共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 671 毫秒
1.
通过分析研究某农药化工企业密集区地下水水质及污染状况,按照国家有关标准,采用单指标评价法和内梅罗指数法对地下水的质量进行评价。评价结果显示：该区域地下水水质普遍较差,大部分为Ⅳ类及Ⅴ类水质,已不适于饮用。然后对该区域地下水污染进行评价,结果显示地下水有机和无机污染严重,并形成了以某农药化工企业为污染源并沿岩溶地下水流向的一个卤代烃类有机物污染羽,这表明造成该研究区岩溶地下水污染的主要污染源为某农药化工企业。最后根据评价结果,提出相应的控制地下水污染的建议和措施,为该地区制定地下水开发利用规划提供科学依据。 相似文献
2.
预警等级及阈值的科学确定对地下水污染风险预警系统的建立起着至关重要的作用。当前我国地下水污染风险预警相关研究尚处在探索阶段,未形成科学完备的理论与方法体系。文章基于国内外已有研究报道,较系统地梳理了地下水污染风险预警相关研究,归纳总结了预警等级及阈值确定方法的研究现状,并对进一步研究做了展望。目前阈值主要的划定方法有相关标准法、临界值法、综合评判法等。相关标准法适用于大尺度宏观区域,临界值法在基础资料较完善的研究区域具有较强的针对性和准确性,而综合评判法能够处理多个变量因素,能对定性因素做出量化评价,适用于变量、定性因素较多的研究区域,为不同条件研究区地下水污染风险预警等级划分及阈值划定方法的选择提供了理论依据。最后指出在完善我国地下水污染风险预警体系理论方法的工作中,应当进一步关注:（1）多学科研究成果的交叉渗透,借助多方法交互应用;（2）加强与地下水污染相关的水文地质调查与监测工作,不断提高地下水污染调查研究程度;（3）综合分析地质、污染源、地下水价值及动态等地下水污染影响因素,以提高预警结果科学性。 相似文献
3.
昆明大板桥岩溶地下水系统污染边界及其防污性能研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
大板桥岩溶地下水系统是滇东断陷盆地区较典型的裸露—覆盖型岩溶地下水系统,文章中定义了岩溶地下水系统污染边界,进行了大板桥岩溶地下水系统分级,即大板桥裸露—覆盖型岩溶水一级系统及横山—龙泉寺裸露型子系统和大板桥—阿地村覆盖型子系统两个二级子系统,确定了大板桥岩溶地下水系统侧向边界、裸露区顶界、裸露型子系统与覆盖型子系统的边界及覆盖区顶界四种裸露—覆盖型岩溶地下水系统污染边界,并对边界防污性能进行了研究,认为裸露区顶界防污性能弱、裸露型子系统与覆盖型子系统的侧向边界防污性能较弱,覆盖区顶界防污性能强。 相似文献
4.
广州市白云区岩溶塌陷风险初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
识别出广州白云区岩溶塌陷风险因素,构建岩溶塌陷层次递阶结构模型,运用层次分析法的相关原理计算出基本风险因素对岩溶塌陷风险事件的影响权重。定义极易塌陷区Ⅰ、易塌陷区Ⅱ、次易塌陷区Ⅲ、不易塌陷区Ⅳ和稳定区Ⅴ共5个岩溶塌陷等级分区,建立各基本风险因素5个等级与岩溶塌陷等级分区的对应关系。为实现岩溶塌陷风险的定量评价,定义单因素致塌概率pi,引入伯努利试验建立岩溶塌陷概率计算模型,选取覆盖层厚度、岩溶发育程度、地下水位埋深、基岩岩性、覆盖层结构与底板岩性、地下水开采强度、地下活动强度和地表施工加载与振动等8个基本风险因素参与评价单元塌陷概率计算,并据此确定岩溶塌陷风险等级狭义标准,为区域岩溶塌陷等级分区的划分提供参考依据。岩溶塌陷风险等级分区表明：极易塌陷区集中在分析区内的江村、古楼岗、泉溪、西湖、社岗一带;易塌陷区和次易塌陷区主要分布在江高镇和原石井镇等地带。风险等级分区与白云区已有岩溶塌陷历史统计资料及塌陷危害程度评价结果较为吻合,从而验证了评价方法的有效性。 相似文献
5.
