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1.
灰石山稀土铌多金属矿床位于内蒙古阿拉善地块北缘,是近些年新发现的规模较大的稀土铌多金属矿床。通过系统的槽探钻探工程、野外地质调查及岩相学研究,探讨了该稀土铌多金属矿床的地质特征及成因。灰石山稀土铌多金属矿床与碱性正长岩密切相关,具岩浆期后热液交代型和岩浆结晶分异型2种不同成因类型。通过总结该矿床的找矿标志,建立了成矿模式: 岩浆期后热液交代型矿床受断裂控制,正长质岩浆沿断裂被动侵位,随着温度和压力的下降,流体与熔体发生溶离作用,富含Nb、REE和挥发分(F和Cl为主)的硅质流体发生水-岩反应,在有利部位形成了稀土铌矿床。矿床围岩褐铁矿化、黄铁矿化、硅化蚀变程度与稀土、铌的含量呈正相关,矿体与围岩界线不明显; 正长质岩浆主动侵位,伴随岩浆结晶分异作用,不相容元素(Nb、REE等)在残余熔体中富集成矿,形成了赋存于正长岩中的岩浆结晶分异型矿床。灰石山地区碱性正长质岩浆为稀土铌多金属矿床的形成提供了物质来源。 相似文献
2.
庙垭稀土矿床位于北大巴山东北缘和武当隆起西部边缘接触处的过渡带中,是一个与正长岩碳酸岩杂岩体有关的特大型铌稀土矿床。以酸性火山岩为主体的武当隆起,其时代属性和构造属性也是该区的重要基础问题,与庙垭稀土矿床的形成有着密切的关系。庙垭杂岩体沿着耀岭河群与下志留统梅子垭组之间的断裂构造脆弱带分布,矿区北西向和北西西向断裂和褶皱均较发育,为碳酸岩岩浆从地幔向地壳浅部侵入提供了便利的通道和定位空间,并对铌、稀土矿的分布起一定的控制作用。杂岩体由北向南由边缘相、过渡相及中心相3个相带组成,表现有碳酸岩化、绢云母化、黑云母化、钠长石化、萤石化等围岩蚀变。结合区域地质背景和矿床地质特征,认为在正长岩之后形成的碳酸岩,与正长质岩浆有着密切关系。认为矿化物质来源应为正长岩浆侵入带来,后经岩浆期后气水热液交代作用,即各种碳酸岩化促使铌、稀土元素富集沉淀。杂岩体形成前后受构造作用控制明显,先期形成的岩石冷缩裂缝和构造破碎为后期气热交代创造了良好条件,矿化多侵位于耀岭河群的糜棱岩中。庙垭稀土矿床就是在火山岩喷发时所产生的正长岩碳酸岩与震旦系-古生界岩石地层逆冲推覆过程中相互耦合形成的。 相似文献
3.
黑石山铜铅锌矿床位于东昆仑造山带中段的五龙沟地区,矿区内的石英二长岩-正长岩发育有暗色微粒包体,本研究在包体中发现了硫化物。锆石U-Pb定年显示,正长岩形成于239.4±1.0Ma,具有富Si和K,贫Mg、Cr、Ni,明显的Eu负异常,富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素,较为富集的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征。暗色微粒包体由斜长石和角闪石组成,可见角闪石堆晶,贫硅、富钙、铝、碱和铁,Mg#值为38.37,具有明显的Eu负异常,轻重稀土分馏弱。结合宿主正长岩和暗色包体的矿物成分相似性和岩相学特征,本文认为暗色微粒包体与正长岩来自同一个岩浆房,属于同源岩浆包体,是岩浆房早期分离结晶相,被中酸性岩脉携带上升至正长岩熔体中,一起侵位至浅部地壳。综合岩石地球化学、同位素和矿物成分,本文认为正长岩是下地壳含水镁铁质岩石在压力较低条件下部分熔融的产物。暗色微粒包体中发育硫化物,且包体岩浆的硫含量远高于正长岩岩浆,指示岩浆房的早期分离结晶相带走了硫,使残余熔体贫硫。 相似文献
4.
