve the issue of whether the different iron ore basins were coeval or not. Meagre geochronological data suggest that some of the BIFs are older than ca. 3.1 Ga. Post-IOG activity is confined to the intrusion of mafic dyke swarms and formation of intracratonic basins, the ages of both being uncertain.  相似文献   

2.
In the Itsaq Gneiss Complex south of the Isua supracrustal belt (West Greenland) some areas of early Archaean tonalite and quartz-diorite are non-gneissic, free of pegmatite veins, and in rarer cases are undeformed with relict igneous textures and hence were little modified by heterogeneous ductile deformation under amphibolite facies conditions in several Archaean events. Such well-preserved early Archaean rocks are extremely rare. Tonalites are high Al, and have bulk compositions close to experimental liquids. Trace element abundances and modelling suggest that they probably originated as melts derived from basaltic compositions at sufficiently high pressures to require residual garnet + amphibolites ± clinopyroxene in the source. The major element characteristics of the quartz-diorites suggest these were derived from more mafic magmas than the tonalites, and underwent either igneous differentiation or mixing with crustal material. As in modern arc magmas, high relative abundances of Sr, Ba, Pb, and alkali elements cannot be generated simply from a basaltic source formed by large degrees of melting of a depleted mantle. This may indicate an important role for fluids interacting with mafic rocks in generating the earliest preserved continental crust. The high Ba/Th, Ba/Nb, La/Nb and low Nb/Th, Ce/Pb, and Rb/Cs ratios of these tonalites are also observed in modern arc magmas. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology was undertaken on seven tonalites, one quartz-diorite, a thin pegmatitic vein and a thin diorite dyke. Cathodoluminescence images show the zircon populations of the quartz-diorite and tonalites are dominated by single-component oscillatory-zoned prismatic grains, which gave ages of 3806 ± 5 to 3818 ± 8 Ma (2σ) (quartz-diorite and 5 tonalites) and 3795 ± 3 Ma (1 tonalite). Dating of recrystallised domains cutting oscillatory-zoned zircon indicates disturbance as early as 3800–3780 Ma. There are rare ca. 3600 Ma and 3800–3780 Ma (very high U and low Th/U) ≤ 20 μm wide partial overgrowths on the prismatic grains. Given likely Zr-undersaturation of precursor melts and evidence of zircon recrystallisation and metamorphic regrowth as early as 3800–3780 Ma, the age determinations on the prismatic oscillatory-zoned zircon populations give the igneous crystallisation age of the tonalite and quartz-diorite protoliths. When the coherency of the geochemistry is considered, these samples represent the best preserved suites of ca. 3800 Ma felsic igneous rocks yet documented. Received: 1 December 1998 / Accepted: 23 July 1999  相似文献   

3.
Reappraisal of field relationships between the different lithological ensembles supported by available geochronological data, and taking due note of the tectono-metamorphic, magmatic and sedimentation history helped to build up a coherent crustal evolutionary history of the Singhbhum Archaean craton, eastern India. The evolution of the earliest sialic crust, as the isotope ages suggest, was around 3700 Ma or even earlier. Deposition of the oldest, dominantly metasedimentary supracrustals, the Older Metamorphic Group (OMG), was initiated at around 3380 Ma, i.e. after a gap of about 320 million years. The closing of OMG basins synchronously with the emplacement of a granitoid phase was at ca.3285 Ma. No other fabric-forming ductile deformation and metamorphism associated with the development of foliation and mineral lineation is known in the rocks of the Singhbhum Archaean craton subsequent to this event. Formation of the succeeding geological ensembles including the deposition of BIF-bearing Iron Ore Group (IOG) and the emplacement of the post-IOG granitoids at ca.3100 Ma can be described as ??lsnon-orogenic?? event taking place during the phase of tectonic quiescence. Supracrustals like the Dhanjori and Simlipal mafic volcanics with intercalated beds of arenite evolved later during the phase of Plume outburst at around 2800 Ma. The end-Archaean intrusion of Newer Dolerite dykes in conjugate sets and the deposition of Kolhan Group in an N-S oriented basin during an E-W stress system mark the culmination of the Archaean crust-building activity in the Singhbhum Archaean craton.  相似文献   