基于FEFLOW的岩溶管道模型构建方法探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
岩溶管道流模型的刻画一直是岩溶区开展地下水数值模拟研究中的难点所在,基于此,文章以贵州六枝特区某项目为例进行地下水数值模拟研究,探索了在FEFLOW离散特性功能模块下岩溶管道流模型的刻画方式与方法。在详细分析研究区地质及水文地质条件的基础上,对研究区范围、边界、含水层结构等概化,建立了研究区的水文地质概念模型;以ArcGIS软件为辅助,基于有限元法的FEFLOW软件为操作平台,利用区内钻孔资料及野外测算结果,通过软件公式编辑、插值等功能分别获得各层顶底板高程属性,将数据输入FEFLOW后,对模拟区平面三角剖分进而空间离散构建了研究区的三维地质模型;并利用FEFLOW软件的离散特性功能模块,将研究区灰场南部岩溶洼地与岩脚泉间划定为特定区域,建立缓冲区并给予其高特异性,耦合哈根-泊肃叶流体流动公式,在模型中刻画了岩溶管道流模型;最后探讨了特殊地质构造与岩溶管道模型的刻画方式与方法刻画出了符合案例区的三维向斜褶皱地质模型和岩溶管道流模型。 相似文献
6.
岩溶隧道突涌水危险性评价的属性识别模型及其工程应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
岩溶突涌水是岩溶地区隧道建设中的主要地质灾害之一,为有效控制岩溶隧道突水涌泥风险、确保隧道建设安全,基于属性数学理论建立了岩溶隧道突涌水危险性评价的属性识别模型。首先,根据隧址区岩溶水文地质及工程地质条件,选取地层岩性、不良地质、地下水位、地形地貌、岩层产状、可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带及层间与层间裂隙等作为属性评价的一级指标,其中不良地质情况分为含水构造、岩溶水系统和断层破碎带3个二级指标。通过对典型岩溶隧道突涌水实例的系统收集与整理分析,采用频数统计法确定一级评价指标所占权重;采用层次分析法构造判断矩阵确定二级评价指标的权重;其次,对评价指标进行属性测度分析,通过构建各评价指标的属性测度函数以计算单指标属性测度及样本综合属性测度;最后应用置信度准则对隧道突涌水危险性进行属性识别。在工程应用中,采用建立的属性识别模型对三峡翻坝高速公路鸡公岭隧道突涌水危险性进行评价,评价结果与现场施工情况吻合较好,为岩溶隧道突涌水危险性评价提供了一种有效途径。 相似文献
7.
8.
采用模糊数学方法,选取了6个指标作为评价因子,建立了模糊关系矩阵和评价模型,对南京市的岩溶地下水水质进行了评价,结果反映了南京市的岩溶地下水水质现状,为南京市岩溶地下水资源的规划和管理提供了科学依据. 相似文献
9.
在地下水水质现状、地下水污染趋势、含水层固有脆弱性、污染源荷载风险、地下水污染危害性五个要素的基础上建立了地下水污染预警评价指标体系,利用GIS组件开发技术,与地下水污染预警模型相结合,采用VB.NET+Arc GIS和Engine+Access集成的组件式GIS二次开发模式,开发可脱离GIS平台独立运行的地下水污染预警系统。系统可分别进行研究区域的水质评价、水质预测、含水层固有脆弱性评价、污染源荷载风险计算、污染风险评价、污染预警分析。对典型水源地地区地下水环境污染的警度进行识别,对即将可能出现的警情进行预报,并依据警度划分了防护治理区、重点防护区和一般防护区,提出了相应的防治措施,为政府部门制定地下水污染防治规划服务。 相似文献
10.
11.
Based on the dynamic analysis and research of pollution risk of groundwater sources, this paper creates the dynamic assessment method of pollution risk of groundwater source area under the theory of “source-pathway-receptor”, and applies this method to one typical fissure karst groundwater source area in northern China. Following the 30-year petroleum pollutant migration simulation and pollution risk assessment of groundwater source area, this study finds that the very high risk zone is mainly located in Q Petrochemical Company and the surrounding area and the area adjacent to River Z. Within this period of thirty years, the pollution risk of groundwater source area has showed a dynamic trend that features an inverted “V” shape. The ratio of very high risk zone to the total area will be 18.1%, 17.47% and 16.62% during the tenth year, the twentieth year and the thirtieth year separately, and will reach the highest level of 19.45% during the fifteenth year. Meanwhile, the vertical migration distance of pollutant centre concentration changed from the surface soil at the outset to the deepest point of about 250 meters underground during the tenth year. The results of this risk assessment indicate the dynamic feature of pollution risk. The dilution, degradation and migration of petroleum pollutants in groundwater system contribute to an ultimate decline in pollution risk. 相似文献
12.
