共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 578 毫秒
1.
痕量元素及其同位素采集、预处理和分析在海洋研究中具有重要的作用，由于含量极低，在采样、样品预处理及分析过程中容易受到外界污染源沾污。通过在一个20尺标准超高集装箱内制作一套移动式海水痕量元素洁净采集实验室，完成对实验室空间设计、空气质量控制，样品快速转移，实现水样上船后快速进入到洁净环境中，减少样品暴露在大气中时间，在洁净环境中高效完成样品取样、过滤和预处理等操作。所有操作满足GEOTRACES组织有关痕量元素采集的规范要求，从源头上保证分析测试结果的可靠性。 相似文献
2.
1研究意义痕量金属(trace metal),又称为痕量元素(trace element),是指在海水中浓度低于100μmol/kg的元素。痕量金属几乎参与了海洋生命的方方面面,从初级生产力中细胞质的形成到蛋白质的合成,几乎都离不开痕量金属。一些痕量金属,尤其是一些过渡金属,例如Mn、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu和Zn,对有机体的生长至关重要[1]。因此,海洋无机生物学家继对有机 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
黄、渤海是我国重要的海洋经济渔业开发区域,海水中痕量金属的含量及其存在形态会对海洋环境、海洋渔业产生重要影响。随着近年我国痕量金属采集与分析测试技术的发展,数据的准确性有了新的提升。2016-06—07采集黄、渤海40个站位的海水样品,测定其溶解态金属Cd的总浓度,并应用电化学方法(阳极溶出伏安法)分析Cd存在形态。结果表明,渤海海水中的总溶解态Cd浓度是南黄海海水中的2~3倍,这可能与渤海海水停留时间较长,水深较浅,周边较多河流输入有关。20%~92%以上的溶解态Cd是以有机络合物形态存在,以自由离子态存在的Cd浓度不超过100 pmol/L,低于Cd对浮游生物的毒性阈值。渤海比黄海的金属配体浓度高出2倍以上,高值出现在黄河口周围海域,表明黄河水携带较多有机配体输入。推测我国近海有机配体来源可能包括陆源输入、沉积物再悬浮的解析过程以及藻类分泌。研究还表明,黄、渤海海水中溶解态Cd的有机配体络合常数较其他海域的稍高,这与我国近海废、污水排放的有机络合配体类型有关。 相似文献
6.
海水水质监测是环境监测中的重要一环[1]。海水中痕量重金属元素地球化学研究现今仍面临两大挑战:一是痕量重金属元素有机和无机形态分析,二是海水中痕量重金属元素的含量测定[2]。海水的含盐量为35 g/dm3左右,基体中除了大量的NaCl外,还含有相当量的SO42-,Ca2+,Mg2+等离子及有机质。由于海水中溶解态重金属元素的含量基本上都在微克每立方分米量级或更低,在传统的分析方法中这部分元素含量的测定或受到严重的光谱干扰、或低于仪器检测限,定量分析相当困难。 相似文献
7.
黄、渤海几种溶解态痕量金属(Cu、Ni、Co、Zn)分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海水中的痕量金属在海洋生物地球化学循环中至关重要。本研究在严格采用痕量金属洁净(trace-metalclean)采样和分析测试技术的前提下,于2016年7月采集了渤海与黄海表、底层海水水样,获得黄、渤海几种痕量金属(Cu、Ni、Co、Zn)的空间分布特征。研究结果显示,黄、渤海海水中痕量金属的空间分布具有近岸高、远岸低的特点,体现了人类活动对近岸海域的影响,而其在局部海域的分布则受到沿岸流、冷水团、沉积物再悬浮过程以及生物过程等因素的影响。Cu、Ni、Co在黄、渤海海水中的分布特征较为类似,平均浓度由高到低依次为渤海北黄海南黄海,而溶解态Zn的分布则与其他几种金属不同,在黄、渤海平均浓度类似,整体偏低,具有其特殊性。本研究测定的几种痕量金属在黄、渤海海水中的浓度较以往报道数据偏低,其中易污染的痕量金属Zn的浓度更是低近1—3个数量级,体现了痕量洁净采样和测试方法的重要性。 相似文献
8.
9.
长江口稀土元素地球化学特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
河口地区是陆海相互作用最具特色的典型区域,这里陆地与海洋之间的物质和能量交换迅速,物理、化学和生物学过程之间的相互作用极其复杂,对河流迁移的化学信号起着过滤器的作用[1].利用稀土元素(REEs)化学性质相似而又有系统差别的特点可以进行河口区河海相互作用过程的地球化学研究[2].准确测定河口区溶解态、胶体态、悬浮颗粒态、沉积物态以及生物体中REEs是研究河海相互作用的关键.随着现代仪器分析技术的发展,准确测定河海相互作用过程中不同相态尤其是水体溶解态超痕量稀土元素含量成为可能[3~7],从而使稀土元素地球化学,尤其是河口稀土元素地球化学的研究得以深入[8~16]. 相似文献
10.
