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1.
The Siwalik Group which forms the southern zone of the Himalayan orogen, constitutes the deformed part of the Neogene foreland basin situated above the downflexed Indian lithosphere. It forms the outer part of the thin-skinned thrust belt of the Himalaya, a belt where the faults branch off a major décollement (MD) that is the external part of the basal detachment of Himalayan thrust belt. This décollement is located beneath 13 Ma sediments in far-western Nepal, and beneath 14.6 Ma sediments in mid-western Nepal, i.e., above the base of the Siwalik Group. Unconformities have been observed in the upper Siwalik member of western Nepal both on satellite images and in the field, and suggest that tectonics has affected the frontal part of the outer belt since more than 1.8 Ma. Several north dipping thrusts delineate tectonic boundaries in the Siwalik Group of western Nepal. The Main Dun Thrust (MDT) is formed by a succession of 4 laterally relayed thrusts, and the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) is formed by three segments that die out laterally in propagating folds or branch and relay faults along lateral transfer zones. One of the major transfer zones is the West Dang Transfer Zone (WDTZ), which has a north-northeast strike and is formed by strike-slip faults, sigmoid folds and sigmoid reverse faults. The width of the outer belt of the Himalaya varies from 25 km west of the WDTZ to 40 km east of the WDTZ. The WDTZ is probably related to an underlying fault that induces: (a) a change of the stratigraphic thickness of the Siwalik members involved in the thin-skinned thrust belt, and particularly of the middle Siwalik member; (b) an increase, from west to east, of the depth of the décollement level; and (c) a lateral ramp that transfers displacement from one thrust to another. Large wedge-top basins (Duns) of western Nepal have developed east of the WDTZ. The superposition of two décollement levels in the lower Siwalik member is clear in a large portion of the Siwalik group of western Nepal where it induces duplexes development. The duplexes are formed either by far-travelled horses that crop out at the hangingwall of the Internal Décollement Thrust (ID) to the south of the Main Boundary Thrust, or by horses that remain hidden below the middle Siwaliks or Lesser Himalayan rocks. Most of the thrusts sheets of the outer belt of western Nepal have moved toward the S–SW and balanced cross-sections show at least 40 km shortening through the outer belt. This value probably under-estimates the shortening because erosion has removed the hangingwall cut-off of the Siwalik series. The mean shortening rate has been 17 mm/yr in the outer belt for the last 2.3 Ma.  相似文献   

2.
An intracratonic thrust belt, developed during the early Carboniferous in central Australia, deformed the Amadeus Basin and its basement, the Arunta Block. This belt is characterized by a marked structural asymmetry (vergence) and by the deposition of a thick molasse basin on the foreland. A review of existing field data shows that décollement tectonics produced folding, thrusting, faulting and back-faulting of the sedimentary sequence. Thin-skinned tectonics extend into the basement to produce recumbent folds and têtes plongeantes of nappe structures rooted in steeply dipping mylonite zones of greenschist to amphibolite grade. Minimum horizontal shortening displacements are 50–100 km resulting in a 50–70% contraction of the upper part of the basement. The structures and shortening are best explained by a crustal duplex, characterized by a crustal-scale thrust system, i.e. a sole thrust and imbricate faults, responsible for an isostatic bending of the underthrust slab. The observed Bouguer anomaly profiles support this crustal model. The dynamic evolution of this thrust belt on the scale of the crust is of thin-skin type.  相似文献   

