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1.
A.-M. Ertel A. Lupo N. Scheifhacken T. Bodnarchuk O. Manturova T. U. Berendonk T. Petzoldt 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(5):1459-1473
A pronounced pollution of surface water bodies in the Western Bug River Basin, Ukraine, has been caused by outdated or overloaded
wastewater treatment plants, agriculture, industry and coal mining. These pressures have led to a generally poor state of
both chemical and microbiological variables creating health risks of various kinds. The state of surface water quality for
the Western Bug and five main tributaries was assessed by measuring physical, chemical and microbiological indicators during
field campaigns in autumn 2009 and spring 2010. Longitudinal profiles were sampled to identify major sources of pollution
and to reveal dominant processes of matter turnover. In addition, the occurrence of antibiotic resistant strains in isolates
from stations along the Bug River was investigated. Results clearly underpin the negative impact of the Poltva River as a
major source of pollution for the Bug River and further outline an elevated potential health risk from pathogenic bacteria
originating from this source. Despite these devastating impacts, a high elimination potential of the Bug River with respect
to primary organic loads as well as elimination of pathogenic bacteria was observed particularly at Dobrotvir Reservoir. Further
downstream, pollution is kept high because of untreated waste effluents and phytoplankton mass developments due to high phosphorus
concentrations. 相似文献
2.
Algal blooms and fish kills were reported on a river in coastal Georgia (USA) downstream of a poultry-processing plant, prompting officials to conclude the problems resulted from overland flow associated with over-application of wastewater at the plant’s land application system (LAS). An investigation was undertaken to test the hypothesis that contaminated groundwater was also playing a significant role. Weekly samples were collected over a 12-month period along an 18 km reach of the river and key tributaries. Results showed elevated nitrogen concentrations in tributaries draining the plant and a tenfold increase in nitrate in the river between the tributary inputs. Because ammonia concentrations were low in this reach, it was concluded that nitrate was entering via groundwater discharge. Data from detailed river sampling and direct groundwater samples from springs and boreholes were used to isolate the entry point of the contaminant plume. Analysis showed two separate plumes, one associated with the plant’s unlined wastewater lagoon and another with its LAS spray fields. The continuous discharge of contaminated groundwater during summer low-flow conditions was found to have a more profound impact on river-water quality than periodic inputs by overland flow and tributary runoff. 相似文献
3.
The waters of the Seine river estuary, located in a highly anthropogenicized area in the northern part of France, are of poor
microbiological quality; the concentrations of faecal bacteria usually exceed the European Union bathing and recreational
water directives. The aim of the present study was to identify the main sources of the faecal pollution of the Seine estuary
in order to help define priorities for management and sanitation efforts. Budgets of faecal coliform (FC) inputs to the estuary
were established for various hydrological conditions. Main sources of FC were the outfalls of the treated effluents of the
wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located along the estuary, the faecal bacteria brought in through the tributaries of the
Seine estuary, and the faecal bacteria transported by the Seine river flow at the estuary entrance at Poses dam. In order
to quantify these inputs, FC were enumerated during sampling campaigns conducted for various hydrological conditions in the
Seine at the entrance of the estuary, in the tributaries close to their confluence with the estuary, and in the effluents
of some WWTPs located along the estuary. The importance of the flux of FC transported by the Seine river flow at the estuary
entrance at Poses dam decreased from 92% of the total FC input when the flow rate was high (717 m3 s−1) to 5% when flow rate was low (143 m3 s−1). The release of the domestic wastewaters of the large city of Paris located 120 km upstream from the entrance of the estuary
was mainly responsible for this microbiological pollution. At low flow rates, the tributaries represent the most important
source of FC (64–76% for flow rates of the Seine at Poses at approximately 150 m3 s−1), mainly from the Robec and Eure rivers. The treated wastewater of the WWTPs located along the estuary was the second source
of FC for low flow conditions (19–30%); it was less important for high to intermediate flow rate conditions. 相似文献
4.