分别于1987年4,5,6月采集了福建九龙江口全盐度段表层悬浮物,测定了悬浮物含量及其中P,Se,Ca,Cd,Cu,Ti,Mn,V,Zn和Al等痕量生物元素的含量。在盐度为0—6之间,悬浮物主要是陆源的,其含量从200mg/L降至100mg/L,但各[元素/Al]值基本保持恒定。在盐度约大于6时,由于生物活动繁盛,这些痕量生物元素的[元素/Al]值都明显增大,表明这些元素随着九龙江口海洋浮游植物的生物过程而被结合到悬浮固相中去。“过剩”P和“过剩”Se浓度随盐度的变化情况进一步表明,[P/Al)和[有机硒/Al]值适合于作为海洋浮游植物摄取元素的灵敏诊断指标。 相似文献
11.
The results of an intercomparison of three types of sampling device and three types of hydrowire, used for the collection of seawater samples for trace metal analysis, are presented. These devices were intercompared in an international experiment involving member states of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission through the collection of mid-depth North Atlantic water samples at Panulirus Station near Bermuda. Of the commercially available sampling devices, modified GO-FLO samplers appear to yield the lowest concentration seawater samples with modified Niskin samplers having only slightly inferior capability. Both unmodified GO-FLO and Hydro-Bios samplers have similar, but generally poorer, abilities for the collection of uncontaminated samples. Of the three hydrowires intercompared, plastic-coated steel yields the lowest concentration samples for most metals. Kevlar and stainless-steel hydrowires appear to cause only slight contamination for some metals. Overall, the impression is obtained that differences between the levels of metals in the ocean reported by different laboratories is predominantly due to analytical, rather than sampling errors or artifacts. 相似文献
12.
Trace metals in seawater and copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern Taiwan coast 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The distribution, partitioning and concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) in seawater, including dissolved and particulate phases, and in copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern coast of Taiwan were investigated. Normalization of metal concentrations to the background metal concentration to yield relative enrichment factors (EF), which were used to evaluate the contamination of dissolved and particulate trace metals in seawater around the ocean outfall. The EF results indicated that the outfall area was significantly contaminated by dissolved Fe and Zn, and by particulate Fe, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. In addition, most trace metals were chiefly in the particulate phase. The average percentage of total metal concentrations (dissolved plus particulate phases) bound by suspended particulate matter followed the sequence Al(95%) = Mn(95%) > Pb(88%) > Cu(86%) > Fe(72%) > Zn(32%) > Cr(17.5%) > Cd(3.4%). Therefore, metal contamination is better evaluated in solid phase than in the dissolved phase. The concentration ranges of trace metals in the copepods, Temora turbinata, Oncaea venusta and Euchaeta rimana, near the outfall were: Cd, 0.23-1.81 microg g(-1); Cr, 16.5-195 microg g(-1); Cu, 14-160 microg g(-1); Fe, 256-7255 microg g(-1); Mn, 5.5-80.8 microg g(-1); Pb, 2.6-56.2 microg g(-1); Zn, 132-3891 microg g(-1); and Al, 0.21-1.13%. Aluminum, and probably Fe, seemed to be the major elements in copepods. The concentrations of trace metals in copepods, especially Temora turbinata, near the outfall were generally higher than those obtained in the background station. The mean increase in bioconcentration factor of metals in copepods ranged from 4 to 7 and followed the sequence Al(6.4) > Cu(6.2) > Fe(6.0) > Zn(5.7) > Pb(5.6) > Cr(5.5) > Cd(5.1) > Mn(4.7). Therefore, marine copepods in the waters of northern Taiwan can accumulate trace metals over background concentrations and act as contamination indicators. 相似文献
13.
Plankton samples have been carefully collected from a variety of marine environments for major and trace-chemical analysis. The samples were collected and handled under the rigorous conditions necessary to prevent contamination of the trace elements. Immediately after collection, the samples were subjected to a series of physical and chemical leaching-decomposition experiments designed to identify the major and trace element composition of the biogenic particulate matter. Emphasis was placed on the determination of the trace element/major element ratios in the various biogenic phases important in biogeochemical cycling.The majority of the trace elements in the samples were directly associated with the non-skeletal organic phases of the plankton. These associations include a very labile fraction which was rapidly released into seawater immediately after collection and a more refractory component which involved specific metal-organic binding. Calcium carbonate and opal were not significant carriers for any of the trace elements studied. A refractory phase containing aluminum and iron in terrigenous ratios was present in all samples, even from remote pelagic environments. This non-biogenic carrier contributed insignificant amounts to the other trace elements studied.The plankton samples were collected from surface waters with a wide range in the dissolved trace element/nutrient ratios, however, the same elemental ratios in the bulk plankton samples were relatively constant in all these environments. The bulk compositions and the rapid release of the metals and nutrient elements (specifically phosphorus) from the plankton after collection were used to examine the systematics of depletions of the dissolved elements from surface waters. These elemental ratios were combined with known fluxes of the major biogenic materials to estimate the significance of the plankton in the vertical flux of the trace elements. In parallel with the major surface ocean cycles of carbon and nitrogen, significant fractions of the trace elements taken up by primary producers must be rapidly regenerated in order to explain the observed elemental compositions and fluxes. 相似文献
14.