岩浆(型)碳酸岩研究进展 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
主要从岩石学，矿物学，岩石分类，C，O，Sr同位素，碳酸岩与矿化的关系等各方面对（碱性）碳酸岩的研究进行了较为全面的总结，并结合近20年来实验岩石等，流体包裹体研究，CO2^- H2O－NaCl流体体系的性质的研究，对碳酸岩岩浆的来源及成因，岩浆－热液的演化进行了分析和探讨，碳酸岩形成至少经历了三个阶段，即岩浆阶段，岩浆期后阶段（气相碳酸岩／岩浆热液阶段），交代碳酸岩阶段，而作为与碳酸岩在空间和成因上有密切联系的基性，超基性岩，碱性岩杂岩体，则经历了碳酸岩成岩阶段以前的岩浆不混熔作用，结晶分异作用，岩浆结晶作用以及碳酸岩形成之后的围岩蚀变（霓长岩化）作用。 相似文献
5.
华南是我国重要的战略性矿产资源基地,以花岗岩相关的稀有和稀土金属成矿作用而举世瞩目。其中,铌的成矿作用一般与过铝质高分异花岗岩有关,稀土元素则随岩浆演化程度增强而富集程度降低,而江西铁木里含黑云母碱长花岗岩体同时富集铌和稀土元素,矿化组合极具特色。本文在详细的矿物岩相学研究基础上,利用电子探针、飞秒激光电感耦合等离子质谱对铌和稀土矿物进行了矿物地球化学分析,借此对铁木里碱长花岗岩中铌和稀土元素的富集机制进行探讨。铁木里岩体由肉红色含黑云母碱长花岗岩(r-G)和灰白色含黑云母碱长花岗岩(g-G)组成,发育暗色包体。r-G中的铌矿物主要为岩浆期形成的铌铁金红石,稀土矿物包括岩浆期形成的硅钛铈矿、独居石、磷灰石和热液期形成的独居石和氟碳(钙)铈矿。g-G中的铌矿物包括岩浆期形成的铌铁金红石和热液期形成的铌铁金红石、易解石、铌铁矿,稀土矿物包括岩浆期磷灰石和热液期磷灰石、独居石、氟碳(钙)铈矿。暗色包体为岩浆混合成因,内含磷灰石、独居石和零星的硅钛铈矿、金红石。矿物组合特征显示,铁木里碱长花岗岩中的铌和稀土元素经过了岩浆和热液两个时期的富集。应用金红石、磷灰石、绿泥石等矿物成分特征约束了岩浆-... 相似文献
6.
西天山阿吾拉勒火山岩型铁矿带东段成矿地质背景与成矿机理 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
备战、敦德、智博、查岗诺尔铁矿分布于阿吾拉勒火山岩型铁矿带东段的大哈拉军山组火山岩中,各个矿区基性、中性和酸性火山岩兼而有之,但所占比例不尽相同。矿区的火山岩以钾玄岩系列、高钾钙碱性系列、钙碱性系列岩石为主,也有少量拉斑系列岩石出露。岩石相对富集轻稀土元素,相对富集大离子亲石元素而亏损Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素。显示出岛弧或活动陆缘环境火山岩的固有特征。研究认为该地区铁矿床为矿浆-火山热液复合成因型铁矿床,其形成受岩浆-热液系统活动的制约,具体成矿作用包括氧化物熔离成矿、隐爆-贯入成矿、分离结晶+岩浆流动成矿和热液交代四种类型。矿床的控矿因素与成矿条件包括:(1)活动大陆边缘型火山岩组合与伸展构造环境;(2)基性和中性火山熔浆多次喷溢和堆积部位;(3)含矿母岩浆的强烈分异演化导致氧化物熔离,而分离结晶和岩浆流动则促使富集矿体形成;(4)岩浆热液对流循环并萃取围岩铁质,是形成热液期矿石的基本机制;(5)火山机构及其伴生裂隙是含矿岩浆活动的有利空间并为成矿物质的聚集提供物理化学条件,是铁矿体主要控矿因素和赋矿部位。铁矿床与火山作用关系极为密切,火山熔浆与火山热液反复多次活动导致了成矿作用的多期多阶段性。 相似文献
7.