“Anthropogenic” gadolinium, Gd, used in contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, is a micropollutant that enters river and lake waters with the discharge from wastewater treatment plants, WWTPs. Such discharge is also the source of other micropollutants, for example pharmaceuticals, such as steroids, antihistamins, and antibiotics. Together with the “natural” Gd, the anthropogenic Gd produces positive Gd anomalies in rare-earth element distribution patterns and is, therefore, easily detectable. This pilot study reports on the occurrence of anthropogenic Gd in rivers in Pennsylvania (Ohio, Beaver, Allegheny, Monongahela, Juniata, and Susquehanna) and in near-shore surface water from Lake Erie close to the city of Buffalo. Additional data are reported for the Delaware River and the headwaters of Spring Creek in Central Pennsylvania, and for Lake Ontario and Niagara River, all of which do not show significant anthropogenic Gd. Most pronounced impact of anthropogenic Gd discharged from WWTPs is observed in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan area. Such contamination is similar to that observed in densely populated areas with highly developed medical and healthcare systems in Europe and Japan. Its worldwide applicability adds to the promising potential of anthropogenic Gd as a cost-effective tracer for the presence of WWTP effluent in river, lake, ground, and drinking waters. 相似文献
5.
Walton R. Kelly Samuel V. Panno Keith C. Hackley Hue-Hwa Hwang Adam T. Martinsek Momcilo Markus 《Applied Geochemistry》2010
Chloride concentrations in waterways of northern USA are increasing at alarming rates and road salt is commonly assumed to be the cause. However, there are additional sources of Cl− in metropolitan areas, such as treated wastewater (TWW) and water conditioning salts, which may be contributing to Cl− loads entering surface waters. In this study, the potential sources of Cl− and Cl− loads in the Illinois River Basin from the Chicago area to the Illinois River’s confluence with the Mississippi River were investigated using halide data in stream samples and published Cl− and river discharge data. The investigation showed that road salt runoff and TWW from the Chicago region dominate Cl− loads in the Illinois Waterway, defined as the navigable sections of the Illinois River and two major tributaries in the Chicago region. Treated wastewater discharges at a relatively constant rate throughout the year and is the primary source of Cl− and other elements such as F− and B. Chloride loads are highest in the winter and early spring as a result of road salt runoff which can increase Cl− concentrations by up to several hundred mg/L. Chloride concentrations decrease downstream in the Illinois Waterway due to dilution, but are always elevated relative to tributaries downriver from Chicago. The TWW component is especially noticeable downstream under low discharge conditions during summer and early autumn when surface drainage is at a minimum and agricultural drain tiles are not flowing. 相似文献
6.
The Nador lagoon ecosystem (North-East of Morocco) displays a major socioeconomic interest. In fact, it is essential to evaluate consequences of anthropogenic activities in the lagoon especially by organic matter studies (nature and distribution) in the sedimentary compartment. Surface sediments show variable rates in total organic carbon and in sulfur, high in some cases (7.5 and 1.8% respectively). These high contents are recorded in the center of the lagoon. Their distributions are controlled by the hydrodynamism and the anthropogenic degree. The molecular biomarkers analyses and especially n-alkanes distribution reveal: a zone of marine influence; and a zone of continental influence. The occurrence of pentacyclic triterpanes with a typical distribution of a thermally mature organic matter reveals a contamination due to petroleum products in the entire lagoon except for the center. Coprostanol occurrence near cities indicates wastewater effluents inputs and reducing conditions underlined by high values of stanols/sterol ratios. Thus, the organic contamination (petroleum by-products and wastewater effluents) occurs in the vicinity of the cities whereas the littoral edge and center remain weakly affected by these contaminations. 相似文献
7.
