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1.
东北亚近100年降水变化及未来10~15年预测研究   总被引:19,自引:3,他引:16  
利用中国北方22个站点降水观测资料,检验了英国东英格兰大学气候研究中心的CRU05降水资料的可信度,与同类资料相比,该套资料具有较高的时间和空间分辨率。分析发现,20世纪中国东部地区和20世纪中后期西部地区的降水资料具有较高的可信度。利用这套资料分析了东北亚地区近100年降水变化规律,发现中国北方年降水量普遍存在3年、10年和30年左右的周期振荡,20世纪的几个主要干旱时期和多雨时期是由于降水的年际变化和年代际变化共同影响的结果,特大干旱都是发生在降水年代际变化的少雨时期和年际变化的少雨时期同时出现的阶段。将东北亚降水划分为10个主要区域,即中亚及北疆区、华北及西北东部区、蒙古中北部区、河西走廊及蒙古西部区、黑龙江东部区、大兴安岭西部区、中亚北部区、南疆及柴达木盆地区、东北南部区和阿尔泰山北部区。分析还发现,中国北方的干旱半干旱区不是孤立的,它与蒙古干旱区和中亚干旱区连在一起。在主要振荡周期分析的基础上,对中国北方未来10~15年降水变化趋势做了预测研究。  相似文献   

2.
利用我国1951~2000年夏季降水观测资料分析了我国夏季降水的年代际变化特征,表明了我国夏季降水在1976年前后发生了一次明显的气候跃变,在1976年之后华北地区和黄河流域夏季降水明显减少,出现了严重持续干旱,而西北地区从20世纪70年代后期开始,降水增多,且西北地区降水振荡位相要超前于华北地区降水振荡位相5~8年。并且,本文从1960~2000年我国西北干旱、半干旱区的地温、气温观测资料分析了我国西北干旱、半干旱地区的地气温差(Ts-Ta)的变化特征,其结果表明了在20世纪70年代后期以前,我国西北干旱、半干旱地区的地气温差大部分年份偏低,低于平均值,而从70年代后期之后到2000年,我国西北干旱、半干旱地区的地气温差偏高。此外,本文还分析了西北干旱区地气温差变化的最大地区新疆西部春季地气温差与我国夏季降水的相关关系,其正相关区分别位于西北地区、东北地区和长江流域,而负相关区分别位于华北地区东部和西南地区,这表明我国西北干旱、半干旱区春季地气温差可能是华北地区夏季降水年代际变化的原因之一。  相似文献   

3.
近50年环渤海地区夏季降水时空变化特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
根据环渤海地区1961-2008年夏季60个测站逐日降水资料序列,使用EOF和REOF方法将环渤海地区划分为4个区域,分析了近50年来环渤海不同区域夏季降水的时空变化特征.结果表明,环渤海地区夏季降水存在明显的区域一致性以及年际和年代际变化特征,降水总体呈下降趋势;各区夏季降水都存在2~3年的年际周期,辽东半岛和环渤海北部区域存在10~11年、环渤海西部和山东半岛存在14~15年的年代际周期;辽东半岛在20世纪60年代后期,山东半岛在70年代初期都发生了降水由多到少的显著突变,而环渤海北部和西部地区在90年代后期降水出现显著突变.  相似文献   

4.
周连童  黄荣辉 《大气科学》2008,32(6):1276-1288
利用1951~2000年我国西北干旱、 半干旱区地温、 气温和表面风场逐日4个时次 (02、 08、 14和20时) 的台站观测资料, 计算并分析了我国西北干旱、 半干旱区春、 夏季感热的年代际变化特征。分析结果表明: 中国西北干旱、 半干旱区春、 夏季感热输送出现相反的年代际变化特征, 春季感热从20世纪70年代中期开始增强, 而夏季感热却减弱了。并且还分析了中国西北干旱、 半干旱区4月感热与中国夏季降水的相关关系, 其结果表明了中国西北干旱、 半干旱区的春季感热输送与中国夏季降水有很好的相关关系, 其中正相关区分别位于东北地区和长江中下游地区, 而负相关区分别位于华北地区和西南地区。作者还利用欧洲中心 (ECMWF) 1958~2000年再分析资料分析水平和垂直环流的年代际变化特征, 在1977~2000年期间, 中国西北地区春季感热增强, 使此地区上升气流增强, 华北地区上空下沉气流增强, 不利于华北地区夏季降水偏多, 并出现持续性干旱, 而长江流域的上升气流增强有利于长江中下游地区夏季降水增多, 出现洪涝。因此, 西北地区春季感热异常可以作为我国夏季降水的一个预报因子。  相似文献   