岩溶地区地下水污染风险评价方法探究——以地苏地下河系流域为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩溶地下水污染风险评价对岩溶地下水的保护、管理和合理利用具有重要意义。文章总结了近年来国内外地下水污染风险评价方面的研究进展,针对目前评价体系存在的不足,构建了适合岩溶区地下水污染风险评价体系。该方法基于欧洲模式,实现地下水防污性能评价;污染负荷评价则考虑污染物在覆盖层中的衰减过程,利用折减系数实现污染负荷量化;最后,基于GIS空间叠加分析耦合防污性能与污染负荷评价,实现区域地下水污染风险评价。文章以地苏地下河系流域为例,开展岩溶区域地下水污染风险评价,结果表明:区域整体地下水污染风险偏低,地下水中等及以上污染风险区域面积424.41 km2,占研究区总面积的39.03%,主要分布在研究区中东部地苏乡、东庙乡、六也乡局部等人类活动频繁与地苏地下河干流中下游段。地下水污染风险空间分布特征不仅显示了岩性、坡度、岩溶网络发育等自然条件对评价结果的影响,同时也反映了人类活动的影响。地势平缓,岩溶发育程度强烈,加之人类活动频繁是导致区域地下水污染风险较高的原因所在。 相似文献
13.
ZHOU Chang-song ZOU Sheng-zhang ZHU Dan-ni XIE Hao CHEN Hong-feng WANG Jia 《地下水科学与工程》2018,6(2):71-83
Investigation of groundwater pollution has been carried out on multiple typical karst underground river systems in recent years in order to reveal the characteristics and mechanism of underground river pollution. Through the summary of the survey results, five characteristics of underground river pollution have been revealed, including directionality, weak hysteresis, easier for reversibility, linear and intermittent (or seasonal); combining with karst geomorphic types, pollution sources (primordial, secondary pollution and compound), pollution ways and pollution receptors, three basic pollution patterns of the underground river were depicted: Recharge area pollution, runoff area pollution and discharge area pollution. At the same time, the study discloses the reality of the underground river pollution is the three basic patterns and their subgenera in combination with super imposition on the space and time. And from the angle of the hydrogeological model, the study expounds the process of underground river pollution. Finally, the study gives naming rules of pollution pattern of the underground river and sets up PISAB method of pattern recognition. The results provide scientific basis for pollution repair and management of underground river in the southwest karst region. 相似文献
14.
SUN Dong LIU Xin-ze YANG Hai-jun CAO Nan ZHANG Zhi-peng CHEN Yin-song LI Da-meng 《地下水科学与工程》2019,7(3):195-213
Studying the influence of shale gas exploration and development on groundwater environment is the basis of guiding water environment protection in the process of shale gas exploration and development.Groundwater environmental pollution is concealed,complex and persistent.Once it is difficult to control the pollution,the current commercial shale gas development zones in Sichuan Basin that are mostly located in karst areas and highly sensitive to groundwater will be vulnerable to the impact of shale gas exploration and development.Based on the hydrogeological conditions of shale gas exploration and development area and combined with engineering analysis of exploration and development,various risk pathways that may affect the groundwater environment during process of shale gas exploration,mining well construction,mining operations and other stages were identified in this paper.Some existing risk pathways were proved by verification of typical areas and should not be ignored.Based on the actual situation of typical areas,the countermeasures of groundwater environmental protection in the process of shale gas exploration and development in karst areas were discussed.It is believed that the groundwater environment can be better protected by strengthening administration,research and application of new technologies,precise design,hydrogeological conditions,and research and feedback of groundwater environmental protection. 相似文献
15.
SUN Dong LIU Xin-ze YANG Hai-jun CAO Nan ZHANG Zhi-peng CHEN Yin-song LI Da-meng 《地下水科学与工程》2014,7(3):195-213
Studying the influence of shale gas exploration and development on groundwater environment is the basis of guiding water environment protection in the process of shale gas exploration and development. Groundwater environmental pollution is concealed, complex and persistent. Once it is difficult to control the pollution, the current commercial shale gas development zones in Sichuan Basin that are mostly located in karst areas and highly sensitive to groundwater will be vulnerable to the impact of shale gas exploration and development. Based on the hydrogeological conditions of shale gas exploration and development area and combined with engineering analysis of exploration and development, various risk pathways that may affect the groundwater environment during process of shale gas exploration, mining well construction, mining operations and other stages were identified in this paper. Some existing risk pathways were proved by verification of typical areas and should not be ignored. Based on the actual situation of typical areas, the countermeasures of groundwater environmental protection in the process of shale gas exploration and development in karst areas were discussed. It is believed that the ground-water environment can be better protected by strengthening administration, research and application of new technologies, precise design, hydrogeological conditions, and research and feedback of groundwater environmental protection. 相似文献
16.
