共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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为综合考虑温度、加载速率两个因素对花岗岩力学性质及破坏方式的影响,在实时高温（25～1 000 ℃）作用下利用MTS810电液伺服材料试验系统对岩样进行不同加载速率作用下的单轴压缩试验。研究结果表明：（1）各个温度点,岩样单轴压缩应力-应变曲线大致经历了压密、弹性、屈服、破坏4个阶段。岩样峰后曲线在加载速率为0.001～0.01 mm/s出现台阶型分段跌落状,在加载速率为0.01～0.1 mm/s呈现光滑、陡峭的连续曲线。（2）岩样峰值强度、弹性模量随温度的升高可分为4个阶段：25～200 ℃区间为缓慢上升段;200～600 ℃区间为快速下降段;600～800 ℃区间为缓慢上升段;800～ 1 000 ℃区间为平缓下降段。1 000 ℃时的峰值强度和弹性模量相对于25 ℃时分别降低了53.47%和64.34 %。峰值应变与温度呈现三次多项式拟合关系。（3）岩样峰值强度、弹性模量与加载速率对数均呈现二次多项式增长关系,加载速率为0.1 mm/s时的峰值强度和弹性模量相对于0.001 mm/s时分别提高了38.82%和37.22%。岩样峰值应变与加载速率没有明显的对应关系。（4）单轴压缩状态下,随着温度的升高,花岗岩变形破坏形式由拉剪破裂向锥形破裂并伴随向碎性流动过渡,失稳型式由突发失稳向渐进破坏过渡。同一温度状态下,加载速率对岩样的破裂形式没有明显影响,但失稳型式发生了变化。 相似文献
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不同加载速率条件下岩石的力学特性,对于其动载下破裂内在机制的研究具有积极的意义。基于颗粒流理论,通过黏结颗粒模型（bonded particle model,简称BPM）虚拟实现不同加载速率0.001～0.500 m/s下花岗岩单轴压缩和巴西劈裂试验,定量分析加载速率对应力-应变、破裂形态、应变能率及声发射的影响。结果表明：单轴抗压强度和抗拉强度及其对应峰值应变随加载速率增加而非线性增长;单轴压缩作用下,随加载速率增加,试样由单一斜截面破坏向多斜截面破坏转变,且主控裂隙带宽度急剧增大,由裂纹数量及水平向高应变率区域变化规律可明显看出,试样破坏程度随着加载速率增加而逐渐加剧;巴西劈裂作用下试样从一条主控裂隙向多条主控裂隙转变,且裂纹向圆盘试样两侧边缘部分延伸,破坏程度加剧;单轴压缩和巴西劈裂作用下,声发射事件及应变能率均随加载速率增加而呈现出非线性增长趋势。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(9):2507-2514
随着地下洞室开挖深度的增加,温度已成为影响洞室长期稳定的重要因素。为有效反映温度对深埋地下洞室围岩长期稳定的影响,依托某水电站引水隧洞工程,开展了不同温度和不同加载应力路径条件下片麻状花岗岩的三轴蠕变试验,系统分析了温度、围压、轴压对片麻状花岗岩蠕变变形特征、蠕变强度和蠕变破坏模式的影响。通过蠕变试验发现:片麻状花岗岩的蠕变性能随着加载应力的增大和温度的升高而呈指数变化;片麻状花岗岩存在蠕变应力阈值,且温度越高,蠕变应力阈值越低,蠕变破坏时间越短;片麻状花岗岩稳态蠕变速率随温度的升高而增大,符合指数关系,其蠕变长期强度和蠕变破坏强度均随温度的升高而降低;在温度效应条件下,片麻状花岗岩蠕变破坏模式主要为沿斜截面的剪切破坏。试验研究成果为水电站引水隧洞围岩长期稳定性分析与设计、施工提供了重要的试验依据。 相似文献
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韩城地区煤岩力学特性与破坏特征试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
韩城地区二叠系下统的山西组煤岩为含裂隙的低强度高脆性介质,其抗压强度和破坏特性与加载方式和加载速率有密切的关系。利用室内试验方法,对该地区煤层气储层煤岩开展了不同加载方式的力学研究。试验结果表明,煤岩的主裂隙(面割理)走向与加载方向的关系对煤岩的力学特性有较大影响,煤岩裂隙走向与加载方向垂直时的抗压强度是裂隙走向与加载方向平行时抗压强度的1.35倍;而弹性模量和泊松比正好相反,煤岩裂隙走向与加载方向平行时的弹性模量是裂隙走向与加载方向垂直时弹性模量的1.66倍,泊松比为1.15倍;在同等试验条件下,随着加载速率的增大,煤岩强度提高,但脆性增大,易呈脆性破坏。研究成果可为裂隙型煤岩的力学特性认识及在工程中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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地下洞室开挖围岩经历典型径向卸载、环向加载应力路径,由此引起的岩体强度、变形特征和破坏机制也不尽相同。针对锦屏二级水电站高地应力赋存环境,对施工排水洞大理岩开展常规单轴全应变、三轴压缩、卸围压、卸围压-加载轴压等4种不同应力路径力学试验,得到应力-应变全过程曲线、变形破坏特征和极限储能变化规律。试验研究结果表明, （1）锦屏二级水电站大理岩破坏时轴向应变一般较小,为硬脆性材料,卸荷应力路径下该脆性特征更为明显;（2）卸围压同时加载轴压试验峰值强度对应轴向应变、环向应变及体积应变值一般高于单纯的卸围压值,而对应峰值强度则一般低于卸围压值;（3）卸荷速率较大时,变形模量越大,大理岩峰值强度越低。加载速率越大,变形模量越小,峰值强度越高。初始围压越高,变形模量值越低,峰值强度越高;（4）无侧限作用时试件主要为张拉破坏,低侧限作用时为剪切破坏为主,局部存在张拉破坏,较高侧限时,剪切面为典型X或Y型;（5）岩石试件具有极限储能值,该值受多种因素的影响。一般情况下试件破坏对应围压越高,极限储能值越高,卸载速率越大,极限储能值越小。研究结果对于岩爆孕育发生机制解释以及工程实际问题的解决均有参考价值。 相似文献