5.
近50年青藏高原东部降水的时空变化特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
胡豪然  梁玲 《四川气象》2013,(4):1-7,15
选用1967~2012年青藏高原东部60个站点的降水资料,分析了该地区降水的时空演变特征,结果表明:高原东部降水呈由东南向西北递减的态势,高值区位于西藏东部和川西高原,低值区位于柴达木盆地;降水场可以划分为八个小区,分别是西藏东部和川西高原西部区、藏南谷地区、青南高原区、柴达木盆地区、藏北高原区、川西高原北部区、青藏高原东南缘区以及青海东北部区.年降水表现出强增加趋势,20世纪60年代后期到90年代后期相对偏少,20世纪末以来相对偏多;除川西高原北部区外,其余各区不同程度的表现出增加趋势.春季降水表现出“偏少~偏多”的年代际变化特征,在1995年附近发生由少到多的突变,20世纪60年代后期到90年代中期相对偏少,90年代后期以来相对偏多;八个分区均不同程度的表现出增加趋势.夏季降水呈增加趋势,20世纪60年代后期到90年代后期相对偏少,20世纪末以来相对偏多;八个分区均不同程度的表现出增加趋势.秋季降水的线性趋势趋近于零且没有表现出年代际变化特征;除川西高原北部区呈减少趋势外,各区均不同程度的表现出增加趋势.冬季降水表现出“偏少~偏多~偏少”的年代际变化特征,分别在1986和1996年附近发生由少到多和由多到少的突变,20世纪60年代后期到80年代中期相对偏少,80年代后期到90年代中期相对偏多,90年代后期以来相对偏少;除西藏东部和川西高原西部区及青海东北部区外,各区均不同程度的表现出“偏少~偏多~偏少”的年代际变化特征.  相似文献   

6.
利用贵阳市1963—2017年的降水观测资料,采用M-K检验及谐波分析等统计方法对贵阳地区年降水变化特征进行了分析,并且建立了基于谐波分析方法得到的贵阳市降水预测模型。结果表明:①贵阳地区近55 a的年降水量呈递减趋势,但变化不显著。另外贵阳地区年降水存在显著的年代际变化特征,并且在1980年左右发生年代际突变,降水由之前的偏多转为偏少;②贵阳地区的年降水量存在显著的准2~3 a的年际周期振荡以及准25 a和7 a的年代际周期振荡;③基于谐波分析得到的贵阳市降水预测模型能有效预测贵阳市未来的年降水变化趋势,并且对一些突出的旱涝年也能较好的模拟和预测出来,该模型预测效果良好,可在实际业务中应用。  相似文献   

7.
利用1951~2017年我国西南地区26个台站的降水观测资料,本文研究了该地区春季及其各月降水的基本气候特征。结果表明:5月是春季我国西南地区降水最多的月份,其占春季总降水的55.3%,此外,5月降水年际变化强度最大;西南地区春季及其各月降水均具有显著的年代际变化特征,5月降水在春季降水的年代际变化特征中占据主导地位;在年代际突变特征方面,西南地区春季降水存在显著的年代际突变特征,其在1970年代后期发生了减少突变,而在1990年代中后期发生了增加突变;在变化趋势方面,春季西南区域平均降水的变化趋势不明显,但从空间上看,西南地区东部表现出显著增多的趋势,而西部则表现出显著减少的趋势;在周期方面,西南地区春季及其4~5月降水均具有显著的年际和年代际变化周期,需要说明的是,3月降水没有明显的年代际变化周期,总体上看,5月降水在春季降水周期变化中占据主导地位。  相似文献   