4.
The A-type Mayurbhanj Granite Pluton (3.09 Ga), occurring along the eastern margin of the Singhbhum-Orissa Craton, eastern India, represents the final phase of acid plutonism in this crustal block of Archean age. The granite shows a bimodal association with a voluminous gabbroid body, exposed mainly along its western margin, and is associated with the Singhbhum Shear zone. The granite pluton is composed mainly of a coarse ferrohastingsite–biotite granite phase, with an early fine-grained granophyric microgranitic phase and a late biotite aplogranitic phase. Petrogenetic models of partial melting, fractional crystallisation and magma mixing have been advocated for the evolution of this pluton. New data, combined with earlier information, suggest that two igneous processes were responsible for the evolution of the Mayurbhanj Granite Pluton: partial melting of the Singhbhum Granite; followed by limited amount of mixing of acid and basic magmas in an anorogenic extensional setting. The necessary heat for partial melting was provided by the voluminous basaltic magma, now represented by the gabbroid body, emplaced at a shallow crustal level and showing a bimodal association with the Mayurbhanj Granite Pluton. The Singhbhum Shear Zone provided a possible channel way for the emplacement of the basic magma during crustal extension. It is concluded that all three phases of the Mayurbhanj Granite Pluton were derived from the same parent magma, generated by batch partial melting of the Singhbhum Granite at relatively high temperatures (980 °C) and low pressures (4 to <2 kbar) under anhydrous conditions. The coarse ferrohastingsite biotite granite phase shows evidence of limited and heterogeneous assimilation of country rock metasediments. However, the early microgranite phase and late aplogranite phase have not assimilated any metasediments. Compositional irregularities observed along the western margin of the Mayurbhanj Granite Pluton in contact with the gabbro body including a continuous fractionating sequence from quartz diorite to alkali-feldspar granite in the Notopahar area. Gradational contacts between the gabbro and the Mayurbhanj Granite Pluton in the Gorumahisani area etc., may be attributed to a limited amount of mixing between the gabbroid magma and the newly generated Mayurbhanj Granite magma. The mixing was mainly of liquid–liquid diffusive type, with a subordinate amount of mixing of solid–liquid type. Although A-type granites are commonly described as having high total REE (e.g. 270–400 ppm), studies on the late aplogranite phase of the Mayurbhanj Granite show that total REE values (100 ppm) are low. This low REE abundance may be attributed to the progressive residual nature of the Singhbhum Granite source during continued partial melting, when the magmas of the microgranite and coarse granite phases had already been removed from the source region.  相似文献   

5.
Intrusion-related migmatites comprise a substantial part of the high-grade part of the southern Damara orogen, Namibia which is dominated by Al-rich metasedimentary rocks and various granites. Migmatites consist of melanosomes with biotite+sillimanite+garnet+cordierite+hercynite and leucosomes are garnet- and cordierite-bearing. Metamorphic grade throughout the area is in the upper amphibolite to lower granulite facies (5–6 kbar at 730–750 °C). Field evidence, petrographic observations, chemical data and mass balance calculations suggest that intrusion of granitic magmas and concomitant partial melting of metasedimentary units were the main processes for the generation of the migmatites. The intruding melts were significantly modified by magma mixing with in situ partial melts, accumulation of mainly feldspar and contamination with garnet from the wall rocks. However, it is suggested that these melts originally represented disequilibrium melts from a metasedimentary protolith. The occurrence of LILE-, HFSE- and LREE-enriched and -depleted residues within the leucosomes implies that both quartzo-feldspathic and pelitic rocks were subjected to partial melting. Isotope ratios of the leucosomes are rather constant (143Nd/144Nd (500 Ma): 0.511718–0.511754, ε Nd (500 Ma): ?3.54 to ?5.11) and Sr (87Sr/86Sr (500 Ma): 0.714119–0.714686), the metasedimentary units have rather constant Nd isotope ratios (143Nd/144Nd (500 Ma): 0.511622–0.511789, ε Nd (500 Ma): ?3.70 to ?6.93) but variable Sr isotope ratios Sr (87Sr/86Sr (500 Ma): 0.713527–0.722268). The most restitic melanosome MEL 4 has a Sr isotopic composition of 87Sr/86Sr (500 Ma): 0.729380. Oxygen isotopes do not mirror the proposed contamination process, due to the equally high δ18O contents of metasediments and crustal melts. However, the most LILE-depleted residue MEL 4 shows the lowest δ18O value (<10). Mass balance calculations suggest high degrees of partial melting (20–40%). It is concluded that partial melting was promoted by heat transfer and release of a fluid phase from the intruding granites. High degrees of partial melting can be reached as long as the available H2O, derived from the crystallization of the intruding granites, is efficiently recycled within the rock volume. Due to the limited amounts of in situ melting, it seems likely that such regional migmatite terranes are not the sources for large intrusive granite bodies. The high geothermal gradient inferred from the metamorphic conditions was probably caused by exhumation of deep crustal rocks and contemporaneous intrusion of huge masses of granitoid magmas. The Davetsaub area represents an example of migmatites formed at moderate pressures and high temperatures, and illustrates some of the reactions that may modify leucosome compositions. The area provides constraints on melting processes operating in high-grade metasedimentary rocks.  相似文献   