In order to design submarine optical-fiber cable, it is very important to clarify the cable tension and fiber elongation during laying because the fiber elongation allowance is very small. When submarine cable is being laid from a cable ship, cable weight in water plus such additional tension as bottom tension caused by the negative slack and tension due to ship motion work upon the cable [1]. Cable tension changes during laying were theoretically studied. This paper quantitatively clarifies bottom tension dependence at the touchdown point caused by the negative slack upon both water depth and ship velocity. It is shown that the shallower the water depth is and the faster the ship velocity is, the larger the bottom tension is. The theoretical bottom tension showed good agreement with the experimental value measured during sea trials on laying submarine optical-fiber cable [2], [3]. This paper also describes the correlation between cable, ship motion, and cable tension vibration by examining experimental results. It quantitatively clarifies the tension vibration magnitude. 相似文献
15.
This paper describes the results of a recent international intercalibration experiment for trace metals in seawater. The results show that considerable improvements in analytical ability have been made for several metals at concentrations close to those found in offshore marine waters. Some systematic differences between the results of analyses of frozen and acidified samples are evident for most metals. The application of two different analytical techniques, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and anodic stripping voltammetry, appears to introduce relatively small differences in the results for copper and cadmium at near-natural concentrations.Two factors limiting our ability to conduct trace metal intercalibrations at the levels found in the deep ocean are the extent of tolerable contamination, especially for zinc and lead, and the degree to which the overall homogeneity of a group of intercalibration samples can be assured. Some reexamination of methods of sample preparation needs to be carried out before such low level calibrations can be effectively conducted. 相似文献
16.
The understanding of the distribution of trace heavy metals in the world ocean has greatlyimProved in the past decades. But most of the data are of vertical profiles of certain stations(Bruland, l980; Paul et al., l992; RObert et al., l990) and large--scale study of temporaland spatial variability of trace heaVy metals in the ocean is rather few. In fact, affected by ver-tical mixing by upwelling or convection, biogenic removal, atmospheric fallout and continentalinput frorn rivers, the dist… 相似文献
17.
南海表层水中的溶解态Cu,Pb, Zn,Cd 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
于1998年“南海海洋环境调查”外业工作期间在南海的各个站位,按照严格的防沾污措施采集了106个表层海水样品.采用溶剂萃取-石墨炉原子吸收法对样品中的痕量重金属Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd含量进行了分析测试.测得各重金属的平均值如下:Cu 0.100 μg/dm3,Pb 0.060μg/dm3,Zn 0.086 μg/dm3,Cd 0.007μg/dm3,接近世界大洋水的浓度水平.各重金属的空间分布呈现出海区周边含量高于中央,浓度有自近岸向远海逐渐减小的趋势.相关分析的结果表明各重金属夏季相关性优于冬季,Cu与Cd存在良好的正相关关系,并且首次在南海表层水发现Cu,Cd与营养盐的相关关系.将重金属浓度值作数理统计分析,得到它们在南海的基线值. 相似文献
18.
Worldwide estuarine ecosystems are by their privileged geographic location, anthropogenically impacted systems. Heavy metal contamination in estuarine waters and sediments are well known to be one of the most important outcomes driven from human activities. The partitioning of these elements has been widely focused, due to its importance not only on the estuarine biogeochemistry but also on its bioavailability to the trophic webs. As observed in other estuaries, in the Tagus basin, no increase in the partition coefficients with the increasing suspended particulate matter concentrations was observed, mostly due to a permanent dilution process of the suspended matter, rich in heavy metals and less contaminated and resuspended bottom sediments. Another important outcome of this study was the common origin of all the analysed heavy metals, probably due to the large industrialization process that the margins of the Tagus estuary suffered in the past, although no relationship was found with the presence of the different discharge areas. In fact, metal partitioning seems to be mostly influenced by the chemical species in which the pollutant is delivered to the system and on water chemistry, with a higher emphasis on the metal cycling essentially between the particulate and dissolved phase. This partitioning system acquires a relevant importance while evaluating the impacts of marine construction and the associated dredging operations, and consequent changes in the estuarine water chemistry. 相似文献