The concentration of heavy metals and metalloids (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn) in sediments from the River Llobregat and its tributaries (Anoia and Cardener) was studied. Samples collected at 17 locations during four different periods were analysed by ICP-MS. The heavy metal enrichment at some sites along the rivers reflects the effects of agricultural activities, sewage treatment plant effluents, collectors' discharges and industrial activities. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to describe trends in contamination and to find groupings among the investigated areas. The Llobregat and Cardener sediments appeared to have features of an unpolluted river, even though significant amounts of domestic and industrial wastewater are discharged into these rivers. On the other hand, the sediments from the River Anoia showed high Cr and Hg levels originating from industrial activities. The concentrations of Cr and Hg ranged from 91–540 and 0.28–2.29 µg/g respectively. 相似文献
8.
The pharmaceutical drug carbamazepine is considered an effective wastewater marker. The varying concentration of this drug was analyzed in a mature karst spring following a precipitation event. The results show that carbamazepine is an indicator of wastewater entering the system through a fast flow pathway, leading to an increase of the drug concentrations in spring water shortly after a strong rainfall event. The analysis of the breakthrough curve of carbamazepine along with the electrical conductivity signal and major ions chemograph allowed the development of a conceptual model for precipitation event-based flow and transport in the investigated karst system. Furthermore the amount of newly recharged water and the mass of carbamazepine reaching the aquifer system during the event could be estimated using a simple mixing approach. The distance between the karst spring and the potential carbamazepine source was estimated by the combination of results from artificial tracer tests and the carbamazepine breakthrough curve. The assessment of spring responses to precipitation event using persistent drugs like carbamazepine helps assess the effect of waste water contamination at a spring and gives therefore insights to the specific vulnerability of a karst spring. 相似文献
9.
R. Reza G. Singh Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(4):785-792
The objective of the study is to reveal the seasonal variations in the river water quality with respect to heavy metals contamination. To get the extend of trace metals contamination, water samples were collected from twelve different locations along the course of the river and its tributaries on summer and the winter seasons. The concentrations of trace metals such as cadmium, cromium, copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, mercury and zinc were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Most of the samples were found within limit of Indian drinking water standard (IS: 10500). The data generated were used to calculate the heavy metal pollution index of river water. The mean values of HPI were 36.19 in summer and 32.37 for winter seasons and these values are well below the critical index limit of 100 because of the sufficient flow in river system. Mercury and chromium could not be traced in any of the samples in the study area. 相似文献
10.
M. Parween AL. Ramanathan N. J. Raju 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(10):2109-2124
The present study aims at assessing water quality of river Yamuna in one of the world’s most polluted and populated megacities, Delhi. Conductivity, salinity and sodium content were within the permissible categories. Chloride concentration exceeded acceptable levels of drinking water guidelines. Water quality was poor at all locations with respect to heavy metal contamination, especially along the lower section of the Delhi stretch. Heavy metal concentrations were manifold higher than the acceptable limits of drinking water according to the BIS guidelines and reached ~29, 4.9, 10, 31, 27, 83, 7.3 and 27 times higher, respectively, for metals aluminum, copper, chromium, cadmium, iron, lead, manganese and nickel. The Najafgarh and the Shahdara drains are major point sources. Low oxidation–reduction potential reflected high organic loads and traces of eutrophication together with significant levels of nitrate and total phosphate. Discharges from agriculture, sewage and power plants could be important sources of high metal concentration. This calls for urgent measures to be taken for prevention of metal contamination in the river, through both, technology as well as implementation of regulations in order to sustain huge populations in megacities like Delhi. Waste water treatment from point sources needs tremendous improvement on the city. Treatment of the entire waste generated up to the tertiary level is required for minimizing dissolved solids, especially toxic metals, and rendering reuse in agriculture suitable. Treatment plants need proper operation, maintenance, uninterrupted power supply and regular monitoring. Various measure and programmes need to be undertaken to ensure safe reuse of wastewater. 相似文献
11.