6.
The Monteregian Hills consist of a series of alkaline intrusionsand associated dikes and sills emplaced along a linear west-easttrend extending from 35 km west of Montreal, Quebec, to 190km east of Montreal. The igneous activity occurred between 117Ma and 141 Ma and the age data show a distinct bimodality, withstrongly undersaturated magmas emplaced at c. 118 Ma and slightlyundersaturated magmas emplaced at c. 136 Ma. The eastern intrusionslargely consist of gabbros, diorites, and a variety of felsicrocks as compared to the more mafic character of the westernintrusions which largely consist of pyroxenites, gabbros, anddiorites. The eastern intrusions were emplaced through a thicksequence of folded and faulted geosynclinal sediments whichseems to have played a role in determining their felsic character. Mounts Brome and Shefford are located approximately 80 km eastof Montreal. The dominant rock type at Mount Shefford is a dioritewhich has been intruded by arcuate bodies of pulaskite and nordmarkite.Mount Brome consists of an outer crescent-shaped gabbro body,composed of several cyclical units, and a large syenite bodydivided into a slightly quartz-undersaturated unit (pulaskite)and a slightly oversaturated unit (nordmarkite). The two unitsare chemically similar, but the nordmarkite has elevated initialSr ratios suggesting that crustal contamination is responsiblefor its oversaturation. Both complexes have been intruded bynepheline-bearing diorites, and at Mount Brome, foyaites, tinguaites,and laurdalites. Mount Megantic is located approximately 190km east of Montreal and consists of an outer normarkite annulus,separated by a gabbro-dioritic body from an inner granite plug. Five different magma types have been identified in the easternMonteregian Hills. Type 1, precursor to the gabbros and syenitesat Mounts Shefford and Brome, is an alkali picrite generatedby limited partial melting of a garnet lherzolite, with subsequentevolution controlled by the removal of olivine, pyroxene, andplagioclase. Type 2, precursor to the gabbros and nordmarkitesat Mount Megantic, is apparently produced by moderate partialmelting of a spinel lherzolite, and this magma subsequentlyevolved to a quartz-saturated residuum. Type 3, which producedthe rocks of the strongly undersaturated series, is equivalentto the basanite magmas generated by small degrees of meltingof a spinel lherzolite, which formed similar rocks in the westernMonteregian Hills. The high concentration of incompatible elementsand high-charge-density cations in these magmas indicates thatthe mantle source regions were enriched in these elements. Type4, Mount Shefford nordmarkite, and Type 5, Mount Megantic granite,magmas apparently originated in the crust by partial meltingof, respectively, amphibolite or granulite facies metadioriteand metagraywacke sources.  相似文献   

7.
北天山温泉群的地质特征、时代和构造意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
北天山温泉群长期以来被认为是古元古代的变质岩。最新的野外调查和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb 测年结果表明,温泉群可 以划分为三个岩石构造单元：（1）前早新元古代变质火山岩和变质沉积岩,主要包括斜长角闪岩、云母片岩、石英片岩、 黑云母片麻岩、大理岩等;（2）早新元古代混合岩和正片麻岩;（3）早古生代未变质变形的辉长岩和闪长岩。上述三种岩 石组合类型均被后期二云母花岗岩（脉）所侵入。温泉县以南的混合岩和花岗片麻岩中锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb 年龄分别为 926±12 Ma 和907±11 Ma,与天山地区出露的新元古代花岗岩类的时代基本一致。结合前人对花岗片麻岩Nd 同位素组成 的研究,花岗片麻岩应为古老地壳物质部分熔融的产物,而同期的混合岩化作用则是新元古代地壳加厚和部分熔融的直接 地质证据。辉长岩和闪长岩侵入到温泉群花岗片麻岩和斜长角闪岩中,其中闪长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb 年龄为452±7 Ma, 并含有1.1 Ga 和1.4 Ga 的继承锆石。根据前人的研究成果,本区早古生代辉长岩和闪长岩具有岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征, 可能与准噶尔-巴尔喀什洋的俯冲作用有关,这一俯冲增生作用最终导致伊犁北部与哈萨克斯坦陆块在志留纪拼贴造山, 并使温泉群前寒武纪变质岩与侵入岩发生变质变形作用。  相似文献   