3.
New U–Pb and Rb–Sr geochronology on syn- and post-orogenic granites provide constraints on the timing of major tectonic events in the Songpan–Garzê fold belt, west Sichuan, China. The Ma Nai granite was probably syn-kinematic with the main deformation and yields an age of 197±6 Ma that is interpreted as an upper age limit of the Indosinian event. Zircons and apatites from the post-kinematic Rilonguan granite also yield Jurassic ages (195±6 and 181±4 Ma). The post-orogenic Markam massif gives two ages of 188±1 and 153±3 Ma. Both granites are undeformed and cut structures in the Triassic sedimentary rocks. These results demonstrate that the major deformation and décollement tectonics in the Songpan–Garzê fold belt occurred prior to the Early Jurassic. The wide range of ages obtained for post-kinematic granites (from Early Jurassic to Late Jurassic) suggests that, locally, magmatic activity persisted for a long time (at least 50 Ma) after the Indosinian compressional tectonism. No Tertiary ages have been obtained, suggesting that these granites were not affected strongly by the India–Asia collision.  相似文献   

4.
库车坳陷是塔里木盆地北部一个次级构造单元,受晚新生代陆内造山作用控制,发育典型的挤压冲断构造; 同时,由于古近系和新近系盐层的存在,发育丰富的盐相关构造; 另外,冲断构造各段之间的调节作用还形成了一系列的走滑构造。本文利用最新的2D、3D 地震资料及钻井资料,分析总结了库车坳陷中部的变形样式及分布特征。研究结果表明: 1)根据变形的成因机制,将库车坳陷的构造变形划分为收缩构造、盐构造及走滑构造。2)收缩构造以逆冲断层及褶皱样式为主,盐上构造层可划分为断层相关褶皱和褶皱相关断层,其中断层多在盐层内滑脱。盐下构造层根据断层组合方式可划分为叠瓦状冲断构造、楔形冲断构造及滑脱冲断构造。盐构造可以划分为盐席、盐墙、盐楔入、盐刺穿及盐拱构造。走滑构造在剖面上可见花状构造及不协调变形,平面上则可见雁列褶皱、马尾断层及海豚效应。3)收缩构造及盐构造主要分布于克拉苏构造带及秋里塔格构造带内,自南天山至盆地中心,盐下构造层由叠瓦状冲断构造过渡至滑脱冲断构造,过渡带内则发育楔形冲断构造; 走滑构造集中于坳陷西部的阿瓦特-却勒构造段以及东部的克拉3-东秋8构造段。  相似文献   

5.
The basement of the Costa Rican outer arc consists of two major complexes. The older is composed of peridotite-serpentinite, pillow lava and radiolarite; the younger is made up of gabbro-diorite, pillow lava, pyroclastic rocks and siliceous limestone.The observational data are interpreted as follows. The older pillow lavas are believed to be oceanic crust generated along the north-south-spreading Carnegie Ridge during the late Coniacian. The younger lavas flowed from fissures along a west-northwest-trending volcanic belt (Culebra arc) which developed in this crust during early to middle Campanian time, when it collided with the Chortis block. Paleomagnetic evidence suggests that the older sequence originated on the Southern Hemisphere, and the younger in the Northern.During the Paleocene, the crust fragmented and separated into the Caribbean and Cocos plates, probably as a result of the outer arc escaping the tectonic influence of the Carnegie Ridge and entering that of the ancestral East Pacific Rise. This fragmentation resulted in the formation of two parallel volcanic belts (San Antonio and Cachimbas arcs) in the inner deep (Tempisque Valley), which remained active throughout the Eocene. It is postulated that subduction of the Cocos beneath the Caribbean plate was initiated during Oligocene time and resulted in the formation of yet another volcanic belt (Tilarán-Talamanca arc). The outer arc was uplifted, folded, and thrust south westward. The resulting pattern shows a gradual clockwise rotation west to northwest, and north-astward migration of the volcanic arcs through time. Aeromagnetic and tectonic data indicate that differential uplift and later gravitational décollement of the sedimentary rock blanket characterize the tectonic deformation of singular volcanic belts, and that tectonic overprinting is usually restricted to one major phase.  相似文献   