8.
中国北方干旱区地表湿润状况的趋势分析   总被引:85,自引:3,他引:85  
马柱国  符淙斌 《气象学报》2001,59(6):737-746
利用 1 95 1~ 1 997年中国 1 6 0站月降水和平均气温资料 ,通过计算的地表湿润指数 Hi =PPe(P为观测的月降水总量 ,Pe为月最大潜在蒸发 ) ,对比分析了中国华北、西北两个典型干旱区区域平均地表湿润指数的年代年际变化特征及季节性差异 ,并讨论了它与降水和气温的联系。最后 ,给出了地表湿润指数年及各季节变化趋势的地理分布。研究表明 :西北西部和华北地区的年际及年代际变化趋势基本相反 ,前者地表为变湿趋势 ,后者为变干趋势。华北地区的干化趋势主要发生在夏秋季节 ,而西北除东部的秋季和西部的夏季外 ,其它季节均存在变湿趋势  相似文献   

9.
近50年青藏高原东部降水的时空变化特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
选用1967~2012年青藏高原东部60个站点的降水资料,分析了该地区降水的时空演变特征,结果表明:高原东部降水呈由东南向西北递减的态势,高值区位于西藏东部和川西高原,低值区位于柴达木盆地;降水场可以划分为八个小区,分别是西藏东部和川西高原西部区、藏南谷地区、青南高原区、柴达木盆地区、藏北高原区、川西高原北部区、青藏高原东南缘区以及青海东北部区。年降水表现出强增加趋势,20世纪60年代后期到90年代后期相对偏少,20世纪末以来相对偏多;除川西高原北部区外,其余各区不同程度的表现出增加趋势。春季降水表现出“偏少~偏多”的年代际变化特征,在1995年附近发生由少到多的突变,20世纪60年代后期到90年代中期相对偏少,90年代后期以来相对偏多;八个分区均不同程度的表现出增加趋势。夏季降水呈增加趋势,20世纪60年代后期到90年代后期相对偏少,20世纪末以来相对偏多;八个分区均不同程度的表现出增加趋势。秋季降水的线性趋势趋近于零且没有表现出年代际变化特征;除川西高原北部区呈减少趋势外,各区均不同程度的表现出增加趋势。冬季降水表现出“偏少~偏多~偏少”的年代际变化特征,分别在1986和1996年附近发生由少到多和由多到少的突变,20世纪60年代后期到80年代中期相对偏少,80年代后期到90年代中期相对偏多,90年代后期以来相对偏少;除西藏东部和川西高原西部区及青海东北部区外,各区均不同程度的表现出“偏少~偏多~偏少”的年代际变化特征。   相似文献   

10.
降水是中国西北干旱区水资源的重要组成部分,利用合理方法有效认识降水的区域变化规律对指导农业发展尤为重要。基于新疆16个国际交换站1961-2012年降水距平时间序列,利用集合经验模态分解(EEMD)方法,分析了新疆降水变化趋势的多尺度特征,并对其空间差异进行了初步探讨。近50多年来,新疆降水量整体上呈现出非线性的显著增多趋势,且其变化存在明显的年际尺度(3年和6年准周期)和年代际尺度(10年和31年准周期);各周期分量方差贡献率显示年际变化在新疆降水变化中占据主导地位,重构的降水年际变化趋势能精细刻画原始降水序列在研究时期内的波动状况;降水年代际变化揭示了新疆降水在1985年前后气候模态有了显著转换,由原来降水以负相位为主的气候模态转向正相位显著的气候模态;此外,降水变化趋势和转折时间均具有明显的区域差异。EEMD方法有助于加深人们对新疆降水多尺度变化特征的认识,是一种适用于非线性、非平稳信号分析的有效方法。  相似文献   