8.
SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages are reported from a paragneiss, a pegmatite, a metasomatised metasediment and an amphibolite taken from the upper amphibolite facies host sequence of the Cannington Ag–Pb–Zn deposit at the southeastern margin of the Proterozoic Mt Isa Block. Also reported are ages from a middle amphibolite‐facies metasediment from the Soldiers Cap Group approximately 90 km north of Cannington. The predominantly metasedimentary host rocks of the Cannington deposit were eroded from a terrane containing latest Archaean to earliest Palaeoproterozoic (ca 2600–2300 Ma) and Palaeoproterozoic (ca 1750–1700 Ma) zircon. The ca 1750–1700 Ma group of zircons are consistent with sedimentary provenance from rocks of Cover Sequence 2 age that are now exposed to the north and west of the Cannington deposit. The metasedimentary samples also include a group of zircon grains at ca 1675 Ma, which we interpret as the maximum depositional age of the sedimentary protolith. This is comparable to the maximum depositional age of the metasediment from the Maronan area (ca 1665 Ma) and to previously published data from the Soldiers Cap Group. Metamorphic zircon rims and new zircon grains grew at 1600–1580 Ma during upper amphibolite‐facies metamorphism in metasedimentary and mafic magmatic rocks. Zircon inheritance patterns suggest that sheet‐like pegmatitic intrusions were most likely derived from partial melting of the surrounding metasediments during this period of metamorphism. Some zircon grains from the amphibolite have a morphology consistent with partially recrystallised igneous grains and have apparent ages close to the metamorphic age, although it is not clear whether these represent metamorphic resetting or crystallisation of the magmatic protolith. Pb‐loss during syn‐ to post‐metamorphic metasomatism resulted in partial resetting of zircons from the metasomatised metasediment.  相似文献   

9.
五龙沟金多金属矿集区晚二叠世-三叠纪岩浆岩较为发育,花岗岩与金及多金属成矿关系不明,岩石成因,成岩成矿动力学背景仍然存在分歧。本文对该矿集区出露的侵入岩展开详细的年代学和地球化学研究。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得花岗闪长岩体、英云闪长岩体、石英闪长玢岩脉年龄分别为244.1±2.0Ma、241.9±0.5Ma、211.5±0.4Ma。岩石地球化学特征表明五龙沟矿集区侵入岩整体为一套高钾钙碱性岩石系列,具有轻稀土富集,富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Ba、Th),高场强元素出现不同程度的亏损特征,源区由下地壳角闪岩相部分熔融,演化过程中经历了分离结晶作用,岩浆为壳源岩浆与幔源岩浆在不同比例下混合的产物。基于本文最新研究成果及综合前人资料,构筑了五龙沟矿集区晚二叠世-三叠纪成岩成矿年代学格架,区内岩浆活动分为两期,早期260～235Ma,晚期225～210Ma,其中峰值分别为245Ma和220～215Ma;多金属矿化时代与早期岩浆岩活动一致,金成矿与早晚两期岩浆活动密切相关。五龙沟矿集区金及多金属成矿构造环境早期形成俯冲-碰撞转换阶段,晚期为后碰撞伸展。  相似文献   

10.
本文对丹凤地区秦岭岩群含柯石英超高压变质地体长英质片麻岩中的混合岩化长英质浅色体和含石榴子石暗色包体的花岗质脉体进行了详细的矿物学、地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学以及Lu-Hf同位素研究。其中,长英质浅色体显示了近原位熔融的高硅、富钾的过铝质花岗岩地球化学特征;锆石的CL图像呈灰黑色,均匀无结构或云雾状内部结构,Th/U比值0. 008,并含有钾长石、斜长石、石英和磷灰石等包裹体,显示深熔锆石的特征;花岗质脉体暗色包体中的石榴子石显示核-边成分环带,其中核部成分与秦岭岩群长英质片麻岩中石榴子石成分一致,边部Sps含量升高,显示熔体改造或退变质扩散特征,寄主花岗质脉体显示重稀土强烈亏损的与石榴子石平衡的熔体特征,指示它们是秦岭岩群含石榴子石长英质片麻岩部分熔融的产物。锆石LA-ICP-MS定年得到长英质浅色体和花岗质脉体的结晶年龄分别为445±4Ma和420±1Ma,明显晚于本区的超高压变质时代,而与折返过程中麻粒岩相和角闪岩相退变质叠加的时代基本一致。结合区域地质和前人的研究成果,提出秦岭岩群在深俯冲板块的折返过程中,分别在445Ma和420Ma发生了两期部分熔融作用。  相似文献   