6.
张欣欣 《地质与勘探》2014,50(6):1190-1197
东秋里塔格构造带是塔里木盆地库车坳陷的前缘构造带,整体表现为受新近系吉迪克组膏盐岩滑脱层控制的分层变形构造特征。盐上构造层主要发育断层相关褶皱,盐岩层以塑性流动变形为主,盐下构造层发育断层相关褶皱、冲起构造、逆冲断块等多种构造样式。依据盐下构造层变形特征,自西向东将东秋里塔格构造带划分为过渡构造段、叠瓦扇构造段、前端冲起构造段以及后端冲起构造段四段。过渡构造段内膏盐岩层发育层位由库姆格列木群转变为吉迪克组,盐下发育叠瓦扇构造;叠瓦扇构造段盐下发育典型的逆冲叠瓦构造样式;前端冲起构造段盐下发育断弯褶皱背斜,并在反冲断层的复合作用下发生冲起,主逆冲断层之下发育次级逆冲夹片;后端冲起构造段盐下发育断弯褶皱,并在背斜北翼发育一个独立的冲起构造。东秋里塔格构造带具备有利生储条件,构造分析表明过渡构造段、叠瓦扇构造段以及前端冲起构造段的盐下次级逆冲夹片具备勘探潜力,是有利的油气勘探区带。  相似文献   

7.
A comparison is made between the Gavarnie thrust and the Mérens Fault in the Axial zone of the Pyrenees. The former has a gentle dip and quite a large displacement (at least 12 km) but does not cut through either Hercynian or Alpine isograds. The latter has a smaller displacement (~ 5 km) but dips steeply and cuts through both Hercynian and Alpine isograds at a high angle. On this basis and on the basis of shear zone geometries immediately north of it, it is proposed that the Mérens Fault nucleated as a steeply (65°–80°) dipping structure, while the Gavarnie thrust nucleated with a shallow attitude. The Mérens Fault is not a backward-rotated thrust fault, nor is it the root zone for any major nappe structure. Similar steep ductile structures occur within the Gavarnie nappe and may reflect considerable internal strain in basement lithologies.The relationship between steep and shallow structures is not yet clear; the shear zones may pre-date the thrusting in which case they may be thick-skinned structures affecting the whole lithosphere, or they may be contemporary with thrusting reflecting only local thickening above a décollement.Rheological models can be used to test proposed geometrical and kinematic models for the lithosphere-scale evolution of the Pyrenees. Suggested models are dominated by a cool, rigid, high-level mantle wedge beneath the North Pyrenean zone which probably controlled the location of north-dipping thrust faults. Thick-skinned shortening is possible in thick crust in the Axial zone but is very unlikely in the North Pyrenean zone where steeply rooted structures would have to cut through the strongest part of the lithosphere.  相似文献   

8.
We use coseismic GPS data from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake to estimate the subsurface shape of the Chelungpu fault that ruptured during the earthquake. Studies prior to the earthquake suggest a ramp–décollement geometry for the Chelungpu fault, yet many finite source inversions using GPS and seismic data assume slip occurred on the down-dip extension of the Chelungpu ramp, rather than on a sub-horizontal décollement. We test whether slip occurred on the décollement or the down-dip extension of the ramp using well-established methods of inverting GPS data for geometry and slip on faults represented as elastic dislocations. We find that a significant portion of the coseismic slip did indeed occur on a sub-horizontal décollement located at 8 km depth. The slip on the décollement contributes 21% of the total modeled moment release. We estimate the fault geometry assuming several different models for the distribution of elastic properties in the earth: homogeneous, layered, and layered with lateral material contrast across the fault. It is shown, however, that heterogeneity has little influence on our estimated fault geometry. We also investigate several competing interpretations of deformation within the E/W trending rupture zone at the northern end of the 1999 ground ruptures. We demonstrate that the GPS data require a 22- to 35-km-long lateral ramp at the northern end, contradicting other investigations that propose deformation is concentrated within 10 km of the Chelungpu fault. Lastly, we propose a simple tectonic model for the development of the lateral ramp.  相似文献   