尼新塔格铁矿床所属的西天山阿吾拉勒成矿带赋存有多个中-大型铁矿,近年来这些铁矿床的成因类型以及它们之间的联系已成为该地区的一个研究热点。为了探讨尼新塔格铁矿床的矿床成因并进一步揭示其成矿过程,本文对该矿床进行了系统的矿物学、岩石学、岩相学及地球化学研究。工程勘探资料显示该矿床赋矿围岩主要为下石炭统大哈拉军山组玄武粗面安山岩、粗面安山岩及安山质火山碎屑岩。根据对围岩蚀变、矿石组构、矿物共生组合的观察,将矿床的形成过程划分为矿浆期和热液期两个主要成矿期。稀土、微量元素地球化学特征显示尼新塔格铁矿区内的矿石与熔岩围岩具有同源性。岩相学及地球化学研究表明,成矿物质主要来源于岛弧环境下形成的玄武质岩浆。综合以上特征,认为尼新塔格铁矿床是由石炭纪岛弧环境下形成的玄武质岩浆分异演化的产物,在成因类型上应属火山岩型岩浆-热液复合成因磁铁矿矿床。 相似文献
8.
Baerzhe Be–Nb–Zr–REE deposit is hosted in alkaline granite (125 Ma) which intrudes in the late Jurassic Baiyingaolao Formation in the middle of the Great Hinggan Metallogenic Belt in China. The ore‐forming granite consists of three lithological facies: arfvedsonite‐bearing alkaline granite at the bottom, aegirine‐bearing albite aplite in the middle and pegmatite crust on the top. The albite aplite is the main orebody. We recognized three magmatic‐hydrothermal stages: orthomagmatic stage, late‐magmatic stage and hydrothermal stage, with the late‐magmatic stage being divided into two substages, the pegmatite substage and the aplite substage. Petrographic study on the granite, the microthermometric study on fluid inclusions and in situ laser‐ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis for quartz‐hosted melt inclusions reveal the process of magmatic‐hydrothermal evolution. The finding indicates that primary magma evolved to more peralkaline by fractional crystallization, with synchronously increasing high field strength elements. An extremely high content of Zr and Nb are in the melt inclusions from last stage albite aplite (Zr, min 52 548 ppm, and Nb, min 4104 ppm). This implies that the residual magma directly formed the orebody of rare metal elements. Meanwhile, volatility was increasing during the magma evolution process and F‐bearing aqueous fluid was oversaturated at temperatures higher than 800°C. The separation of fluid from magma caused Li‐REE enrichment in F‐bearing fluid and depletion in residual melt, and led to the difference of the Y/Ho ratio between whole rock compositions and melt inclusion data. Fluid separated into a high‐salinity liquid and a low density vapor phase above 697°C, and enriched REE in the high‐salinity liquid. The oxygen isotope data shows mixing between primary magmatic‐hydrothermal fluid and meteoric water. The ubiquitous pseudo‐secondary fluid inclusions have a wide range of salinity below 462°C, which is similar to the melting temperatures of REE‐bearing daughter minerals. A model involving the mixing by meteoric water could be a mechanism for precipitation of REE minerals. 相似文献
9.
Mihoko Hoshino Yasushi Watanabe Hiroyasu Murakami Yoshiaki Kon Maiko Tsunematsu 《Resource Geology》2013,63(1):1-26
The two drill holes, which penetrated sub‐horizontal rare earth element (REE) ore units at the Nechalacho REE in the Proterozoic Thor Lake syenite, Canada, were studied in order to clarify the enrichment mechanism of the high‐field‐strength elements (HFSE: Zr, Nb and REE). The REE ore units occur in the albitized and potassic altered miaskitic syenite. Zircon is the most common REE mineral in the REE ore units, and is divided into five types as follows: Type‐1 zircon occurs as discrete grains in phlogopite, and has a chemical character similar to igneous zircon. Type‐2 zircon consists of a porous HREE‐rich core and LREE–Nb–F‐rich rim. Enrichment of F in the rim of type‐2 zircon suggests that F was related to the enrichment of HFSE. The core of type‐2 zircon is regarded to be magmatic and the rim to be hydrothermal