共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
语义相似性对于知识自动共享与集成起着非常重要的作用。在许多地理信息的应用领域,通常直接将分类体系作为领域(或任务)本体,并基于此计算概念间的语义距离以实现相似度计算。该方法虽然能够快速、简便地计算概念间的语义相似度,但是有时却因为分类体系的改变而造成相同概念间的相似度产生差异,甚至可能是错误的计算结果。本文面向基础地理信息领域,利用属性枚举方法表达概念的本质语义特征,从基础地理信息概念的内涵出发,提出基于本体属性的语义相似性计算模型。该模型将每个概念表达为本体属性集合,利用相关本体属性的相似性,结合权重信息计算概念的相似性。最后从基础地理信息概念中提取出100组样本,计算概念间的语义相似度并验证基于本体属性模型的有效性。实验结果表明基于本体属性的模型能更合理地计算出基础地理信息概念的相似度。 相似文献
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Angela Schwering 《Transactions in GIS》2008,12(1):5-29
Semantic similarity is central for the functioning of semantically enabled processing of geospatial data. It is used to measure the degree of potential semantic interoperability between data or different geographic information systems (GIS). Similarity is essential for dealing with vague data queries, vague concepts or natural language and is the basis for semantic information retrieval and integration. The choice of similarity measurement influences strongly the conceptual design and the functionality of a GIS. The goal of this article is to provide a survey presentation on theories of semantic similarity measurement and review how these approaches – originally developed as psychological models to explain human similarity judgment – can be used in geographic information science. According to their knowledge representation and notion of similarity we classify existing similarity measures in geometric, feature, network, alignment and transformational models. The article reviews each of these models and outlines its notion of similarity and metric properties. Afterwards, we evaluate the semantic similarity models with respect to the requirements for semantic similarity measurement between geospatial data. The article concludes by comparing the similarity measures and giving general advice how to choose an appropriate semantic similarity measure. Advantages and disadvantages point to their suitability for different tasks. 相似文献
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面向GIS数据共享的概念模型设计研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
Ｇ Ｉ Ｓ 数据共享的主要问题是数据的语义共享。在数据共享的保障基础———技术基础、标准化体系及政策法规体系中,标准化工作最为直接,而其中面向数据共享的概念模型的设计又是最基础性的工作之一。面向数据共享的概念模型设计的主要任务是寻求一种规范化、标准化的约束法则来保障数据的共享,为了保障数据共享的安全性,所设计的概念模型应能提供用于共享的抽象概念,这些抽象概念所描述的是地理概念而非纯空间概念,并应能提供语义抽象机制。采用语义数据模型的方法,提出利用地理特征这一概念作为建模的基本概念。通过一个实例对其应用进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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Uncertainty research represents a research stream of high interest within the community of geographical information science. Its elements, terminology and typology are still under strong discussion and adopted methods for analysis are currently under intensive development. This paper presents a conceptual framework for systematic investigation of uncertainty which occurs in applications of land cover change modelling in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) based on historical map data. Historical, in this context, means the map is old enough to allow identification of changes in landscape elements of interest, such as vegetation. To date such analyses are rarely conducted or not satisfactorily carried out, despite the fact that historical map data represent a potentially rich information source. The general validity and practicability of the framework for related applications is demonstrated with reference to one example in which forest cover change in Switzerland is investigated. The conceptual model consists of three domains in which main potential sources of uncertainty are systematically exposed. Existing links between data quality research and uncertainty are investigated to access the complex nature of uncertainty and to characterise the most suitable concepts for analysis. In accordance with these concepts appropriate methods and procedures are suggested to assess uncertainty in each domain. One domain is the production‐oriented amount of uncertainty which is inherent in the historical map. Vagueness and ambiguity represent suitable concepts for analysis. Transformation‐oriented uncertainty as the second domain occurs owing to editing and processing of digital data. Thereby, the suitable concept of uncertainty is error. The third domain is the application‐oriented uncertainty which occurs in comparing semantically different data. This domain relates to multi‐temporal discord which assumes the assessment of ‘equi‐temporal’ ambiguity and is thus connected to the production‐oriented domain. The framework provides an estimation of the overall amount of uncertainty. This can be linked to subsequent assessment of ‘fitness for use’. Thus the model provides a practicable and systematic approach to access the complex nature of uncertainty in the scope of land cover change modelling. 相似文献