9.
Electrical images recorded with Resistivity-At-Bit (RAB) from two sites drilled during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 196 were analyzed to study the effects of subduction at the Nankai margin. For the first time in the history of scientific deep-sea drilling in ODP, in situ complete borehole images of the décollement zone were obtained. Analyses of all drilling-induced fracture data indicated that the maximum horizontal compressive stress (SHmax) axes have an azimuth of 303°, and analyses of breakout data from RAB images indicated an azimuth of 310°. These azimuths approximate the convergence direction of the Philippine Sea plate towards the Eurasian plate. The frontal thrust at Site 808 was encountered at about 389 mbsf. Density, porosity, resistivity, and gamma ray data change across the frontal thrust. The décollement zone at the deformation front was identified between 937 and 965 mbsf. The base of the décollement is sharply defined as the maximum extent of conductive fracturing and is marked by abrupt changes in physical properties [Mikada, H., Becker, K., Moore, J.C., Klaus, A., Austin, G.L., Bangs, N.L., Bourlange, S., Broilliard, J., Brückmann, W., Corn, E.R., Davis, E.E., Flemings, P.B., Goldberg, D.B., Gulick, S.S., Hansen, M.B., Hayward, N., Hills, D.J., Hunze, S., Ienaga, M., Ishiguro, H., Kinoshita, M., Macdonald, R.D., McNeill, L., Obana, S., Hong, O.S., Peacock, S., Pettigrew, T.L., Saito, S., Sawa, T., Thaiprasert, N., Tobin, H.J., Tsurumi, H., 2002. Proc. ODP, Initial Rep., 196, College Station, TX, (Ocean Drilling Program)]. The upper boundary of the décollement is marked by several sets of conductive fractures and by high variability in physical properties. The décollement zone is characterized by intense brittle fracturing. These fractures are considered to be the consequence of cyclic stresses and high fluid pressures in this zone. We analyzed fracture dips and their orientations at both sites and found that they are all consistent with a unique stress field model surrounding the two sites.  相似文献   

10.
川西龙门山褶皱冲断带分带性变形特征   总被引：36，自引：5，他引：36       下载免费PDF全文
通过野外地质考察和地震资料解释,将龙门山褶皱冲断带划分为5个构造带,即青川-茂汶断裂以西为松潘-甘孜构造带,青川-茂汶断裂与北川-映秀断裂之间为韧性变形带,北川-映秀断裂与马角坝-通济场-双石断裂之间为基底卷入冲断带,马角坝-通济场-双石断裂与广元-关口-大邑断裂之间为前缘-褶皱冲断带,广元-关口-大邑断裂以东为前陆坳陷带,在构造变形特征上,各条断裂在演化上具有前展式特征,在松潘-甘孜构造带和韧性变形带构造变形强烈,形成推覆构造带等构造变形样式,在前缘-褶皱冲断带和前陆坳陷带,变形强度较弱,形成背冲断块或断层相关褶皱等构造,西北部区域的变形表现为塑性变形特征,向南东方向渐变为塑-脆性变形和脆性变形,在剖面上各条断裂所形成的深度向盆地方向逐渐递减。龙门山褶皱冲断带的分带性变形特征是由多种因素共同影响的结果,这些因素主要有板块构造背景的决定作用、多套滑脱层的控制作用和岩性因素的制约作用。  相似文献   