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硬化土（hardening soil）模型是岩土工程数值分析中常采用的模型。为研究加载方式和排水条件对原状花岗岩残积土剪切行为的影响,对深圳地区原状花岗岩残积土进行了常规三轴固结排水、常规三轴固结不排水、固结排水侧向卸载和固结不排水侧向卸载4组试验,并由试验结果确定出不同加载方式和排水条件下的硬化土模型参数。结果表明：在常规三轴试验中,试样在剪切过程中表现为先剪缩后剪胀的特性,在侧向卸载试验中,试样始终表现为剪胀的特性;模型参数值与加载路径密切相关,固结不排水侧向卸载试验（CDLU）测得的有效内摩擦角 较常规三轴固结不排水试验（CD）试验大20%,而有效黏聚力 小了46%;CDLU试验得到的三轴压缩试验的参考割线模量 为CD试验的2.9倍,卸载再加载参考割线模量 为CD试验的1.8倍;在相同加载路径下,模型参数值也受排水条件的影响,由CU试验得到的 与CD试验的结果相近,但CU试验得到的 要明显大于CD试验的结果,CU试验得到的 为CD试验的2倍, 为CD试验的3.8倍。因此,在岩土工程数值分析中应根据工程的实际情况确定和选用模型参数值。 相似文献
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周期性循环载荷作用下岩石声发射规律试验研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
声发射是岩石等脆性材料内部损伤的伴生现象。在周期性循环载荷作用下通过改变不同应力幅度和不同加载速率对细粒砂岩进行声发射试验研究,探讨了声发射在周期性载荷作用下的声发射规律。研究结果表明,改变上限应力对声发射现象的影响显著,而改变下限应力的影响主要在循环末期,提早了每个循环声发射产生时间;加载速率的增加提高了声发射率,特别是循环过程中主裂纹的形成和扩展阶段,加快了岩石破坏进程;不同应力幅度和加载速率下声发射表现出不同的发展模式,不同模式预示着不同的岩石变形破坏速率。 相似文献
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A study of failure properties of granite specimens under compression, tension, shear conditions at different loading rates has been conducted. The tests, having loading rates from 10-1 to 108 kg/cm2/sec, were carried out on a fast loading equipment for rock mechanics teat. It has been found that the strength of the granite specimens increases with the increasing of loading rates. Based on this study and some results from field tests, a criterion of dynamic failure of granite is presented. 相似文献
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以CCD相机配合高速相机搭建试验变形观测系统,开展不同加载速率下含Ⅰ型预制裂纹花岗岩试件的三点弯试验。利用数字散斑相关方法对试验过程采集的数字散斑图像进行分析,对不同加载速率作用下含Ⅰ型预制裂纹花岗岩试件裂纹扩展过程中的变形演化特征、裂纹扩展速率、裂纹尖端张开位移、裂纹张开角以及初始断裂应力强度因子进行研究,研究结果表明：（1）花岗岩试件初始裂纹扩展速率随着加载速率的增加总体呈线性增加趋势;最大扩展速率随着加载速率增加呈现先较快增加后缓慢增加的变化趋势。（2）不同加载速率作用下,花岗岩试件预制裂纹尖端张开位移均呈现非线性缓慢增长-迅速增长-线性增长的变形趋势,且线性增长阶段曲线斜率随着加载速率的增加而增大。（3）随着加载速率的增加,花岗岩试件初始裂纹张开角先逐渐减小后稳定在0.1o～0.13o。（4）随着加载速率的增加,花岗岩试件初始断裂应力强度因子呈指数增长。 相似文献
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为研究花岗岩在三轴循环加卸载条件下气体渗透率的演化规律,利用岩石多场耦合三轴试验仪分别对花岗岩进行三轴恒下限分级循环加卸载试验和气体渗透试验。试验结果表明：加载曲线与上一次循环卸载曲线形成塑性滞回环,随着循环次数的增加,每个循环应力下限的轴向应变也随之增加;前期几个循环试样体积压缩明显,以轴向压缩变形为主,后期轴向应力达到一定数值时体积由压缩转为扩容,裂纹发展方向偏向于轴向方向,均呈剪切脆性破坏;气体渗透率变化分为稳定下降阶段、缓慢增加阶段、急剧上升阶段3个阶段,试样脆性破坏后气体渗透率均上升2～3个数量级;体积应变曲线拐点与横向应变曲线结合起来可以作为研究岩石渗透率变化规律的一个重要参考因素。 相似文献
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In this study, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on granite specimens containing three non-coplanar holes. The relationships between the stress, acoustic emission (AE) and crack evolution process were analyzed using AE measuring and photographic monitoring techniques. Particle flow code (PFC) was then used to simulate the strength failure behaviors of the specimens with three non-coplanar holes under uniaxially loading. Four typical crack coalescence patterns were identified, i.e., shear, mixed tensile and shear, and tensile. The crack evolution mechanisms around the pre-existing holes in the granite specimens were revealed by an analysis of the force and displacement fields. 相似文献