in origin. Type‐3 zircon is characterized by euhedral to anhedral crystals, which occur in a complex intergrowth with REE fluorocarbonates. Type‐3 zircon has high REE, Nb and F contents. Type‐4 zircon consists of porous‐core and ‐rim, but their chemical compositions are similar to each other. This zircon is a subhedral crystal rimmed by fergusonite. Type‐5 zircon is characterized by smaller, porous and subhedral to anhedral crystals. The interstices between small zircon grains are filled by fergusonite. Type‐4 and type‐5 zircon grains have low REE, Nb and F contents. Type‐1 zircon is only included in one unit, which is less hydrothermally altered and mineralized. Type‐2 and type‐3 zircon grains mainly occur in the shallow units, while those of type‐4 and type‐5 are found in the deep units. The deep units have high HFSE contents and strongly altered mineral textures (type‐4 and type‐5) compared to the shallow units. Occurrences of these five types of zircon are different according to the depth and degree of the hydrothermal alteration by solutions rich in F and CO3, which permit a model for the evolution of the zircon crystallization in the Nechalacho REE deposit as follows: (i) type‐1 (discrete magmatic zircon) is formed in miaskitic syenite. (ii) LREE–Nb–F‐rich hydrothermal zircon formed around HREE‐rich magmatic zircon (type‐2). (iii) type‐3 zircon crystallized through the F and CO3‐rich hydrothermal alteration of type‐2 zircon which formed the complex intergrowth with REE fluorocarbonates; (iv) the CO3‐rich hydrothermal fluid corroded type‐3, forming REE–Nb‐poor zircon (type‐4). Niobium and REE were no longer stable in the zircon structure and crystallized as fergusonite around the REE–Nb‐leached zircon (type‐4); (v) type‐5 zircon is formed by the more CO3‐rich hydrothermal alteration of type‐4 zircon, suggested by the fact that type‐4 and type‐5 zircon grains are often included in ankerite. Type‐3 to type‐5 zircon grains at the Nechalacho REE deposit were continuously formed by leaching and/or dissolution of type‐2 zircon in the presence of F‐ and/or CO3‐rich hydrothermal fluid. These mineral associations indicate that three representative hydrothermal stages were present and related to HFSE enrichment in the Nechalacho REE deposit: (i) F‐rich hydrothermal stage caused the crystallization of REE–Nb‐rich zircon (type‐2 rim and type‐3), with abundant formation of phlogopite and fluorite; (ii) F‐ and CO3‐rich hydrothermal stage led to the replacement of a part of REE–Nb–F‐rich zircon by REE fluorocarbonate; and (iii) CO3‐rich hydrothermal stage resulted in crystallization of the REE–Nb–F‐poor zircon and fergusonite, with ankerite. REE and Nb in hydrothermal fluid at the Nechalacho REE deposit were finally concentrated into fergusonite by way of REE–Nb–F‐rich zircon in the hydrothermally altered units. 相似文献
10.
西南天山巴什苏洪矿是新发现的REE矿床,本文以三年勘探工作为依托,开展了岩石学和岩石地球化学研究,总结了矿床的地质特征、控矿因素和找矿标志。结果表明:巴什苏洪杂岩体可识别出四期,其中第一期为中粒橄榄辉长岩体,第二期为中粗粒霓石正长岩体,第三期为火成碳酸岩体,第四期为中细粒碱性花岗岩体。杂岩体为过碱性,从碱性辉长岩类→正长岩类→碱性花岗岩类呈现出完整的演化趋势。各期岩体中橄榄辉长岩整体体现出轻稀土富集、分异不明显的特征;霓石正长岩体现出轻稀土富集,并且出现了负Eu异常,已经体现出部分结晶分异的特征;相对而言碱性花岗岩稀土总量更高,整体呈现出强烈的负Eu异常,但并未发生强烈的轻重稀土分馏,整体呈现出"海鸥式"配分特征,可能与岩浆晚期的伟晶岩以及流体活动有关。巴什苏洪矿床属碱性花岗岩和碱性伟晶岩复合型矿床,岩体有两种含矿形式:含稀有稀土的碱长花岗岩脉和侧向的霓长伟晶岩。主矿体为第四期中细粒碱性花岗岩,近东西向呈密集脉状,陡倾,分布稳定连续。估算铌钽资源量超过1万t,达中型规模,具有成为低品位、中厚度、大范围、复合型的大型稀有稀土金属矿床远景。构造、岩浆岩和岩浆分异作用共同控制矿体的形成。找矿标志包括:遥感影像灰白色条带,航磁弱正异常,化探Nb-Y-Zr-Zn-P组合异常,地表碱性花岗岩株产出于深大断裂附近,出现独居石、铌铁矿-铌钽铁矿等有用矿物以及霓石、钠长石等有利共生矿物组合等。 相似文献
11.