11.
The southern Chilean convergent margin, between 50° and 57° S, is shaped by the interaction of the three main plates: Antarctic, South America and Scotia. North of 53° S, the convergence between Antarctic and South America plates is close to orthogonal to the continental margin strike. Here, the deformational style of the accretionary prism is mainly characterized by seaward-verging thrusts and locally by normal faults and fractures, a very limited lateral extension of prism, a very shallow dip ( 6°) décollement, and subduction of a thick and relatively undeformed trench sedimentary sequence. South of 53° S, convergence is oblique to the margin, locally, the trench sediments are proto-deformed by double vergence thrusting and the front of the prism grows through landward-verging thrusting. The décollement is sub-horizontal and deep, involving most of the sediment over the oceanic crust in the accretionary process, building a comparatively wide and thicker prism. A Bottom Simulating Reflector is present across the whole prism to the abyssal plan, suggesting the presence of gas in the sediments.The analysis of P- and S-wave velocity reflectivity sections, derived by amplitude versus offset technique (AVO), detailed velocity information and the velocity-derived sediment porosity have been integrated with the structural analysis of the accretionary prism of two selected pre-stack depth migrated seismic lines, aiming to explain the relation between fluid circulation and tectonics.Accretion along double vergence thrust faults may be associated with the presence of overpressured fluid, which decreases the effective shear stress coefficient along the main décollement and within the sediments, and modify the rheolgical properties of rocks. The presence of an adequate drainage network, represented by interconnected faults and fractures affecting the entire sedimentary sequence, can favour the escape of pore fluid toward the sea bottom, while, less permeable and not faulted sediments can favour fluid accumulations. Gravitational and tectonic dewatering, and stratigraphy could control the consolidation and the pore overpressure of sediments involved in subduction along the trench. The results of our analysis suggest the existence of a feedback between tectonic style and fluid circulation.  相似文献   

12.
龙门山冲断带北段前锋带新生代构造变形   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
陈竹新  李本亮  贾东  雷永良 《地质学报》2008,82(9):1178-1185
龙门山北段前锋构造的地震剖面解释和前缘盆地内沉积地层的磁组构研究表明前锋构造中发育两期构造挤压作用,即整体强烈的晚三叠世变形和由北向南逐渐减弱的弱新生代构造变形。受这两期构造挤压作用的控制,龙门山北段前锋构造中发育上、下两套构造层,地表构造为晚三叠世时期形成,而深部隐伏构造则形成于新生代。北部的矿山梁和天井山构造几何学上表现为一个双重构造,浅层是一个晚三叠世形成的断层转折褶皱;深层是新生代形成的多个逆冲岩片叠置所构成的隐伏堆垛背斜;南部的青林口和中坝构造主体表现为叠瓦状逆冲,前锋构造是断层转折褶皱和断层传播褶皱。新生代构造冲断位移量以及造成早期构造抬升由北向南逐渐减小,反映新生代变形强度由北向南的减弱。磁组构研究表明新生代变形从龙门山冲断带边缘到盆地内部,磁组构从铅笔状磁组构到初始变形磁组构并逐渐过渡到沉积磁组构。由南向北磁组构由初始变形磁组构转变为铅笔状磁组构,说明应变越来越强,从而进一步证明了龙门山前锋新生代构造的弱变形作用和变形强度的北强南弱分布特征。  相似文献   

13.
The style of deformation in thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts is critically dependent upon the resistance to sliding along the detachment between the mass of deforming sediments and the underlying rocks. Evaporites can provide an extremely weak horizon within which a basal detachment can form and along which only a relatively small shear traction can be supported. Fold-and-thrust belts that form atop a salt layer, such as the Appalachian Plateau, the Franklin Mountains in northwestern Canada, and the Jura of the Alps, among others, share several readily observable characteristics. As predicted by a simple mechanical model for fold-and-thrust belts, a detachment in salt permits a thrust belt to have an extremely narrow cross-sectional taper. In addition, predicted orientations of the principal stress axes over a salt décollement are consistent with the commonly observed lack of a consistently dominant vergence direction of structures within the thrust belt. Other common attributes of salt-basal thin-skinned deformation include the presence of several widely but regularly spaced folds and abrupt changes in deformational style at the edge of the salt basin.  相似文献   