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Static and Dynamic Flexural Strength Anisotropy of Barre Granite 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
Granite exhibits anisotropy due to pre-existing microcracks under tectonic loadings; and the mechanical property anisotropy such as flexural/tensile strength is vital to many rock engineering applications. In this paper, Barre Granite is studied to understand the flexural strength anisotropy under a wide range of loading rates using newly proposed semi-circular bend tests. Static tests are conducted with a MTS hydraulic servo-control testing machine and dynamic tests with a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. Six samples groups are fabricated with respect to the three principle directions of Barre granite. Pulse shaping technique is used in all dynamic SHPB tests to facilitate dynamic stress equilibrium. Finite element method is utilized to build up equations calculating the flexural tensile strength. For samples in the same orientation group, a loading rate dependence of the flexural tensile strength is observed. The measured flexural tensile strength is higher than the tensile strength measured using Brazilian disc method at given loading rate and this scenario has been rationalized using a non-local failure theory. The flexural tensile strength anisotropy features obvious dependence on the loading rates, the higher the loading rate, the less the anisotropy and this phenomenon may be explained considering the interaction of the preferentially oriented microcracks. 相似文献
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Influence of Sample Height-to-Width Ratios on Failure Mode for Rectangular Prism Samples of Hard Rock Loaded In Uniaxial Compression 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Surface-parallel slabbing is a failure mode often observed in highly stressed hard rocks in underground excavations. This
paper presents the results of experimental studies on slabbing failure of hard rock with different sample height-to-width
ratios. The main purpose of this study was to find out the condition to create slabbing failure under uniaxial compression
and to determine the slabbing strength of hard rock in the laboratory. Uniaxial compression tests were carried out using five
groups of granite specimens. The mechanical parameters of the sample rock, Iddefjord granite from Norway, were measured on
the cylindrical and Brazilian disc specimens. The transition of the failure mode was studied using rectangular prism specimens.