11.
NCEP/NCAR再分析资料在青藏铁路沿线气候变化研究中的适用性   总被引:24,自引:11,他引:13  
魏丽  李栋梁 《高原气象》2003,22(5):488-494
通过对青藏铁路沿线8个常规气象站的温度和降水观测资料与NCEP/NCAR再分析资料的对比,详细地考查了再分析资料用于青藏铁路沿线气候变化研究的可行性。统计对比分析表明:再分析资料可较好地反映地面气温及降水的年变化特征,可基本反映其年际变率和年际间的差异。然而,再分析的气温值系统性低于实际观测值,降水量则系统性偏大;再分析资料得出的近40年气温长期变化趋势误差较大,降水的长期趋势特别是年降水有一定的参考价值。总体而言,再分析的气温好于降水,青藏铁路沿线主体好于两端,再分析资料可用于青藏铁路沿线主体段年到年际尺度的短期气候变化研究。  相似文献   

12.
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is the source of many Asian river systems and serves as “the Asian water tower”. Precipitation variability is a strong component of both hydrological processes and energy cycles, and the study of precipitation in the TP is of great importance in the content of global warming. In this study, the annual and seasonal (spring: MAM; summer: JJA; autumn: SON; and winter: DJF) variations in precipitation are investigated in the eastern and central TP during 1961–2007, based on surface raw and adjusted observations as well as both NCEP/NCAR (1961–2007) and ERA-40 (1961–2001) reanalyses. The adjusted precipitation in the TP is higher than raw values on both the annual and seasonal basis due to adjustments of solid precipitation by a bias experiential model. At the annual spring and winter scales, the adjusted precipitation shows a significant increase calculated by the Mann–Kendall trend test. Compared with adjusted precipitation; both NCEP/NCAR and ERA-40 reanalyses capture the broad spatial distributions of mean annual and seasonal precipitation, but are less good at repeating the decadal variability. Both reanalyses show the drying phenomena in most regions and fail to represent the change patterns of precipitation observed by the adjusted observations. Both NCEP/NCAR and ERA-40 have larger inconsistencies which may be caused by the differences between actual and model topography. This suggests that it is crucial to use the adjusted precipitation in the climate research and reanalysis products should be paid more attention in the TP.  相似文献   

13.
Numerical Simulation of Long-Term Climate Change in East Asia   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
A 10-yr regional climate simulation was performed using the fifth-generation PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model Version 3 (MM5V3) driven by large-scale NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. Simulations of winter and summer mean regional climate features were examined against observations. The results showed that the model could well simulate the 10-yr winter and summer mean circulation, temperature, and moisture transport at middle and low levels. The simulated winter and summer mean sea level pressure agreed with the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data. The model could well simulate the distribution and intensity of winter mean precipitation rates as well as the distribution of summer mean precipitation rates, but it overestimated the summer mean precipitation over North China. The model's ability to simulate the regional climate change in winter was superior to that in summer. In addition, the model could simulate the inter-annual variation of seasonal precipitation and surface air temperature. Geopotential heights and temperature at middle and high levels between simulations and observations exhibited high anomaly correlation coefficients. The model also showed large variability to simulate the regional climate change associated with the El Nino events. The MM5V3 well simulated the anomalies of summer mean precipitation in 1992 and 1995, while it demonstrated much less ability to simulate that in 1998. Generally speaking, the MM5V3 is capable of simulating the regional climate change, and could be used for long-term regional climate simulation.  相似文献   