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作为新一代地理分析工具,虚拟地理环境对于增强人类地理认知、分析解决地理问题方面具有显著优势。目前虚拟地理环境的基本框架、实现技术均有较多论述与成果。但在虚拟地理环境的认知研究方面尚缺乏有效指导。为提高虚拟地理环境构建的科学性,本文通过对虚拟地理环境现有概念的分析,提出从系统论角度进行虚拟地理环境认知研究的观点;并对虚拟地理环境的认知与地理认知、地图认知等相近概念进行了对比分析。从现实环境与虚拟环境间的相似性入手建立了虚拟地理环境的认知研究框架,该框架从思维相似、感觉相似、几何相似、特性相似和离散相似5个方面探讨了虚拟地理环境认知研究目前的着眼点,并将思维相似作为虚拟地理环境认知研究的重点与难点。该框架将虚拟地理环境的认知问题置于一个更广泛背景中进行研究,一方面体现了虚拟地理环境所具有的地理实验研究新平台的作用,另一方面重点强调了人的作用,对深入开展虚拟地理环境的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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基于描述逻辑本体的GIS多重表达 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
多重表达是地理信息弹性表达和弹性存取的一个内在要求,它实质上提供了一个多尺度、多应用主题的数据集成机制。多重表达的建模不能仅限于数据库中多重几何特征的一致性表达,还必须支持不同语义粒度、不同应用主题下语义特征的弹性描述。基于形式化本体的地理信息建模更贴近于认知模型,还有助于语义表达以及基于语义的信息集成和共享。通过经典描述逻辑中具体域以及context的扩展,满足区域拓扑和上下文语义形式化描述的需要;给出一个基于描述逻辑的多表达地理本体方案,该方案能够为数据库中几何信息和语义信息的弹性表达提供一个统一的基于逻辑的模型理论基础。 相似文献
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目前,土地空间数据方面的研究比较偏重数据库、程序语言、信息系统的构建方法等方面,而缺乏专门的文章对土地空间对象的概念、种类、数量和关系等做整体研究。本研究运用地理本体论的概念分类思想和空间语义关系理论,将地块作为共享概念,首次深入系统地解析土地管理业务中涉及的主要土地空间面对象的内涵、关系等,构建并实证分析三层多级本体土地空间面对象模型,为解决土地要素完善、土地信息标准化和土地数据库的建设等提供参考依据。 相似文献
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面向地理环境主体GIS初探 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
依据人地关系理论，提出发展面向地理环境主体的GIS理念。面向地理环境主体的GIS，主要研究在相关地理生态与社会经济环境中关于主体时空分布、社会经济活动行为时空特征与规律的表达、计算、模拟与分析。探讨了面向地理环境主体GIS的主要特征，以及智能体建模、时空行为数据模型与可视化表现方法。 相似文献
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Andre Salvaro Furtado Despina Kopanaki Luis Otavio Alvares Vania Bogorny 《Transactions in GIS》2016,20(2):280-298
Most existing approaches aiming at measuring trajectory similarity are focused on two‐dimensional sequences of points, called raw trajectories. However, recent proposals have used background geographic information and social media data to enrich these trajectories with a semantic dimension, giving rise to the concept of semantic trajectories. Only a few works have proposed similarity measures for semantic trajectories or multidimensional sequences, having limitations such as predefined weight of the dimensions, sensitivity to noise, tolerance for gaps with different sizes, and the prevalence of the worst dimension similarity. In this article we propose MSM, a novel similarity measure for multidimensional sequences that overcomes the aforementioned limitations by considering and weighting the similarity in all dimensions. MSM is evaluated through an extensive experimental study that, based on a seed trajectory, creates sets of semantic trajectories with controlled transformations to introduce different kinds and levels of dissimilarity. For each set, we compute the similarity between the seed and the transformed trajectories, using different measures. The results showed that MSM was more robust and efficient than related approaches in the domain of semantic trajectories. 相似文献
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基于语义的多细节层次3维房产模型 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
针对2维房产管理中的产权重叠、表达不完全和建筑物室内外一体化管理难题,在综合分析3维房产数据的对象类型及其应用特性的基础上,从概念层次提出了一种基于语义的多细节层次3维房产模型。该模型通过空间与产权的语义描述,对3维房产管理对象间的多细节层次关系进行一体化表达,特别是实现了对建筑物内部的房产空间关系表达,有利于明晰内部空间(户)的产权划分及各房产对象间的产权关联,为建立产权明晰与室内外综合管理的真3维房产应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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基于本体语义研究地理信息服务发现问题.将加权语义距离和Wu-Palmer法相结合并进行改进计算本体概念语义相似度.引入服务接口依赖关系,提出支持接口多态性的本体语义地理信息服务输入输出匹配方法.最后开发实验原型对基于本体的地理信息服务匹配方法进行实验与分析. 相似文献
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A Rule-Based Strategy for the Semantic Annotation of Geodata 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Eva Klien 《Transactions in GIS》2007,11(3):437-452
