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Automatic phase picking is a critical procedure for seismic data processing, especially for a huge amount of seismic data recorded by a large-scale portable seismic array. In this study is presented a new method used for automatic accurate onset phase picking based on the proporty of dense seismic array observations. In our method, the Akaike＇s information criterion （AIC） for the single channel observation and the least-squares cross-correlation for the multi-channel observation are combined together. The tests by the seismic array observation data after triggering with the short-term average/long-term average （STA/LTA） technique show that the phase picking error is less than 0.3 s for local events by using the single channel AIC algorithm. In terms of multi-channel least-squares cross-correlation technique, the clear teleseismic P onset can be detected reliably. Even for the teleseismic records with high noise level, our algorithm is also able to effectually avoid manual misdetections. 相似文献
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Teleseismic receiver function using stacking and smoothing of multi seismic-records at a single station 
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下载免费PDF全文 Receiver functions (RFs) obtained using teleseismic wave records at a seismic station and synthetic seismograms indicate that RF with a single teleseismic wave record is related to the selection of record section and to the calculating parameters of the RF. The scatter noise contained in the seismogram also affects the quality of RF. A new method for calculating receiver function, stacking and smoothing multi-seismic records in a single station, is presented in this paper. The RF results using some records and some synthetic seismograms with different noises indicate prominent mantle discontinuity and thus prove that the method is effective and satisfied. 相似文献
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Source side seismic tomography(3STomo):A novelmethod to image the subsurface structure beneath seismically active region 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 We propose a novel seismic tomography method,Source Side Seismic Tomography(3STomo),which is designed particularly to image the subsurface structure beneath seismically active regions.Unlike the teleseismic tomography,in which the data are relative traveltime residuals between closely spaced stations for each teleseismic event,3STomo uses relative traveltime shifts between earthquakes within the study region for each distant station.Given the relatively evener distribution of global seismic stations,this method has unique advantages for imaging the structure beneath regions that have numerous earthquakes but lack of dense seismic stations,for example,some subduction zones and spreading ridges in the ocean.In addition,3STomo has potentially better vertical resolution at shallow depths than the traditional teleseismic tomography.The effect of the inaccurate source parameters on its resolution can be minimized by using depth phases and the technique of joint source and structure inversion.Numerical experiments and application to Luzon Island,Philippines show that 3STomo can be a valuable tool to investigate the subsurface structure beneath some areas where the traditional method cannot be applied to,or at least it can be used as a complementary component of conventional teleseismic tomography to obtain better back-azimuth coverage and achieve higher resolution at shallow depths in the inversion. 相似文献
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远震虚震源反射成像方法利用远震初至波在台网之下地表与地下界面间形成的反射波(PPdp震相)波形资料进行台网地区地震反射结构研究.此方法先用台网各台站的平均初至波形求取震源信号,再用该震源信号与各道地震记录作反褶积从而取得反射剖面.本文介绍了远震虚震源反射成像的基本原理和实现步骤,并以三峡地区的观测资料为例,得到三峡库首区上地壳的反射地震剖面.成像剖面中解释出的四川盆地和秭归盆地的底界面位置和形态与地表地质观测和大地构造背景吻合.为验证虚震源成像的能力,本文使用弹性波正演模拟合成地震数据,经过处理实际资料一样的步骤获得虚震源成像结果.正演模拟表明,叠加多个远震的反射地震剖面可以有效地改善成像的信噪比和连续性;虚震源成像需要选择特定的震源频率范围,以减轻高频噪音以及低频造成的成像问题.在研究上地壳结构时,建议在不适合主动源采集和缺乏低频信号的地区尝试远震虚震源方法. 相似文献