14.
In Colombia, the access to climate related observational data is restricted and their quantity is limited. But information about the current climate is fundamental for studies on present and future climate changes and their impacts. In this respect, this information is especially important over the Colombian Caribbean Catchment Basin (CCCB) that comprises over 80 % of the population of Colombia and produces about 85 % of its GDP. Consequently, an ensemble of several datasets has been evaluated and compared with respect to their capability to represent the climate over the CCCB. The comparison includes observations, reconstructed data (CPC, Delaware), reanalyses (ERA-40, NCEP/NCAR), and simulated data produced with the regional climate model REMO. The capabilities to represent the average annual state, the seasonal cycle, and the interannual variability are investigated. The analyses focus on surface air temperature and precipitation as well as on surface water and energy balances. On one hand the CCCB characteristics poses some difficulties to the datasets as the CCCB includes a mountainous region with three mountain ranges, where the dynamical core of models and model parameterizations can fail. On the other hand, it has the most dense network of stations, with the longest records, in the country. The results can be summarised as follows: all of the datasets demonstrate a cold bias in the average temperature of CCCB. However, the variability of the average temperature of CCCB is most poorly represented by the NCEP/NCAR dataset. The average precipitation in CCCB is overestimated by all datasets. For the ERA-40, NCEP/NCAR, and REMO datasets, the amplitude of the annual cycle is extremely high. The variability of the average precipitation in CCCB is better represented by the reconstructed data of CPC and Delaware, as well as by NCEP/NCAR. Regarding the capability to represent the spatial behaviour of CCCB, temperature is better represented by Delaware and REMO, while precipitation is better represented by Delaware. Among the three datasets that permit an analysis of surface water and energy balances (REMO, ERA-40, and NCEP/NCAR), REMO best demonstrates the closure property of the surface water balance within the basin, while NCEP/NCAR does not demonstrate this property well. The three datasets represent the energy balance fairly well, although some inconsistencies were found in the individual balance components for NCEP/NCAR.  相似文献   

15.
An intercomparison of summertime (JJA) subtropical geopotential heights from the ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis is specifically conducted over East Eurasia and the western North Pacific. The NCEP/NCAR is obviously lower than the ERA-40 in the mid-to-lower troposphere in most regions of East Eurasia before the mid-1970s, but becomes higher than the ERA-40 after the mid-1970s and thus demonstrates stronger increased trends during the period of 1958--2001. Both reanalyses are lower than the observations in most regions of China. The NCEP/NCAR especially shows tremendously systematic lower values before the mid-1960s and displays abrupt changes before the 1970s. Several indices of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH), calculated from both reanalyzed summer geopotential heights, also reveal that the variation trend of the NCEP/NCAR is stronger than that of the ERA-40 in the mid-to-lower troposphere from 1958 to 2001. Through singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis, the summer geopotential heights at 500 hPa from the ERA-40 are better than the NCEP/NCAR counterparts at interacting with the precipitation over the East Asian monsoon region. The results indicate that the NCEP/NCAR in the mid-and-lower troposphere may overestimate interdecadal changes and should be used cautiously to study the relationship between the WNPSH and precipitation ove ther East Asia Monsoon region before the mid-1970s.  相似文献   

16.
An intercomparison of summertime (JJA)subtropical geopotential heights from the ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis is specifically conducted over East Eurasia and the western North Pacific. The NCEP/NCAR is obviously lower than the ERA-40 in the mid-to-lower troposphere in most regions of East Eurasia before the mid-1970s, but becomes higher than the ERA-40 after the mid-1970s and thus demonstrates stronger increased trends during the period of 1958-2001. Both reanalyses are lower than the observations in most regions of China. The NCEP/NCAR especially shows tremendously systematic lower values before the mid-1960s and displays abrupt changes before the 1970s. Several indices of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH), calculated from both reanalyzed summer geopotential heights, also reveal that the variation trend of the NCEP/NCAR is stronger than that of the ERA-40 in the mid-to-lower troposphere from 1958 to 2001. Through singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis, the summer geopotential heights at 500 hPa from the ERA-40 are better than the NCEP/NCAR counterparts at interacting with the precipitation over the East Asian monsoon region. The results indicate that the NCEP/NCAR in the mid-and-lower troposphere may overestimate interdecadal changes and should be used cautiously to study the relationship between the WNPSH and precipitation ove ther East Asia Monsoon region before the mid-1970s.  相似文献   