云南个旧碱性杂岩体由边缘相碱长正长岩和中心相霞石正长岩组成。全岩地球化学分析表明,该碱性杂岩体具有高碱、富钾、富铁、低镁、高分异的碱性-过碱性岩石特征,晚期更富集碱金属元素; LREE/HREE值为20～59,(La/Sm)N=8～50,(Sm/Yb)N=1.2～5.0,富集轻稀土元素,轻稀土元素较重稀土元素分馏程度高,具Eu负异常,亏损Ti、Nb、P、K、Sr等元素,富集Zr、Hf、Th、La、Ce、Nd、U、Rb等元素,岩浆来源与幔源物质有关;碱长正长岩和霞石正长岩具有相似的微量元素和稀土元素特征,具有同源岩浆分异演化的特点; Rb/Sr、Nb/Ta、Zr/Hf等比值均高于或接近于原始地幔的相应值; CIPW标准矿物计算结果表明边缘相碱长正长岩中出现紫苏辉石、锥辉石、橄榄石,中心相霞石正长岩中出现橄榄石。结合(Th/Nb)N和Nb/La值特征以及前人Sr-Nd同位素研究成果,认为个旧碱性杂岩体的岩浆来源于遭受交代作用的富集地幔部分熔融,同时受有限的地壳混染作用而成,形成于后碰撞的伸展环境。碱性岩浆演化晚期更加富碱、经历了更高程度的结晶分异作用是稀土元素、Nb、Ga和Zr元素超常富集的重要原因。 相似文献
12.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(2):769-785
The Weishan REE deposit is located at the eastern part of North China Craton (NCC), western Shandong Province. The REE-bearing carbonatite occur as veins associated with aegirine syenite. LA-ICP-MS bastnaesite Th-Pb ages (129 Ma) of the Weishan carbonatite show that the carbonatite formed contemporary with the aegirine syenite. Based on the petrographic and geochemical characteristics of calcite, the REE-bearing carbonatite mainly consists of Generation-1 igneous calcite (G-1 calcite) with a small amount of Generation-2 hydrothermal calcite (G-2 calcite). Furthermore, the Weishan apatite is characterized by high Sr, LREE and low Y contents, and the carbonatite is rich in Sr, Ba and LREE contents. The δ13CV-PDB (−6.5‰ to −7.9‰) and δ13OV-SMOW (8.48‰–9.67‰) values are similar to those of primary, mantle-derived carbonatites. The above research supports that the carbonatite of the Weishan REE deposit is igneous carbonatite. Besides, the high Sr/Y, Th/U, Sr and Ba of the apatite indicate that the magma source of the Weishan REE deposit was enriched lithospheric mantle, which have suffered the fluid metasomatism. Taken together with the Mesozoic tectono-magmatic activities, the NW and NWW subduction of Izanagi plate along with lithosphere delamination and thinning of the North China plate support the formation of the Weishan REE deposit. Accordingly, the mineralization model of the Weishan REE deposit was concluded: The spatial-temporal relationships coupled with rare and trace element characteristics for both carbonatite and syenite suggest that the carbonatite melt was separated from the CO2-rich silicate melt by liquid immiscibility. The G-1 calcites were crystallized from the carbonatite melt, which made the residual melt rich in rare earth elements. Due to the common origin of G-1 and G-2 calcites, the REE-rich magmatic hydrothermal was subsequently separated from the melt. After that, large numbers of rare earth minerals were produced from the magmatic hydrothermal stage. 相似文献
13.
新疆磁海铁矿区镁铁-超镁铁岩地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
磁海铁矿床地处塔里木盆地北缘北山成矿带内, 为一与镁铁-超镁铁岩有关的岩浆分异-矿浆贯入-热液交代型复成因铁矿床。对磁海矿区镁铁-超镁铁岩的岩石学特征和岩石地球化学特征等进行了较为系统的研究, 认为这套镁铁-超镁铁岩石属于铁质钙碱性玄武岩系列。稀土及微量元素特征与原始地幔成分接近,表明岩浆上升侵位过程中局部遭受陆壳混染。结合前人的研究成果, 认为该矿床形成于后碰撞拉张构造环境。原始岩浆的结晶分异和后期热液蚀变对磁海铁矿形成和富集起重要作用。 相似文献
14.