11.
Early Precambrian tonalite-trondhjemite sialic nuclei   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
A.Y. Glikson 《Earth》1979,15(1):1-73
Early Precambrian batholiths evolved by diapiric intrusion of near-liquidus to superheated tonalitic and trondhjemitic magmas into an early greenstones crust. Distribution patterns of enclaves and xenolith screens derived from the latter provide reference markers which define the internal geometry and detailed structure of the “gregarious batholiths” (Macgregor) as polydomal multi-lobal bodies. Near-liquidus temperatures are suggested by the digestion of vast volumes of ultramafic—mafic crust by the acid magmas. Tracing of xenolith trains between low and high grade metamorphic terrains provide key evidence for coeval relations between granite—greenstone type terrains and amphibolite to granulite facies infracrustal root zones of the latter. The formation of the plutonic tonalite—trondhjemite suite was accompanied by dacitic to rhyolitic extrusions, the acid volcanic lenses being located above early greenstone units intruded by the batholiths and below upper greenstone sequences which postdate these intrusions. The geochemical characteristics of high-level and deep-level tonalites and trondhjemites are compared. Both suites display very wide compositional spectra, but data from high-grade terrains tend to define a more basic field than data from granite—greenstone terrains. Effects of source compositions on the geochemistry of the acid plutonic rocks are pointed out. Tonalites dominate in South African terrains whereas trondhjemites dominate in Western Australian terrains — a difference conceivably related to the more ultramafic composition of source rocks represented by early greenstone units in southern Africa. Granodiorites and potassic granites form a comparatively minor component of Archaean batholiths, and may occur in the following forms: (1) bands of augen gneiss in high-grade terrains; (2) components of trondhjemitic to granitic gneisses in high-level plutons; and (3) discrete post-tectonic intrusions typically emplaced at high levels of the batholiths and along older tonalite—greenstone contacts. Migmatites characteristically form in close spatial association with xenolith-rich zones, probably due to depression of the solidus consequent on water addition related to dehydration of the xenoliths. A derivation of the acid sodic magmas by anatexis of sialic materials is inconsistent with geochemical evidence and petrological theory. In contrast, the commonly low to very low LIL element levels and REE evidence indicate derivation by about 30–50% melting of basic rocks. Marked trace element anomalies are characteristic of some Archaean plutonic suites, e.g. very high Sr in some Western Australian rocks, low Rb in some Lewisian (Scotland) and South African rocks, U depletion in South African and southwestern Greenland suites, high Li in some Pilbara rocks and high Zr in some southwestern Greenland rocks. However, the only consistent anomaly observed to date is a well-pronounced depletion in Y and heavy REE, suggesting extensive equilibration of the acid melts with eclogite and/or amphibolite. Uniformitarian interpretations of the Archaean are questioned in the light of the evidence for high temperature and pressure, the unique tectonic style of diapirism and the low initial87Sr/86Sr as compared to Proterozoic plutonic suites. The diachronous nucleation of tonalite—trondhjemite plutons during the Archaean is seen as the major process effecting a transformation of an early Archaean sima into sial.  相似文献   