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Introduction The azimuth and slowness are two major features of seismic signals. The accurate estimation of them is quite important for both phase identification and event location. Generally, there are two types of seismic stations, i.e. 3-component stations (3C) and arrays. To estimate the two direc-tional parameters, the polarization analysis (Jurkevics, 1988) is commonly used for 3C stations and the frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis ( f-k) (Capon, 1969; Kvaerna, Doornbos, 1986) is … 相似文献
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偏振分析可以定量描述地震波的质点运动。 P波质点运动在水平方向上发生偏振, 使得传播方向会偏离台站与地震震源之间大圆弧的方向。 P波偏振分析可以用来约束地下结构以及反映地震各向异性, 提供与剪切波分裂等手段不同的证据。 本文介绍并使用主成分分析(Principle Component Analysis, PCA)的方法, 计算了单一地震台的P波偏振, 同时, 利用谐和分析, 对台站下方的各向异性进行了分析。 将P波偏振分析应用到中国数字地震台网(China Digital Seismograph Network, CDSN)的四个台站10年左右的数据, 筛选并分析了震相清晰、 信噪比高的远震三分量初至P波的质点运动, 拟合出四个台站接收到的地震事件后方位角与P波水平偏离角度之间的三角函数曲线, 计算出拉萨台、 昆明台下方上地幔各向异性的偏振方向分别为66°和57°, 大致呈现北东东方向。 相似文献
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利用小湾电站水库诱发地震台网之青华地震台记录到的93个远震地震事件,挑选其中效果较好的55个远震地震事件进行接收函数的计算,研究同一个台站下方地壳厚度随反方位角的变化情况。结果表明:①在青华地震台下方地壳平均厚度约为40.5 km;②不同方位的远震事件反映出台站下方不同方位的地壳厚度存在差异;③青华地震台下方地壳厚度存在由南向北逐渐增厚的特点,而东西向的横向变化不明显;④青华地震台反方位角在112°附近区域地壳厚度变化异常明显。 相似文献
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利用国家地震台网及中国地震局ldquo;十五rdquo;期间在新疆地区布设的宽频地震台站记录到的远震波形数据,采用最小能量法和旋转相关法分别对SKS、 SKKS震相进行了偏振分析,计算了台站下方介质各向异性的分裂参数:快波的偏振方向（phi;）和慢波延迟时间（delta;t）．研究结果表明,塔里木盆地北缘、天山造山带和阿尔泰造山带大多数台站的快波偏振方向与台站下方构造走向方向接近,其快慢波分裂延迟介于0.8——1.8 s之间. 这与印度 欧亚碰撞导致的岩石圈缩短有关．相比而言,塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地内部的各向异性强度明显要弱,表明其自前寒武形成以来并没有经历强烈的变形作用．阿尔金断裂带附近台站下方各向异性快波方向与断裂带的走向具有很强的相关性,表明该断裂已经切穿整个岩石圈． 相似文献
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C. H. Thurber 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2003,160(3-4):717-737
— A pair of papers in 1976 lead-authored by Kei Aki heralded the beginning of the field of seismic tomography of the lithosphere. The 1976 paper by Aki, Christoffersson, and Husebye introduced a simple and approximate yet elegant technique for using body-wave arrival times from teleseismic earthquakes to infer the three-dimensional (3-D) seismic velocity heterogeneities beneath a seismic array or network (teleseismic tomography). Similarly, a 1976 paper by Aki and Lee presented a method for inferring 3-D structure beneath a seismic network using body-wave arrival times from local earthquakes (local earthquake tomography). Following these landmark papers, many dozens of papers and numerous books have been published presenting exciting applications of and/or innovative improvements to the methods of teleseismic and local earthquake tomography, many by Aki's students.¶This paper presents a brief review of these two types of tomography methods, discussing some of the underlying assumptions and limitations. Thereafter some of the significant methodological developments are traced over the past two and a half decades, and some of the applications of tomography that have reaped the benefits of these developments are highlighted. One focus is on the steady improvement in structural resolution and inference power brought about by the increased number and quality of seismic stations, and in particular the value of utilizing shear waves. The paper concludes by discussing exciting new scientific projects in which seismic tomography will play a major role — the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) and USArray, the initial components of Earthscope. 相似文献
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本文尝试直接利用地震图记录中的Ps转换波,而非传统的接收函数方法,检测地壳介质的各向异性.虽然远震记录中的P波对Ps转换波会有干扰,但P波与Ps转换波具有不同的偏振特性,最小能量法可以将Ps转换波的各向异性参数检测出来,对时间窗的选择也很强壮.本文利用IC台网（New China Digital Seismograph Network,中国新数字地震台网）中的KMI,ENH,LSA,BJT,XAN,WMQ六个台站接收的宽频远震记录进行了测试,并且对比了接收函数方法的结果.研究表明,利用最小能量法直接测量与利用旋转相关法测量接收函数中Ps转换波的结果基本一致.两种方法测量所得的快波偏振方向与地壳运动方向,最大水平主压应力方向,震源机制解压缩轴方向,最大主压应变率方向以及已有的各向异性研究结果基本一致. 相似文献