The initiation and the propagation of slabbing fractures in specimens were identified by examining the relationship among
the applied stress, strain and the acoustic emission. The stress thresholds identified were compared to those reported by
other authors for crack initiation and brittle failure. It is observed that the macro failure mode will be transformed from
shear to slabbing when the height/width ratio is reduced to 0.5 in the prism specimens under uniaxial compression. Micro σ
1-parallel fractures initiate when the lateral strain departs from its linearity. Slabbing fractures are approximately parallel
to the loading direction. Labotatory tests show that the slabbing strength (σ
sl) of hard rock is about 60% of its uniaxial compression strength. It means that if the maximum tangential stress surrounding
an underground excavation reaches about the slabbing threshold, slabbing fractures may take place on the boundary of the excavation.
Therefore, the best way to stop or eliminate slabbing failure is to control the excavation boundary to avoid the big stress
concentration, so that the maximum tangential stress could be under the slabbing threshold. 相似文献
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Fissures in natural rocks play an important role in determining the strength, deformability and failure behavior of rock mass. However in the past, triaxial compression experiments have rarely been conducted for rock materials containing three-dimensional (3-D) fissures and the failure mechanical behavior of fissured rocks is not well known due to the difficulty of conducting triaxial experiments on fissured rocks. Therefore in this research, conventional triaxial compression experiments were performed to study the strength, deformability and failure behavior of granite specimens with one preexisting open fissure. Thirty-one specimens were prepared to perform conventional triaxial compression tests for intact and fissured granite. First, based on the experimental results, the effects of the confining pressure and the fissure angle on the elastic modulus and the peak axial strain of granite specimens are analyzed. Second, the influence of the confining pressure on the crack damage threshold and the peak strength of granite with respect to various fissure angles are evaluated. For the same fissure angle, the crack damage threshold and the peak strength of granite both increase with the confining pressure, which is in good agreement with the linear Mohr–Coulomb criterion. With increasing fissure angle, the cohesion of granite first increases and later decreases, but the internal friction angle is not obviously dependent on the fissure angle. Third, nine crack types are identified to analyze the failure characteristics of granite specimens containing a single fissure under conventional triaxial compression. Finally, a series of X-ray microcomputed tomography (CT) observations were conducted to analyze the internal damage mechanism of granite specimens with respect to various fissure angles. Reconstructed 3-D CT images indicate obvious effects of confining pressure and fissure angle on the crack system of granite specimens. The study helps to elucidate the fundamental nature of rock failure under conventional triaxial compression. 相似文献
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从大理岩常规三轴加、卸荷室内试验出发,结合PFC3D颗粒流程序进行分析,在明确室内试验与数值模拟试验卸荷速率对应关系的基础上,对不同卸荷速率下试样破坏过程的力学特性及破坏机制进行探讨。结果表明：加、卸荷路径下整个加载过程中张拉裂纹数量均明显高于剪切裂纹;常规三轴试验损伤应力之后,裂纹围绕某一速率进行扩展,卸荷试验损伤应力之后,裂纹的发展是突发性的;不同应力路径下试样损伤破坏的差异性主要形成于损伤应力至峰值应力这一阶段,直至卸荷速率超过6 MPa/s,试样的损伤程度与破坏形式逐渐趋于一致;随着围压的增大,不同卸荷速率下岩石破坏均呈现出由张拉破坏逐渐向剪切破坏过渡。 相似文献