The sources and formation conditions of unconventional Zr–Nb–REE mineralisation (REE = rare earth elements) presently found in increasing number worldwide are still poorly constrained. One particular problem is the specific role of magmatic and hydrothermal processes active in various geological settings. Investigation of Zr–Nb–REE mineralisation at Khalzan Buregte and Tsakhir, Western Mongolia, enables to evaluate magmatic processes preceding economic mineralisation and, in a second step, to compare similar ore-forming processes developing in host rocks of contrasting rock composition (low- vs. high-silica rocks). The genesis of the Zr–Nb–REE mineralisation is re-assessed using field observations, whole rock analysis (chemical composition, quantitative modal analysis by X-ray diffraction) and by the application of various transmitted light and electron microscopic techniques. Coarse-grained intrusive bodies, dikes and volcanic rocks of alkaline, silica-saturated composition were found to be contemporarily emplaced at subvolcanic to volcanic levels forming four alkaline massifs within the Khalzan Buregte area. The whole rock composition of weakly altered magmatic rocks ranges from syenite to quartz monzonite and alkaline granite (alkali feldspar syenite to alkali feldspar granite according to their modal composition). Magmatic and at least two subsequent hydrothermal processes contributed significantly to the formation of economic concentrations of high field strength elements (HFSE) such as Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, REE and Y in the Khalzan Buregte deposit and in the nearby Tsakhir prospect. Mixing of magma from at least three sources and the formation of potassium feldspar cumulates resulted in local enrichment of Zr, Nb and light rare earth elements (LREE) in the rocks up to sub-economic levels. There was no significant increase in Y and heavy rare earth elements (HREE) during magmatism.Multistage metasomatic alteration resulted in a pronounced chemical and mineralogical heterogeneity of associated alteration assemblages. The main hosts of Zr and Hf in the ores are zircon and other zirconium silicates (gittinsite, catapleiite-(Ca) and elpidite). The rare metals Nb and Ta are mainly contained in various types of pyrochlore (Khalzan Buregte) and, to a lesser extent, in fergusonite and other minerals (Tsakhir). A large variety of REE- and Y-bearing minerals have been identified, including oxides, fluorocarbonates and silicates. Early hydrothermal alteration by silica- and carbonate-rich fluids yielded extreme concentrations of Zr, Nb and LREE. Later alteration resulted in enrichment of Y and HREE. In the latter case, fluids were very rich in fluorine. Our preliminary genetic model assumes a carbonatite-related fluid system responsible for the early alteration that occurred late during or postdating the intrusion/extrusion of the silica-saturated magmas. A “Li-F granite-type” fluid system was active during the late alteration. The interplay of all these processes resulted in the formation of a complex, economic Zr–Nb–REE mineralisation at Khalzan Buregte. 相似文献
15.