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通过分析首都圈数字地震台网的49个宽频带和甚宽带台站的远震SKS波形资料,采用最小切向能量的网格搜索法和叠加分析方法,求得每一个台站的SKS快波偏振方向和快、慢波的时间延迟,获得了首都圈地区上地幔各向异性图象.首都圈地区的各向异性快波方向基本上呈WNW-ESE方向,快、慢波时间延迟为0.56-1.56 s.研究表明,首都圈地区上地幔存在明显的各向异性,引起各向异性的主要原因是研究区受太平洋板块俯冲作用下软流圈物质变形,使得上地幔橄榄岩等晶体的晶格优势取向沿物质流动方向.另外,中国大陆受印度板块与欧亚板块的强烈碰撞,大陆西部地壳增厚隆起,同时造成物质东向挤出,使得首都圈地区上地幔物质沿快波方向变形.通过研究区各向异性快波方向和伸展运动方向与GPS测量得到的速度场对比分析,首都圈地区壳幔变形可能具有垂直连贯变形特征. 相似文献
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Xuanhui Yang Yu Jeffrey Gu Ping Shen Xiqiang Liu Zhizhen Zheng 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(8):1515-1536
Signal extraction from overlapping seismic records is a common problem in geophysical data analysis. Identification and separation
of multiple seismic arrivals, analysis of large earthquakes as multiple point sources, and calculation of the true yield of
a large nuclear explosion from interfering small explosion, all hinge on our ability to effectively decouple two interfering
wave signals. This paper presents a method for signal separation based on an adaptive filtering technique. We apply a semi-deconvolution
algorithm to overlapping explosion records and S/SKS phase groups, and then perform noise reduction and signal decoupling
under different a priori conditions and assess the stabilities using a variance reduction approach. We demonstrate, through numerical experiments
and analysis of seismic station records, that the adaptive method can be both robust and practical for regional and teleseismic
applications. 相似文献
15.
Inversion of single-station teleseismic P-wave polarization data for the velocity structure of Beijing area 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Broadband three-component seismic data recorded by Beijing station (BJI) of CDSN were used to calculate P-wave polarization
of teleseismic events. These polarization data were then used in the inversion for the underground structure around the Beijing
station, especially for the details of velocity discontinuities. The result shows that a conspicuous low velocity zone exists
in the crust on the west of the station, which is in good agreement with previous studies. It proves the theory that polarization
data could be applied to inversion for velocity structures, especially for boundaries with large velocity gradient. It also
demonstrates the feasibility of velocity structure inversion with polarization data from high-quality broadband data recorded
by a single station. Therefore, travel-times and polarization data can be jointly used to study velocity structure. Polarization
data are more suitable for delineating the boundary of velocity anomalies. Moreover, if the polarization method is combined
with receiver function method to fully exploit their complementarity, it is possible to obtain the lateral velocity variation
around the station as well as the detailed vertical variation below the station. 相似文献
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远震全波形层析成像能获得研究区域下方岩石圈乃至地幔过渡带高分辨率速度结构,是研究地球深部构造与动力学过程的有效工具.该类方法需以高精度及长时程远震波场正演模拟为基础,这为设计高精度长时程稳定的正演算法带来了挑战.在此背景之下,本文提出了一种适用于远震波场模拟的保结构算法.该方法采用谱元法（SEM）对研究区域进行空间离散,在不考虑耗散项情况下,将空间离散后的常微分方程变换为哈密顿系统形式,采用保辛分部龙格-库塔方法数值求解.在三级保辛分部龙格-库塔算法基础上添加额外空间离散项,得到修正辛算法.本文将该时间-空间全离散形式称为修正辛-谱元法（SSEM）,并将SSEM算法与频率波数域（FK）方法结合,发展了可模拟高频远震波场在局域模型内传播的SSEM-FK混合方法.该方法结合了FK方法模拟层状介质中平面波传播的高效性和SSEM计算复杂介质中弹性波传播的精确性.数值实验表明,SSEM-FK能够准确模拟高频远震波场在研究区域内的传播,结合该方法在计算效率上的优势,可为高效、高精度的远震全波形层析成像打下基础. 相似文献
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利用中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室在川西地区布设的大规模密集流动宽频带地震台阵记录的远震P波波形数据,分别采用波形互相关和加权叠加方法研究了地壳各向异性。作为初步结果,得到了龙门山断裂两侧4个宽频带流动台站的接收函数莫霍面Ps转换震相快波方向和分裂时间延迟。结果表明:1)波形互相关方法总体上优于方位加权叠加方法,它不但可以给出快波方位,而且可以给出快慢波的时间延迟;方位加权叠加方法测量结果存在不确定性,其原因在于难以确定介质各向异性对称轴的方位;同时采用上述2种不同方法研究地壳各向异性参数有助于判断测量结果的可靠性;2)四川盆地内快波偏振方位基本一致,表明四川盆地地壳整体性较好,横向非均匀变形较弱;3)以汶川地震主震的震中区为界,松潘-甘孜地块北侧快波偏振方位与龙门山断裂近于平行,表明在四川盆地坚硬地壳的阻挡作用下,龙门山断裂附近松潘-甘孜地块北侧可能存在中下地壳软弱物质沿断层向NE方向的扩张变形,而其南侧处于正向挤压的状态。该结果有助于解释汶川MS8.0地震的单侧破裂过程及其余震发育的特征 相似文献
18.