Water pollution is a widespread problem in different areas of the world. Some of these problems originated from point contamination sources and widespread contaminant outlet sources which are observed in every country. The major elements and chemical loads of surface water have been dominated by constituents derived directly or indirectly from human activities and/or industrial practices that have increased additives in the last several decades. The point sources of contamination may result from the direct wastewater discharges to the dam sites, which are considered to be the most commonly encountered water pollution problems. One of these problems is the eutrophication process which usually occurs in the static water mass of lakes and other surface water reservoirs. This process may be caused by the continuous increase of nitrogen and phosphorus contents and decrease of O2 level in water causing an anaerobic condition which may stimulate algae-growth flow in these water bodies, consequently reducing the quality of water. Of course, there are many research methods for determining the various kinds of water pollution. In this research, the hydrochemical parameters were evaluated to estimate the types of pollution sources, the level of pollution, and its environmental impacts on the Tahtal dam reservoir. 相似文献
12.
Temporal and spatial variations in water flow and sediment load in Narmada River Basin, India: natural and man-made factors 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Narmada River flows through the Deccan volcanics and transports water and sediments to the adjacent Arabian Sea. In a
first-ever attempt, spatial and temporal (annual, seasonal, monthly and daily) variations in water discharge and sediment
loads of Narmada River and its tributaries and the probable causes for these variations are discussed. The study has been
carried out with data from twenty-two years of daily water discharge at nineteen locations and sediment concentrations data
at fourteen locations in the entire Narmada River Basin. Water flow in the river is a major factor influencing sediment loads
in the river. The monsoon season, which accounts for 85 to 95% of total annual rainfall in the basin, is the main source of
water flow in the river. Almost 85 to 98% of annual sediment loads in the river are transported during the monsoon season
(June to November). The average annual sediment flux to the Arabian Sea at Garudeshwar (farthest downstream location) is 34.29×106 t year−1 with a water discharge of 23.57 km3 year−1. These numbers are the latest and revised estimates for Narmada River. Water flow in the river is influenced by rainfall,
catchment area and groundwater inputs, whereas rainfall intensity, geology/soil characteristics of the catchment area and
presence of reservoirs/dams play a major role in sediment discharge. The largest dam in the basin, namely Sardar Sarovar Dam,
traps almost 60–80% of sediments carried by the river before it reaches the Arabian Sea. 相似文献
13.
《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(11):2138-2153
Recent geochemical and hydrological findings show that the water quality of the base flow of the Lower Jordan River, between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea, is dependent upon the ratio between surface water flow and groundwater discharge. Using water quality data, mass-balance calculations, and actual flow-rate measurements, possible management scenarios for the Lower Jordan River and their potential affects on its salinity are investigated. The predicted scenarios reveal that implementation of some elements of the Israel–Jordan peace treaty will have negative effects on the Jordan River water salinity. It is predicted that removal of sewage effluents dumped into the river (∼13 MCM/a) will significantly reduce the river water’s flow and increase the relative proportion of the saline groundwater flux into the river. Under this scenario, the Cl content of the river at its southern point (Abdalla Bridge) will rise to almost 7000 mg/L during the summer. In contrast, removal of all the saline water (16.5 MCM/a) that is artificially discharged into the Lower Jordan River will significantly reduce its Cl concentration, to levels of 650–2600 and 3000–3500 mg/L in the northern and southern areas of the Lower Jordan River, respectively. However, because the removal of either the sewage effluents or the saline water will decrease the river’s discharge to a level that could potentially cause river desiccation during the summer months, other water sources must be allocated to preserve in-stream flow needs and hence the river’s ecosystem. 相似文献
14.