17.
PENN STATE/NCAR MM5 is used to simulate precipitation of the heavy rain process during 12-13 July 1994.The effects of different PBL parameterizations,resolvable scale moisture schemes and cumulus parameterization on the process rainfall simulation are investigated.By comparing the results of hydrostatic and nor.hydrostatic experiments,the nonhydrostatic impact upon precipitation is also examined.It is found in this study thai PENN STATE/NCAR MM5 has advantage not only in theory but also in simulating results with real data.In MM5.however,the selection of physical processes,especially water-cycle process,is very important and crucial to precipitation forecast of the case.It is concluded that the model with Grell (1993) scheme for convection and condensation method for resolvable scale precipitation captured the rainstorm during 12-13 July 1994 in Beijing area more successfully  相似文献   

18.
东亚区域气候变化的长期数值模拟试验   总被引:16,自引:4,他引:16  
文中利用NCAR的中尺度模式MM 5V3对东亚地区进行了 10a的长期积分模拟试验 ,并着重对冬、夏两季东亚区域气候变化特征进行了分析。分析结果表明 :(1)模式能够合理地模拟出 10a冬、夏平均的区域气候特征。模拟的 10a冬季平均降水的分布和强度与实际比较一致 ,对夏季降水分布特征的模拟也比较合理 ,但模拟的夏季华北降水偏多。模式对冬季平均场的模拟要优于对夏季的模拟 ;(2 )模式对降水、地面气温年际变率的模拟较为合理 ,模拟的中高层环流、温度场等要素的距平相关系数都比较高 ;(3)模式对不同ElNi no年对东亚区域气候变化影响的模拟能力有所不同 ,模拟的 1992 ,1995年的结果比较合理 ,但对 1998年模拟得不理想 ;(4)MM5V3模式具备一定的区域气候模拟能力。  相似文献   

19.
The influences of the extratropical Pacific SST on the precipitation of the North China region are reexamined with the observational data and studied with numerical simulations by using NCAR CCM2. It is found that there ex-ist high positive correlations between the annual precipitation of the North China region and the extratropical Pacific SST in late spring, especially in two regions, e.g., the Kuroshio Current region and the midlatitude central Pacific re-gion. The numerical simulations with NCAR CCM2 show that the warmer SSTs in the Kuroshio Current region and the midlatitude central Pacific in late spring can generate a large-scale circulation pattern over the Asia-Pacific re-gion that is favorable to the precipitation of the North China region.  相似文献   

20.
主要评估了美国国家大气研究中心的NCAR CESM(Community Earth System Model,NCAR)和中国科学院的CAS ESM(Earth System Model,Chinese Academy of Sciences)两个地球系统模式对亚洲东部夏季气候态的模拟性能。使用NCAR CESM和CAS ESM各两种不同的水平分辨率,一共进行了4组长达19年(1998~2016年)的数值积分试验,并通过对2 m气温、降水强度和降水日变化等的分析,比较了这两个模式在亚洲东部的模拟性能。结果表明,CAS ESM和NCAR CESM均能模拟出夏季2 m气温和降水强度的大尺度分布特征,但整体上模拟得到的地表面气温偏暖、降水强度偏弱。对于降水日变化而言,观测的日降水峰值在陆地上主要发生在下午到傍晚时段,在海洋上则出现在午夜到凌晨时段。两组低分辨率试验模拟的陆地降水峰值出现过早,且无法模拟出四川盆地的夜间降水峰值和部分海洋地区凌晨或上午的降水峰值。提高分辨率对模式的模拟性能有显著的提升作用。高分辨率下,NCAR CESM和CAS ESM对陆地和海洋的降水日变化模拟性能都明显提高。对降水日变化的定量化分析表明,高分辨率CAS ESM模式对整个亚洲东部降水日变化的模拟最优。目前模式对海陆风的模拟还不太理想,未来要进一步提高模式模拟性能,需要重点完善与气温、降水过程相关的物理参数化方案。  相似文献   

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