14.
The Kelçyra area is emplaced in a foreland fold-and-thrust belt (FFTB), characterized by a westward thrusting with the Triassic evaporites as the major décollement level. Several secondary features related with this evolution, like backthrusting, folding, duplex structures, evaporite diapirism are present. During the FFTB evolution, the study area has been subjected to several fracturing events with associated stages of fluid migration. During the pre-deformational stage, complex textures such as crack-and-seal features most likely reflect expulsion of overpressured fluids. These fluids were dominantly host-rock buffered. Within the post-deformational stage, a meteoric fluid caused cementation and development of a karst network during a period of emergence after the thrust emplacement. Subsequently, Mg calcite reprecipitated in the more stable carbonate phase calcite and dolomite, which filled part of the karts network. The latter is finally dedolomitized and locally partially dissolved by a second meteoric fluid flow, which greatly increased the secondary porosity.  相似文献   

15.
Late Palaeozoic deformation in the southern Appalachians is believed to be related to the collisional events that formed Pangaea. The Appalachian foreland fold and thrust belt in Alabama is a region of thin-skinned deformed Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Early Cambrian to Late Carboniferous, bounded to the northwest by relatively undeformed rocks of the Appalachian Plateau and to the southeast by crystalline thrust sheets containing metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks ranging in age from late Precambrian to Early Devonian. A late Palaeozoic kinematic sequence derived for a part of this region indicates complex spatial and temporal relationships between folding, thrusting, and tectonic level of décollement. Earliest recognized (Carboniferous(?) or younger) compressional deformation in the foreland, observable within the southernmost thrust sheets in the foreland, is a set of large-scale, tight to isoclinal upright folds which preceded thrafing, and may represent the initial wave of compression in the foreland. Stage 2 involved emplacement of low-angle far-traveled thrust sheets which cut Lower Carboniferous rocks and cut progressively to lower tectonic levels to the southwest, terminating with arrival onto the foreland rocks of a low-grade crystalline nappe. Stage 3 involved redeformation of the stage 2 nappe pile by large-scale upright folds oriented approximately parallel to the former thrusts and believed to be related to ramping or imbrication from a deeper décollement in the foreland rocks below. Stage 4 involved renewed low-angle thrusting within the Piedmont rocks, emplacement of a high-grade metamorphic thrust sheet, and decapitation of stage 3 folds. Stage 5 is represented by large-scale cross-folding at a high angle to previous thrust boundaries and fold phases, and may be related to ramping or imbrication on deep décollements within the now mostly buried Ouachita orogen thrust belt to the southwest. Superposed upon these folds are stage 6 high-angle thrust faults with Appalachian trends representing the youngest (Late Carboniferous or younger, structures in the kinematic sequence.  相似文献   

16.
麻扎塔格地区地层、地貌及构造变形特征的研究,对于认识塔里木盆地新生代构造演化过程、塔里木—西昆仑的盆山耦合关系、新构造运动对塔里木油气资源分布的影响以及塔克拉玛干沙漠的气候、环境变化都具有重要意义。本文通过卫星照片解译、野外变形观察、剖面实测、地球物理资料解释等手段,对该地区晚新生代的构造特征进行了研究,确定了麻扎塔格构造带为典型的逆冲—褶皱带,并探讨了麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带的构造指向、活动时限、隆升速率及缩短速率、东西方向的延伸等问题,取得如下认识:1)麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带为西昆仑山前陆褶皱冲断带的前缘部位,和田河气田就是处在逆冲前锋背斜顶部,晚新生代变形作用已明显地改造了塔里木盆地南部及中部的古生代和中生代构造,并促成了和田河气田的形成;2)麻扎塔格山在中新世末(约7 Ma)和中更新世(约780 ka B.P.)经历了两次构造隆升,后一次形成了麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带和麻扎塔格山现今的地貌特征;3)估算出麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带中更新世以来的隆升速率约为0.26～0.4 mm/a,缩短速率约为0.9 mm/a;4)认为麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带向西应与同属西昆仑山前褶皱—冲断带前缘的喀什背斜相连,东端的突然消失可能是由于东段和田河附近存在北东—南西向的走滑断层造成。  相似文献   