The ability to detect hydrologic variation in large arctic river systems is of major importance in understanding and predicting effects of climate change in high-latitude environments. Monitoring uranium isotopes (234U and 238U) in river water of the Yukon River Basin of Alaska and northwestern Canada (2001?C2005) has enhanced the ability to identify water sources to rivers, as well as detect flow changes that have occurred over the 5-year study. Uranium isotopic data for the Yukon River and major tributaries (the Porcupine and Tanana rivers) identify several sources that contribute to river flow, including: deep groundwater, seasonally frozen river-valley alluvium groundwater, and high-elevation glacial melt water. The main-stem Yukon River exhibits patterns of uranium isotopic variation at several locations that reflect input from ice melt and shallow groundwater in the spring, as well as a multi-year pattern of increased variability in timing and relative amount of water supplied from higher elevations within the basin. Results of this study demonstrate both the utility of uranium isotopes in revealing sources of water in large river systems and of incorporating uranium isotope analysis in long-term monitoring of arctic river systems that attempt to assess the effects of climate change. 相似文献
15.
B. K. Bhadra Suparn Pathak J. R. Sharma 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):675-691
Groundwater pollution due to industrial effluents from textile units around Pali city area is the major concern to the local villagers and the district administration. Indiscriminate discharge of these effluents in the past two decades caused severe damage to the agricultural land and groundwater resources within 3 km buffer zone of the Bandi river. Remote Sensing and GIS techniques are found to be better tools in assessing the damage in agricultural crops during 1997 and 2006 with the help of high resolution satellite images. Groundwater fluctuation trend with annual rainfall pattern during 1985 and 2005 indicate good recharge in the study area. Detailed analysis of groundwater quality parameters (TDS, Cl and SO4) and heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd and Cr) for 1997–98 indicates maximum concentration around Chatelao village and Dholera Jagir in the downstream direction of Bandi river. However, temporal analysis of groundwater samples collected in January, 2009 shows marginal decrease in concentration of TDS, Cl, SO4, Pb and Cu in both groundwater as well as river effluents. Slight improvement in water quality especially heavy metals in the last 12 years (1998–2009) may be attributed to the appropriate measures (treatment of wastewater and solid waste disposal) taken by the establishment of three Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP) in Pali city area. However, a few stringent actions may be taken to avoid direct discharge of the effluents into Bandi river. 相似文献
16.
长江流域河水和悬浮物的锂同位素地球化学研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
深入理解流域侵蚀过程中的锂同位素分馏对于运用锂同位素来示踪化学循环和气候变化是十分必要的。研究集中在长江干流和主要支流的水体和悬浮物的锂及锂同位素组成。长江流域水体的锂及锂同位素组成（δ7Li）分别为150~4 570 nmol/L和+7.6‰~+28.1‰,两者沿上游至下游的变化趋势相反。悬浮物锂同位素组成（δ7Li）变化比较稳定,分别为41~92 μg/g和-4.7‰~+0.7‰,而且总是低于相应水体的锂同位素组成。悬浮物和流体之间的锂同位素分馏系数在0.977和0.992之间,与悬浮物的量及组成存在明显相关性,反映了粘土矿物的吸附和化学风化的程度。锂含量与锂同位素组成之间良好的负相关性表明流域水体的锂来自2个端元混合：其一可能是蒸发盐岩,并伴有深部热泉水;其二可能是硅酸岩。 相似文献
17.
历史记录与堆积区证据显示,四川泸定磨西河泥石流历史上堵断大渡河事件易发、频发,为泥石流堵河的典型案例。为了深入剖析磨西河泥石流相关物理参数对其入汇主河运动过程的影响,本文采用1∶500几何相似模型进行了物理模拟试验,结果表明:1)泥石流密度、流量比对泥石流堵河影响程度大,其均与泥石流堵河程度显著正相关,密度、流量比越大,堵河程度越严重,且存在发生堵河事件的临界点;2)流速比对堵塞影响程度小;3)磨西河堵断大渡河的早期识别指标为,当磨西河泥石流流量大于2 000 m3/s,泥石流物质组成为漂卵石混中粗砂、少含水时,磨西河泥石流易发生堵断大渡河的危害。磨西河泥石流堵断大渡河事件具有很强的偶然性与不确定性,本文仅选取磨西河与大渡河交汇区开展物理模拟试验,通过试验获取影响堵河发生的单因子临界值进行堵河早期识别,可能存在一定误差,但不失为堵河判别方法的创新,具有一定的实践意义,也为相关泥石流入汇主河早期识别理论与试验研究提供了技术方法。 相似文献
18.