12.
The Singhbhum craton has a chequred history of mafic magmatism spanning from early Archaean to Proterozoic. However, lack of adequate isotopic age data put constraints on accurately establishing the history of spatial growth of the craton in which mafic magmatism played a very significant role. Mafic magmatism in the craton spreads from ca.3.3 Ga (oldest “enclaves” of orthoamphibolites) to about 0.1 Ga (‘Newer dolerite’ dyke swarms). Nearly contemporaneous amphibolite and intimately associated tonalitic orthogneiss may represent Archaean bimodal magmatism. The metabasic enclaves are appreciably enriched and do not fulfill the geochemical characteristics of worldwide known early Archaean (>3.0 Ga) mafic magmatism. The enclaves reveal compositional spectrum from siliceous high-magnesian basalt (SHMB) to andesite. However, the occurrence of minor depleted boninitic type within the assemblage has so far been overlooked. High magnesian basalt with boninitic character of Mesoarchaean age is also reported in association with supracrustals from southern fringe of the granitoid cratonic nucleus. The subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) below the craton is conjectured to have initiated during the early Archaean. Significantly, recurrence of depleted magma types in the craton is observed during the whole span of mafic igneous activity which has been vaguely related to “mantle heterogeneity”, although the alternative model of sequential mantle melting is also being explored. The Singhbhum craton includes the Banded Iron Formation (BIF) associated mafic lavas, MORB-like basic and komatiitic ultrabasic bimodal volcanism — documented as Dalma volcanics, Dhanjori lavas, and the Proterozoic Newer dolerite dykes. Three different types of REE fractionation patterns are observed in the BIF-associated mafic lavas. These are the REE unfractionated type is more depleted than N-MORB and some lavas with boninitic type of REE distribution. MORB-like basic and komatiitic ultrabasic (Dalma volcanics) are emplaced within the Proterozoic Singhbhum Basin (PSB). The vista of magmatism in the basin was controlled by a miniature spreading centre represented by the mid-basinal Dalma volcanic ridge. The volcano-sedimentary basinal domain of Dhanjori emerged at the interface of two subprovinces (viz. the mobile volcano-sedimentary belt of PSB and rigid granite platform) under unique stress environment related to extensional tectonic regime. Trace element distribution in Dhanjori lavas is remarkably similar to that in PSB minor intrusions and lavas (except a Ta spike in the latter). The Proterozoic Newer dolerite dykes within Singhbhum nucleus manifest an unusually wide spam of intrusive activity (ca 2100 Ma to 1100 Ma) and unexpectedly uniform mantle melting behaviour.  相似文献   

13.
Geological observations in combination with previously published and new isotopic data allowed us to reconstruct the history of geological events that eventually gave rise to the formation of the Berdyaush pluton situated on the western slope of the South Urals: (1) emplacement of gabbro into Lower Riphean sedimentary rocks (1410–1390 Ma); an enriched mantle source of gabbro arising in the Archean or Paleoproterozoic; (2) formation of granitic melt in the lower crust; Archean TTG association subsequently enriched in K and correlative elements as a result of interaction with enriched mantle-derived magmas and related fluids was a magma source; mixing of mantle and crustal magmas in the course of their synchronous ascent with formation of hybrid intrusive rocks; injections of mafic and hybrid melts into incompletely solidified granite; fragmentation of such injections with the formation of melanocratic nodules; emplacement of basic dikes into the cooled granite—all these events took place 1410–1360 Ma ago; (3) discrete episodes of partial melting of enriched mantle source with waning intensity; formation of minor volumes of melt, which solidified under auto- and paraautochthonous conditions as local domains highly enriched in incompatible elements (1360–1270 Ma); (4) partial melting of those domains resulting in the formation of minor nepheline syenite intrusions (915–800 Ma), containing relict zircon grains dated at >1270 Ma; (5) injections of mantle-derived alkaline melt contaminated with crustal granitic material as microsyenite and syenite porphyry dikes (700–500 Ma ?). Thus, the Berdyaush pluton is a projection of a local domain of mantle and crustal magma generation, which periodically resumed its activity over almost a billion years.  相似文献   

14.
查干花钼矿床是内蒙古中西部的一个大型斑岩钼矿床。矿床成矿期花岗岩为似斑状黑云母花岗岩。2个花岗岩样品锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果分别为253.3±2.8Ma(MSWD=1.17)和253.8±3.7Ma(MSWD=1.6),显示成矿期花岗岩形成于253～254Ma,为晚二叠世。与前人辉钼矿Re-Os测年研究(～243Ma)对比显示,矿床的成岩成矿时间差约为10Ma,这与矿床控矿构造及成矿期花岗岩的结构构造特征相符,也与国内外较多的斑岩型矿床成岩可以对比,反映出查干花钼矿床是成矿岩体经历了长时间演化以后岩浆-热液体系的产物。元素地球化学研究显示,成矿期花岗岩具有高硅、高碱、准铝质至过铝质和高钾钙碱性的特征。其源区是受到早期陆缘弧俯冲作用改造及地壳混染的岩石,再经过部分熔融作用所形成。其微量元素继承了早期陆缘弧成因岩石的一些特征。岩浆在形成以后,在深部岩浆房内经历了以斜长石和钾长石为主导的分离结晶作用,并在上侵到地壳浅部区域以后受到了远古宇宝音图群的混染。其形成的构造环境为古生代末期向中生代转换的后碰撞环境。  相似文献   