Zhou Taofa Wu Mingan Fan Yu Duan Chao Yuan Feng Zhang Lejun Liu Jun Qian Bing Franco Pirajno David R. Cooke 《Ore Geology Reviews》2011,43(1):154-169
The Middle-Lower Yangtze (Changjiang) River Valley metallogenic belt is located on the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton of eastern China. Most polymetallic deposits in the Changjiang metallogenic belt are clustered in seven districts where magmatism of Mesozoic age (Yanshanian tectono-thermal event) is particularly extensive. From west to east these districts are: E-dong, Jiu-Rui, Anqing-Guichi, Lu-Zong, Tong-Ling, Ning-Wu and Ning-Zhen. World-class iron ore deposits occur in the Lu-Zong and Ning-Wu ore clusters, which are mainly located in continental fault-bound volcanic-sedimentary basins. One of these deposits is the Longqiao iron deposit, discovered in the northern part of the Lu-Zong Basin in 1985. This deposit consists of a single stratabound and stratiform orebody, hosted in sedimentary carbonate rocks of the Triassic Dongma'anshan Formation. A syenite pluton (Longqiao intrusion) is situated below the deposit. The iron ore is massive and disseminated and the ore minerals are mainly magnetite and minor pyrite. Wall rock alteration mostly consists of skarn minerals, such as diopside, garnet, potassic feldspar, quartz, chlorite, phlogopite and anhydrite. Thin sedimentary siderite beds of Triassic age occur as relict laminated ore at the top and the margin of the magnetite orebody. These sideritic laminae are part of Triassic evaporite-bearing carbonate deposits (Dongma'anshan Formation).Sulfur isotopic compositions show that the sulfur in the deposit was derived from a mixture of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and carbonate–evaporite host rocks. Similarly, the C and O isotopic compositions of limestones from the Dongma'anshan Formation indicate that these rocks interacted with magmatic hydrothermal fluids. The O isotopic compositions of the syenitic rocks and minerals from the deposit show that the hydrothermal magnetite and skarn minerals were formed from magmatic fluids. The Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides are similar to those of the Longqiao syenite. Phlogopite coexisting with magnetite in the magnetite ores yielded a plateau age of 130.5 ± 1.1 Ma (2σ), whereas the LA-ICP MS age of the syenite intrusion is 131.1 ± 1.5 Ma, which is slightly older than the age of phlogopite.The Longqiao syenite intrusion may have crystallized from a parental alkaline magma, generated by partial melting of lithospheric mantle, during extensional tectonics. The ore fluids were probably first derived from magma at depth, later emplaced in the sedimentary rocks of the Dongma'anshan Formation, where it interacted with siderite and evaporite-bearing carbonate strata, resulting in the formation of magnetite and skarn minerals. The Longqiao iron deposit is a skarn-type stratabound and stratiform mineral system, genetically and temporally related to the Longqiao syenite intrusion. The Longqiao syenite is part of the widespread Mesozoic intracontinental magmatism (Yanshanian event) in eastern China, which has been linked to lithospheric delamination and asthenospheric upwelling. 相似文献
16.
新疆西天山查岗诺尔铁矿床磁铁矿和石榴石微量元素特征及其对矿床成因的制约 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
查岗诺尔大型磁铁矿床位于西天山阿吾拉勒东段,赋存于下石炭统大哈拉军山组安山岩及安山质火山碎屑岩之中,主体矿底板夹透镜状的大理岩,矿体主要为层状、似层状、透镜状。根据矿石组构和矿物共生特征,可以划分为岩浆期和热液期两个成矿期,后者包括矽卡岩和石英-硫化物两个亚成矿期,进一步可以细分为6个成矿阶段。岩浆期的磁铁矿∑REE很低,稀土配分模式大致呈轻稀土、重稀土较富集而中稀土亏损的U型,富Ti、V、Cr,表明铁质可能来自安山质岩浆的结晶分异作用; 矽卡岩亚成矿期的磁铁矿∑REE极低,略微富集LREE,其它稀土元素亏损强烈,贫Ti、V,略富集Ni、Co和Cu。矽卡岩亚期的含矿和无矿矽卡岩中的石榴石的稀土配分模式类似,∑REE含量相对较高,呈HREE富集、LREE亏损、弱正Eu异常的分布型式,显示了交代成因石榴石的特征,暗示与其共生的磁铁矿也是通过热液流体与围岩地层的交代反应生成的,铁质来自围岩。结合矿床地质与微量元素地球化学,认为查岗诺尔铁矿可能是岩浆型和矽卡岩型(主要)的复合叠加矿床。 相似文献
17.
吉伯特铁矿是新疆阿勒泰地区产于泥盆纪海相火山岩中的小型矿床。本文对吉伯特铁矿床的包裹体开展了研究,识别了熔体包裹体、熔体-流体包裹体以及富晶体的流体包裹体,并对其进行了初步的显微测温、激光拉曼光谱和电子探针等研究。熔体包裹体中含有富Si玻璃质、贫Si富Fe熔体、石英、萤石、方解石、磁铁矿等多种成分,它们分别组成不同的包裹体组合。熔体包裹体、熔体-流体包裹体和流体包裹体的存在表明它们被捕获时是一种熔体与流体共存的不混溶状态,这充分说明了吉伯特铁矿床的形成与岩浆熔体、岩浆-热液过渡性流体有直接的成因联系。吉伯特铁矿床中Fe的矿化是一个熔体相逐渐减少,流体相逐渐增加的连续演化过程,它受岩浆作用、岩浆-热液过渡性流体以及矽卡岩作用的共同制约。 相似文献
18.