17.
克拉苏构造带位于库车坳陷与南天山盆山过渡带,特殊的受力环境使其构造变形机制具有特殊性。依据最新的地震和钻井资料,并结合前人研究成果,建立了克拉苏构造带新的地震解释方案,并据此分析该地区盐上、盐下层构造变形几何形态、演化过程、形成机制等方面的差异及其控制因素。结果表明:克拉苏构造带盐下层构造变形可分为两部分,包括由基底卷入的高角度正断层后期挤压形成的反转断裂系统,以及主断裂下盘发育的次生盖层滑脱逆冲叠瓦断裂系统。盐上层构造变形为褶皱相关断层,其演化经历了基底断裂向上传递形成传播褶皱、差异压实作用诱发底辟褶皱、以及褶皱核部在持续挤压作用下形成破冲断层等多个阶段。盐下层基底卷入断裂系统形成于侏罗纪盆山过渡带伸展环境,而叠瓦式盖层滑脱断裂系统和盐上层构造变形主要形成于中新世-第四纪的挤压构造环境。盆山过渡带特殊的构造部位及在不同地质时期应力场的转换控制了盐下层构造变形机制,而盐上层构造变形受到基底断裂复活、差异沉积负荷、膏盐岩底辟上涌、挤压应力增强以及北部山前地形高差等众多因素影响,且不同演化阶段主控因素有所差异。克拉苏构造带盐下、盐上层变形机制和毗邻区带相比有较大差异,这与其特殊的构造位置以及构造应力在盐下和盐上地层向前陆方向传递的方式和距离不同等因素有关。  相似文献   

18.
Balanced and restored cross-sections through the central and eastern Pyrenees, constructed using both surface and borehole data, demonstrate the presence of c.18km of shortening above a flat lying N-directed Alpine décollement surface. Hangingwall diagrams show how the North Pyrenean satellite massifs are culminations within this thrust system. Pre-thrusting structures such as subhorizontal stretching lineations in the North Pyrenean Fault zone became rotated above these culminations as the North Pyrenean Fault was cut by Alpine thrusts. Stratigraphic evidence demonstrates that N-directed thrust movements occurred between mid Eocene and Oligocene time, and this is similar to the age of major S-directed thrust movements on the south side of the Axial Zone. The N-directed thrust system probably originated as a series of backthrusts to the dominant S-directed structures.  相似文献   

19.
南大巴山前陆冲断带构造样式及变形机制分析   总被引：35，自引：9，他引：26  
大巴山构造带位于秦岭造山带和四川盆地的过渡部位,形成于印支-燕山期,定型于喜山期。按照构造变形样式及其组合特征,从北东向南西可依次划分为北大巴山逆冲推覆构造带、南大巴山前陆褶皱-冲断带(又包括叠瓦断层带、断层-褶皱带和滑脱褶皱带等3个亚带)和四川盆地东北部低缓构造区等3个构造带(区)。南大巴山冲断带地表构造以类侏罗山式褶皱为显著特征,主要发育叠瓦断层系、断层相关褶皱、被动顶板双重构造、反冲断层系和冲起构造等变形样式。北东-南西向挤压应力和滑脱层是控制南大巴山及其前缘构造变形的主要因素,结合区域地质研究成果,建立了南大巴山及其前缘地区依次从震旦系-下寒武统-志留系-中下三叠统逐渐抬高的多层次滑脱前展模式。  相似文献   

20.
Existing balancing methods utilizing excess area in cross sections rely heavily on the presence of a perfectly horizontal décollement surface. This is rarely the case in thrust belts, and the commonly observed hindward dip of floor thrusts imparts uplift and internal strain to the thrust wedge during transport. A modified excess area balancing technique is presented to account for hinterland dipping floor thrusts.  相似文献   

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