15.
紫金山地区的中生代岩浆岩主要由晚侏罗世花岗岩和早白垩世火山－侵入杂岩构成，其中后者与该地区大规模的铜金成矿作用有关。此外，该区的才溪二长花岗岩岩枝是在晚侏罗世紫金山花岗岩体定位之后，早白垩世火山－侵入杂岩形成之前侵位的。晚侏罗世花岗岩的元素地球化学特征显示，它是印支期－燕山早期陆内叠复造山过程中，陆壳岩石在相对低压条件下的熔融产物。早白垩世火山－侵入杂岩以高Al和Ti、富集轻稀土、Eu负异常不明显，相对富Sr,Cr,Ni,Zr,Cu,Au,Ag，以及较低的Sn,W,Rb/Sr值和较低的锶氧同位素初始比值，区别于晚侏罗世花岗岩；它们的Sr/Y-Y和Ni-Cr关系与残余10％榴闪岩或榴辉岩的MORB熔融曲线大致吻合，表明它们是地幔上隆、区域拉伸环境下洋壳物质部分熔融的岩浆产物。才溪二长花岗岩的元素地球化学介于晚侏罗世紫金山花岗岩与早白垩世火山－侵入杂岩之间，它是区域挤压向区域拉伸转换的标志性产物。岩浆岩地球化学证据显示，紫金山地区早白垩世大规模铜金成矿作用，形成于区域挤压转换到拉伸的构造环境。  相似文献   

16.
L. Borsi  R. Petrini  F. Talarico  R. Palmeri 《Lithos》1995,35(3-4):245-259
Mafic dykes cutting the gneisses and migmatites in the Deep Freeze Range high-grade metamorphic complex of northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, have undergone strong recrystallization and deformation during amphibolite-facies metamorphism. Metamorphic mobility mostly affected the large-ion lithophile elements (LILE). Rare Earth (RE) and the high field-strength elements (HFSE) were essentially immobile during metamorphism. Together with the major-element geochemistry, this suggests primary characteristics of evolved tholeiitic magmas and mafic cumulates. No precise ages of intrusion are available for the dykes, but geological evidence suggest emplacement during the time interval 800 to 900 Ma. The Rb-Sr isotopic system in some of the dykes were also variably affected by a later thermal event, probably coincident with the time of amphibolite metamorphism, ca. 500–550 Ma ago. This event can be correlated with the Ross Orogeny in the Transantarctic Mountains. Nd isotopes and trace element abundances indicate that the dykes were derived by different degrees of partial melting and fractionation of heterogeneous sub-continental lithospheric mantle. The Nd isotopic compositions range from depleted to enriched signatures (εNd computed back to 850 Ma = +4.5 to −11.61), and are coupled to different trace element normalized patterns characterized by a slight positive Nb anomaly in the former case to a strong negative Mb anomaly for the latter samples. On isotopic and chemical ground the depleted signature of the mantle source resembles that reported for E-type MORB. The nature of the enriched components cannot be uniquely stated; nevertheless, on the basis of isotopic and geochemical data, it could be represented by sediments recycled into the sub-continental mantle or by crustal contamination during underplating of mafic magmas, or a combination of the two processes.  相似文献   

17.
The Anakie Metamorphic Group is a complexly deformed, dominantly metasedimentary succession in central Queensland. Metamorphic cooling is constrained to ca 500 Ma by previously published K–Ar ages. Detrital‐zircon SHRIMP U–Pb ages from three samples of greenschist facies quartz‐rich psammites (Bathampton Metamorphics), west of Clermont, are predominantly in the age range 1300–1000 Ma (65–75%). They show that a Grenville‐aged orogenic belt must have existed in northeastern Australia, which is consistent with the discovery of a potential Grenville source farther north. The youngest detrital zircons in these samples are ca 580 Ma, indicating that deposition may have been as old as latest Neoproterozoic. Two samples have been analysed from amphibolite facies pelitic schist from the western part of the inlier (Wynyard Metamorphics). One sample contains detrital monazite with two age components of ca 580–570 Ma and ca 540 Ma. The other sample only has detrital zircons with the youngest component between 510 Ma and 700 Ma (Pacific‐Gondwana component), which is consistent with a Middle Cambrian age for these rocks. These zircons were probably derived from igneous activity associated with rifting events along the Gondwanan passive margin. These constraints confirm correlation of the Anakie Metamorphic Group with latest Neoproterozoic ‐ Cambrian units in the Adelaide Fold Belt of South Australia and the Wonominta Block of western New South Wales.  相似文献   