The ability to represent geospatial semantics is of great importance when building geospatial applications for the Web. This ability will enhance discovery, retrieval and translation of geographic information as well as the reuse of geographic information in different contexts. The problem of generating semantic annotations has been recognized as one of the most serious obstacles for realizing the Geospatial Semantic Web vision. We present a rule‐based strategy for the semantic annotation of geodata that combines Semantic Web and Geospatial Web Services technology. In our approach, rules are employed to partially automate the annotation process. Rules define conditions for identifying geospatial concepts. Based on these rules, spatial analysis procedures are implemented that allow for inferring whether or not a feature in a dataset represents an instance of a geospatial concept. This automated evaluation of features in the dataset generates valuable information for the creation and refinement of semantic annotations on the concept level. The approach is illustrated by a case study on annotating data sources containing representations of lowlands. The presented strategy lays the foundations for the specification of a semantic annotation tool for geospatial web services that supports data providers in annotating their sources according to multiple domain views. 相似文献
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粗糙集作为一种处理不确定性问题的工具,近年来在GIS中得到了广泛的应用。它利用上、下近似来逼近对象。在以往的GIS粗糙集应用中,都是基于等价划分的pawlark粗糙集。本文基于划分之中可以存在交集的覆盖粗糙集,利用近年在基础数学研究中的一些覆盖粗糙集的理论与性质,探讨了GIS不确定研究的覆盖近似空间、覆盖粗糙集、模糊覆盖粗糙集、模糊覆盖粗糙隶属函数等。发现覆盖粗糙集在处理GIS不确定性问题时,有比粗糙集更广的适应范围。 相似文献
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针对现有建筑物多细节层次（level of detail,LOD）表达主要面向外部,很少涉及内部空间的问题,提出一种含室内空间结构的建筑物三维LOD概念模型。该模型分为LOD0~LOD6 7个LOD,细节层次由建筑物的基底平面图、幢模型、无侧面楼层模型、楼层模型、户模型、房间模型到含门、窗等建筑语义的信息房间模型,空间细节逐次变细,丰富了建筑物室内空间LOD的表达理论。为构建这种LOD模型,提出基于胞腔复形链边界算子和上边界算子的LOD生成方法。该方法引入代数拓扑的胞腔、胞腔复形和复形链3个概念,利用胞腔和胞腔复形表达LOD,并在LOD6的基础上,利用边界算子和上边界算子生成其他粗空间粒度LOD模型,为三维城市模型建筑物LOD构建提供一种新方法。 相似文献
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When analyzing spatial issues, geographers are often confronted with many problems with regard to the imprecision of the available information. It is necessary to develop representation and design methods which are suited to imprecise spatiotemporal data. This led to the recent proposal of the F‐Perceptory approach. F‐Perceptory models fuzzy primitive geometries that are appropriate in representing homogeneous regions. However, the real world often contains cases that are much more complex, describing geographic features with composite structures such as a geometry aggregation or combination. From a conceptual point of view, these cases have not yet been managed with F‐Perceptory. This article proposes modeling fuzzy geographic objects with composite geometries, by extending the pictographic language of F‐Perceptory and its mapping to the Unified Modeling Language (UML) necessary to manage them in object/relational databases. Until now, the most commonly used object modeling tools have not considered imprecise data. The extended F‐Perceptory is implemented under a UML‐based modeling tool in order to support users in fuzzy conceptual data modeling. In addition, in order to properly define the related database design, an automatic derivation process is implemented to generate the fuzzy database model. 相似文献
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The Nature of Uncertainty in Historical Geographic Information 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
Brandon Plewe 《Transactions in GIS》2002,6(4):431-456
While the presence of uncertainty in the geometric and attribute aspects of geographic information is well known, it is also present in temporal information. In spatiotemporal GIS databases and other formal representations, uncertainty in all three aspects of geography (space, time, and theme) must often be modeled, but a good data model must first be based on a sound theoretical understanding of spatiotemporal uncertainty. The nature of both uncertainty inherent in a phenomenon (often termed indeterminacy) and uncertainty in assertions of that phenomenon can be better understood through the Uncertain Temporal Entity Model , which characterizes the cause, type, and form of uncertainties in the spatial, temporal, and attribute aspects of geographic information. These uncertainties are the result of complexities and problems in two processes: the process of conceptualization, by which humans make sense of an infinitely complex reality, and measurement, by which we create formal representations (e.g. GIS) of those conceptual models of reality. Based on this framework, the nature and form of uncertainty is remarkably consistent across various situations, and is approximately equivalent in the three aspects, which will enable consistent solutions for representation and processing of spatiotemporal data. 相似文献