通过描述Fe、Mn在水库中的氧化还原变化、吸附、解吸、沉降及再悬浮,考虑水流运动对Fe、Mn迁移变化的影响,研制了水库三维水动力模式及三维Fe、Mn迁移变化模式,从而建立了完整的水库三维Fe、Mn迁移分布模拟模型。该模型在阿哈水库实际运用效果良好。模拟结果表明,水库水流运动整体流速较小,Fe、Mn在水库中平行迁移运动缓慢。进入水库的Fe、Mn负荷大量沉入库底,在水体缺氧条件下,底质中Fe、Mn重新释放,形成明显的Fe、Mn分布垂直梯度,造成水库下层Fe、Mn大大超过国家生活饮用水质量标准。 相似文献
19.
娘子关泉域群泉是中国北方最大的岩溶泉,泉域汇水面积达7 436 km2,前人认为:泉域内岩溶水由北、西、南3面向娘子关一带径流汇集,由于娘子关一带下奥陶系燧石团块或条带白云岩相对隔水层隆起,并被桃河侵蚀出露,使岩溶地下水溢出地表成泉群,其主要含水层为中奥陶系含石膏碳酸盐岩。但各泉的水化学、同位素特征有差异,娘子关泉群并不是出自统一源。文章通过水化学、同位素、水文地质剖面等方法研究得出: 娘子关泉域存在两个含水层、三个子系统:中奥陶系灰岩含水层和中上寒武系白云岩含水层;西部奥陶系岩溶水系统、东部奥陶系岩溶水系统和东部中上寒武系岩溶水系统。泉域内城西泉与程家泉出露于中奥陶系下马家沟组泥灰岩之上,含水层为中奥陶系灰岩裂隙、溶隙水,由于区域下马家沟组泥灰岩隆起隔水出露地表成泉,属于东部奥陶系岩溶水系统;坡底泉、五龙泉、河北泉、水帘洞泉、苇泽关泉其补给主要来源于中上寒武系含水岩组,为承压上升泉,属于东部中上寒武系岩溶水系统。 相似文献
20.
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the groundwater quality in Dindugal district of Tamil Nadu based on the water quality index by geographic information system (GIS) and statistical analysis. This area consists of 80 functional tanneries around Dindigul town with a capacity to process about 200 Mt of hides and skins as leather. In 13 villages, as many as 1090 houses were damaged by tannery contamination. A total of 66 groundwater samples were collected to identify the geochemical sources and contamination. The order of major cations is Na > Ca > Mg > K, while that of anions is Cl > SO4 > HCO3 > F > PO4. CaCl2, MgCl2, and (CaHCO3)2 types suggested that the mixing of high-salinity water was caused by irrigation return flow, domestic wastewater, and septic tank effluents, with existing water followed by ion exchange reactions. Moreover, Gibbs plots indicated that groundwater contamination was derived from the weathering of granitic gneisses as well as the leaching of evaporated and crystallized ions from agricultural and industrial effluents. The water quality index (WQI) exhibited 8 % of the groundwater samples were not suitable for drinking purpose. The GIS maps showed that the poor water quality decreased toward the southern part of the study area. WQI of TDS, fluoride, sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate were high in groundwater. Multivariate statistical analyses (principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA)) suggested that the groundwater chemistry was changed by the weathering of source rocks ion exchange and leaching of inorganic components and addition from anthropogenic effluents. Finally, it is thought that the monitoring and assessment works are very useful to understand the degree and sources of groundwater contamination. 相似文献