18.
俯冲陆壳部分熔融形成埃达克质岩浆   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
在岛弧背景,埃达克质岩浆形成于俯冲洋壳板片的部分熔融已得到共识,但在大陆碰撞背景,埃达克质岩浆是否形成于俯冲陆壳的部分熔融尚未有研究报导。对祁连山东南部关山花岗岩（229 Ma）的地球化学和岩石成因研究提供了俯冲陆壳部分熔融形成埃达克质岩浆的一个实例。关山花岗岩以高K（K2O=4.12%~5.16%,K2O/Na2O=0.97~1.64）、高Sr/Y比值（13.6~84.1）、低Y （6.8×10-6 ~15.7×10-6 ）和低HREE（eg. Yb=0.62×10-6~1.31×10-6）为特征,并具有强分异的稀土元素组成模式[（La/Yb）N=17.5~41.6]和演化的Sr-Nd同位素组成[初始87Sr/86Sr=0.70587~0.70714, εNd（t）=-10.9~-5.16, tDM=1.10~1.49 Ga]。这些地球化学特征表明关山花岗岩属于大陆型（C型）埃达克质岩石,而明显不同于俯冲洋壳板片或底侵玄武质下地壳部分熔融形成的埃达克岩。关山花岗岩Pb-Sr-Nd同位素组成与商丹断裂北侧的祁连山前寒武纪基底岩石、早古生代火山岩和花岗岩类存在显著差异,但类似于商丹断裂南侧秦岭早中生代花岗岩类的Pb-Sr-Nd同位素组成,由此认为具有埃达克质的关山花岗岩的岩浆来自于南部俯冲陆壳物质的部分熔融,并提出了大陆碰撞背景中埃达克质岩浆产生的一个新的地质模型。  相似文献   

19.
本文以黑龙江省西北部大兴安岭塔源镇和小兴安岭二站乡地区花岗岩为研究对象,通过岩石学、U-Pb年代学及地球化学分析,揭示了古亚洲洋在该地区的俯冲—碰撞过程。塔源黑云母二长花岗岩U-Pb年龄为308 Ma,为晚石炭世侵入体,具有高硅、高碱的特征,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素,εHf（t）为0.8~2.5,地球化学特征显示其来源于增生的下地壳物质;二站乡二长花岗岩、碱长花岗岩U-Pb年龄分别为305和293 Ma,同样为高硅、高碱系列,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素,地球化学特征显示其来源于新生地壳。晚石炭世花岗岩为Ⅰ型花岗岩,早二叠世花岗岩为A型花岗岩。利用锆石δEu定量限定了塔源二长花岗岩和二站乡二长花岗岩的形成深度,分别为38.8 和34.7 km,而碱长花岗岩形成深度为28.7 km,暗示晚石炭世至早二叠世该地区经历了地壳的拉张减薄,记录了古亚洲洋的俯冲消亡与之后的后碰撞伸展作用。  相似文献   

20.
青藏高原西部班公湖-怒江缝合带西端的班公湖地区分布着一系列南北向和东西向岩脉: 花岗斑岩和闪长玢岩.通过岩石地球化学系统分析和锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS年龄测定, 指出这些岩脉代表了班公湖中特提斯洋盆闭合后的地壳伸展事件.呈南北向产出的花岗斑岩脉13个锆石颗粒测试结果给出了79.59±0.32Ma(MSWD=1.08)的加权平均年龄; 既有南北向也有东西向产出的闪长玢岩脉6个锆石颗粒给出了75.9±1.2Ma(MSWD=2.8)的加权平均年龄.这些结果表明班公湖岛弧带发生在晚白垩世的地壳伸展作用一开始只沿东西向进行, 稍后南北向也开始伸展.岩石地球化学特征表明, 2种脉岩都具有岛弧岩浆特征, 这是由于岩浆源区的印度洋MORB型地幔受到了来自俯冲沉积物熔体的交代.处于较深部位的闪长玢岩源区参与交代的沉积物熔体大体在1%~10%之间, 部分熔融程度约为8%~15%;处于较浅部位的花岗斑岩源区参与交代的沉积物熔体约在10%~15%之间, 部分熔融程度大于15%.   相似文献   

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