WANG Yuwang WANG Jingbin WANG Lijuan WANG Yong TU Caineng Beijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources Beijing Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Research Institute of Geology Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Xinjiang Kalatongke Cu-Ni Mine Fuyun Xinjiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(2):396-403
On the basis of the study on the REE geochemistry of the ore minerals and host rocks of the Kalatongke Cu-Ni deposit, Xinjiang, it is indicated that the major ore minerals, sulfides, were sourced from the host mafic-ultramafic magma. Characterized by low REE content of sulfide, such a Cu-Ni sulfide deposit occurring in the orogen is obviously different from that on the margin of the craton. Because the mafic-ultramafic rocks from the Cu-Ni sulfide deposit occurring in the orogen is water-rich and the REEs of some sulfides show a particular "multiple-bending" pattern, which suggests coexistence of multiple liquid phases (fluid and melt), the sulfide melt possibly contains a great deal of hydrothermal fluids and increasingly developed gases and liquid-rich ore-forming fluids after the main metallogenic epoch (magmatic segregation stage). 相似文献
19.
火山-侵入杂岩带的成岩-成矿专属性 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
成岩成矿关系问题,特别是成矿作用与岩浆活动的专属性问题,一直是矿床学研究中的重要课题。粤东地区热液脉状锡、钨（多金属）矿床产于中生代花岗质火山岩、次火山岩和侵入岩组成的火山侵入杂岩带中,成岩年龄与成矿年龄一致,但矿床地质、矿床矿物流体包裹体和同位素地球化学没有相对标准来区分这些来源于岩浆作用不同阶段、不同产出状态岩浆岩的成矿物质特征,使得人们对于区内矿床成因的认识不一。文中运用稀土元素地球化学方法,着重探讨和对比了矿床矿石、蚀变岩石及与成矿有关的岩浆岩的稀土元素特征和配分型式,并进一步根据在不同压力条件下Ｃｌ－在熔体和热液间的分配系数实验数据和不同压力条件下热液与相应熔体平衡时的稀土元素分配系数实验结果,分别计算了厚婆坳锡矿床和莲花山钨矿床与矿区有关岩浆岩熔体平衡的热液中的稀土元素浓度并制出配分型式,再与矿床矿石及矿石矿物稀土元素配分型式比较,从而确定成矿与侵入阶段的花岗岩岩浆活动关系密切。区内矿床为岩浆热液矿床。研究结果表明,稀土元素作为热液流体来源的示踪剂能有效地确定火山侵入杂岩带的成岩成矿专属性。 相似文献
20.
赛马碱性杂岩体位于我国辽东半岛,是一个典型的铀-铌和稀土多金属矿化杂岩体,富含重稀土,其复杂的演化过程和稀土元素富集机制仍没有得到有效约束。本文对该碱性杂岩体中角闪辉石正长岩、正长岩、黑云正长岩、云霓霞石正长岩和异霞正长岩5类岩石及锆石的元素地球化学特征进行了系统研究,并开展了特征矿物包裹体的显微岩相学研究,旨在限定杂岩体母岩浆的演化路径,揭示稀土元素的富集机制。研究结果显示,赛马碱性杂岩体的母岩浆经历了由钾质碱性(角闪辉石正长岩、正长岩和黑云正长岩),到钾质过碱性(云霓霞石正长岩),向钠质过碱性(异霞正长岩)的充分演化。在演化过程中赛马碱性杂岩体母岩浆的体系状态发生了明显变化,碱性岩浆演化受流体不饱和的纯岩浆体系的控制,而过碱性岩浆岩则形成于流体过饱和的岩浆体系,且异霞正长岩母岩浆流体的饱和程度明显高于云霓霞石正长岩的母岩浆。研究还显示,钾质碱性岩浆稀土元素的地球化学行为主要受控于磷灰石等矿物的分离结晶,而成矿的钠质过碱性岩浆稀土、锆和铌等元素的富集成矿则主要受富CO_(2)的高盐度岩浆热液的控制。 相似文献