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随着国家经济建设的发展，各种自然灾害所造成的经济损失将越来越大，资料显示，广东省在1993－1997年间因各种自然灾害所造成的直接损失平均每年约达180亿元，约占我省国民生产总值年增长的20％，本文提出了建立和健全具有政府职能的减灾组织机构，通过立法保证减灾制度的落实，提高城市规划及各种基础设施建设的减灾预防标准，充分发挥高新技术在减灾中的作用，从教育入手提高全民的防灾意识等几条减灾措施。 相似文献
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自然灾害给人类社会造成严重的灾难，由于抢险救灾组织体系不完善，救助行动迟缓，会使灾情扩大。为减轻自然灾害带来的影响，各国政府都在积极探索如何建立实效的国家防灾体系。以美国、日本为例介绍了防灾体系的发展模式、防灾体系发展的3个阶段等。认为他们的经验、教训，可为我国防灾体系的建设提供参考。 相似文献
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我国地震防灾减灾科普教育的瓶颈及对策分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地震灾害已经成为影响我国经济发展和社会安全的重要因素,我国防震减灾事业存在很多难以快速解决的问题,因此在当前的基本国情下,加强地震防灾减灾科普教育,提高群众防灾避险意识和能力,对缓解地震中人员伤亡有着非常重要的作用。本文就地震防灾减灾工作中,地震防灾减灾科普教育的重要性,以及现阶段我国地震防灾减灾科普教育存在的问题,进行了分析和探讨;并针对上述问题,提出了相应的对策。 相似文献
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关于上海市防灾公园规划与建设的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汶川地震暴露出目前我国城市公园建设普遍存在的一个重要问题,就是其防灾功能不强。城市公园应是防灾公园。防灾公园是起广域防灾据点、避难场所作用的城市公园和缓冲绿地,应符合城市防灾规划要求。从防灾公园的定义出发,本文重点阐述了防灾公园的3个特点：规模、构造和设施;通过每平方公里公园数量、每万人公园数量、人均公园面积及公园占市区面积比例等多项关键指标,对上海市防灾公园的现状进行了分析,指出了存在的主要问题,并对上海市防灾公园的规划、建设提出了2点建议,一是完善防灾绿化网格,二是逐步实现现有城市公园向防灾公园的转型。 相似文献
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中国地震代表团赴日本观摩大规模防灾演练 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
每年9月1日，日本各地都举行大规模防灾演练。80年前的这一天，日本关东大地震造成东京及其附近10万-14万人死亡。1979年，日本政府将此日定为“全国防灾纪念日”。由中国地震局局长宋瑞祥、新疆维吾尔自治区副主席刘怡率领的中国地震代表团一行7人，赴日本观摩了在琦玉县人间市举行的“第24届八都市联合防灾训练”。琦玉县的演练是这个防灾纪念日中日本全国各地演练的主会场，琦玉县等八都市以及中央防灾会议共同参与。小泉首相率有关内阁大臣参加演练。约3小时的集中演练以及小泉首相等有关官员的讲话，给代表团留下深刻印象。 相似文献
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利用信息管理学的基本原理,按照中国现行的组织管理体制,总结分析现行的减灾工作的基本体制以及减灾信息资料建设、组织和传递方法。并通过对现今中国防灾减灾活动的分析归纳,探讨了市场经济条件下防灾减灾对策的信息管理模式。 相似文献
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In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
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Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
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Cu concentrations in surface (river and lake) and subsurface waters are determined. The geographic pattern of Cu distribution in natural water is identified. This pattern is controlled by the difference between its concentrations in drained rocks and soils and the geochemical redox conditions of its migration. Territories with low, medium, and elevated Cu concentrations in natural waters are identified. The concentrations of Cu in natural waters of the region are found to be generally lower than the Clarke values. 相似文献
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Changes in thermal extremes of the climate of Poland in 1951–2010 are examined. Warm extremes have become more frequent, while cold extremes have become less frequent. In the warming climate of Poland, the increase in the number of extremely warm days in a year and the decrease in the number of extremely cold days in a year have been observed. Also the increase of the maximum number of consecutive hot days in a year and the decrease of the maximum number of consecutive very cold and extremely cold days in a year have been observed. However, the trends are not of ubiquitous statistic significance, as the natural variability is strong. 相似文献
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M. MONIRUL QADER MIRZA 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):613-631
Abstract The basin area of the Ganges River in Bangladesh is extremely dependent on a regular water supply from upstream to meet requirements for agriculture, fisheries, navigation, salinity control, and domestic and industrial sectors. In 1975, India commissioned a barrage on the Ganges River at Farakka to divert a significant portion of the dry season flow in order to make the Calcutta Port navigable. Statistical analyses of discharge and water level data have been carried out to determine if significant changes have occurred in the hydrology of the Ganges system in Bangladesh in the post-Farakka period. Siltation of the Gorai River (an offtake of the Ganges River) has also been examined using the stage-discharge relationship and regression analysis. The analyses show that the diversion has caused considerable hydrological changes in the Ganges system in Bangladesh. The water supply in the dry season has been reduced substantially, while siltation of the Gorai River has increased significantly. 相似文献
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This paper briefly summarizes the works in the processing of strong ground motion data, the factors affecting strong ground motion, the modeling of strong ground motion and the calculating of broad-band response spectrum which have been done recent years by engineering seismologists and seismologists of China. In addition, we think back to the international cooperation in strong ground motion of the recent years and make some expectations for the future. 相似文献