A. Amato L. Margheriti R. Azzara A. Basili C. Chiarabba M. G. Ciaccio G. B. Cimini M. Di Bona A. Frepoli F. P. Lucente C. Nostro G. Selvaggi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1998,151(2-4):479-493
—In the last decade temporary teleseismic transects have become a powerful tool for investigating the crustal and upper mantle structure. In order to gain a clearer picture of the lithosphere-asthenosphere structure in peninsular Italy, between 1994 and 1996, we have deployed three teleseismic transects in northern, central, and southern Apennines, in the framework of the project GeoModAp (European Community contract EV5V-CT94–0464). Some hundreds of teleseisms were recorded at each deployment which lasted between 3 and 4 months. Although many analyses are still in progress, the availability of this high quality data allowed us to refine tomographic images of the lithosphere-asthenosphere structure with an improved resolution in the northern and central Apennines, and to study the deformation of the upper mantle looking at seismic anisotropy through shear-wave splitting analysis. Also, a study of the depth and geometry of the Moho through the receiver function technique is in progress. Tomographic results from the northernmost 1994 and the central 1995 teleseismic experiments confirm that a high-velocity anomaly (HVA) does exist in the upper 200–250 km and is confined to the northern Apenninic arc. This HVA, already interpreted as a fragment of subducted lithosphere is better defined by the new temporary data, compared to previous works, based only on data from permanent stations. No clear high-velocity anomalies are detected in the upper 250 km below the central Apennines, suggesting either a slab window due to a detachment below southern peninsular Italy, or a thinner, perhaps continental slab of Adriatic lithosphere not detectable by standard tomography. We found clear evidence of seismic anisotropy in the uppermost mantle, related to the main tectonic processes which affected the studied regions, either NE–SW compressional deformation of the lithosphere beneath the mountain belt, or arc-parallel asthenospheric flow (both giving NW–SE fast polarization direction), and successive extensional deformation (～E–W trending) in the back-arc basin of northern Tyrrhenian and Tuscany. Preliminary results of receiver function studies in the northern Apennines show that the Moho depth is well defined in the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic regions while its geometry underneath the mountain belt is not yet well constrained, due to the observed high complexity. 相似文献
19.
辐射能量是独立于地震矩的一个重要的震源参数,在地震危险性和地震危害的评估工作中具有重要的实际意义。目前国际上常用的地震辐射能量的测定是利用Boatwright and Choy和Choy and Boatwright的方法,测定的均是Ms≥5.5以上地震的辐射能量。考虑到辽宁地震台网分布不均匀的情况,本文尝试利用单台宽频带波形资料进行中小地震辐射能量的测定。选用营口台记录的岫岩地震序列的宽频带波形资料,分析地震波形横向分量上的SH波及其后续震相,对每个地震去除场地效应和几何扩散效应,并进行辐射花样因子和非弹性衰减校正。衰减因子Q值的确定是通过与震源参数fc、Ω0的联合反演得到的。最后分析了地震辐射能量与震级ML的关系,总体上,地震辐射能量与震级呈正比。 相似文献
20.
利用甘肃和青海两省固定宽频带地震台记录的远震波形资料,挑选高质量SKS震相,联合使用最小切向能量方法和旋转互相关方法获得230对高信噪比分裂参数;同时对接收函数中Pms震相随方位角的变化进行拟合,得到了24个台站的地壳各向异性分裂参数.整个区域SKS分裂快波方向均值为123°,Pms分裂快波方向均值为132°,且大部分区域SKS、Pms快波方向与地表构造走向相一致,说明青藏高原东北缘以岩石圈垂直连贯变形为主,地壳上地幔相互耦合.SKS、Pms分裂时差均值分别为1.0s和0.6s,显示地壳各向异性对于SKS分裂时差有较大贡献.昆仑断裂附近Pms、SKS分裂快波方向与昆仑断裂走向基本一致,说明昆仑断裂可能是岩石圈尺度深大断裂;而阿尔金断裂东缘二者快波方向显著差异意味着阿尔金断裂在东缘可能仅为地壳尺度的断裂. 相似文献