忻州盆地边山岩溶水与盆地孔隙水存在密切的水力联系,岩溶水系统的圈划与分析对盆地孔隙水资源评价十分重要。文章运用地下水系统分析理论,基于地理信息系统技术,定量提取区域地质(岩相古地理、地层与构造)和水文地质信息,绘制了基于区域隔水底板等高线图、典型剖面图、盆地-山区两壁投影图等信息的岩溶水系统图;运用岩溶水系统图分析得出下马圈泉岩溶水系统与盆地孔隙水存在间接汇水、潜流和河流(泉)渗漏等补给关系,并给出了补给量的计算方法,为忻州盆地地下水资源评价与定量模拟提供了新的水文地质依据与基础。 相似文献
17.
为能快速、准确地对覆盖型岩溶发育区进行地面塌陷危险性评价,提出了基于权重反分析的岩溶地面塌陷危险性评价方法。该方法在确定岩溶地面塌陷主要影响因素的基础上,收集整理了唐山地区100个典型工程实例,进而采用权重反分析方法,求得了岩溶地面塌陷各主要影响因素的权重,并建立了岩溶地面塌陷危险性综合评价的评分表。权重反分析结果表明,选取的5个主要因素的权重分别为：岩溶发育程度0.338、第四系底部隔水层隔水能力0.255、覆盖层厚度0.186、基岩水水位埋深0.174、距断裂距离0.047,采用新建立的评分表对100个工程实例的评价结果显示,其评价的正确率达到99%,证明该表具有良好的可行性与有效性。此外,该评分表具有评价因子易于获取、评价过程简单易懂等特点,可准确、快捷地对与唐山岩溶发育区相似区域的岩溶地面塌陷危险性给出评价,因而值得推广和应用。 相似文献
18.
紧密结合国家非常规能源勘探开发的重大战略,聚焦重庆涪陵页岩气勘查开发区环境地质调查工作,总结了研究区岩溶发育特征与分布规律,评价了涪陵页岩气开发区区域水资源量和地下水质量。在此基础上,收集分析国内外资料,梳理了页岩气勘查开发所引发的6类环境(地质)问题及勘查、钻井、压裂、开采、闭井等5个阶段需关注的地质环境问题或风险等,其中涪陵页岩气勘查开发区主要诱发水土污染、地质灾害和大气污染等环境(地质)问题; 基本识别了2种地下水污染模式、3种污染类型及可能的地下水污染风险途径; 初步确定了涪陵页岩气勘查开发区污染指示性特征因子,并形成了页岩气勘查开发区地质环境影响评价指标体系,可指导页岩气勘查开发的环境地质调查。该研究为页岩气国家新型清洁能源的绿色开发和开发区生态文明建设提供支撑。 相似文献
19.
贵阳观山湖区至白云区地下水有机污染现状与防治对策 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
文章按水文地质条件将全区划分为12个地下水系统,并选择43组控制性水点分丰枯两季进行有机样品采集和测试,在此基础上对研究区地下水中有机污染物的检出、超标、分布及来源均进行了分析。结果显示,参评的86组地下水样品中,有32组检出有机污染物;27种参评有机组分中,10种有机组分存在不同程度的检出,其中,三氯甲烷检出25次,检出率29.07%,其余组分检出率均低于5%;仅有1,2二氯丙烷超标1次,超标率低;区内地下水有机污染物检出浓度较低,超标率低,处于轻度污染阶段;12个系统中,有9个系统发现有机物污染物检出;检出点多分布于工矿企业的下游地段,排污河渠两侧;污染物多来源于中小型工矿企业,以污染物通过落水洞、天窗等进入含水层为主要污染途径;地下水系统排泄区的近源污染多发,危害程度大。针对上述污染特征,提出加强对中小企业污染源的集中管理,加大污水管网建设力度等对策建议。 相似文献
20.
Comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model and evaluation of the karst collapse susceptibility in Zaozhuang Region, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Karst collapses in Zaozhuang area are the typical karst collapses induced by groundwater over-pumping in north China, which lead to severe economic loss and negative societal influence. Based on the comprehensive analysis of all natural influencing factors and human influencing factors associated with karst collapse in the Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area, China, this paper establishes karst collapse susceptibility evaluation model by means of fuzzy mathematic method, in which the Quantitative theory method was firstly applied in determination of the factor weights. The karst collapse susceptibility evaluation model with 14 evaluation indicators can be effectively used for quantitative evaluation on the karst collapse susceptibility. So, an analysis and evaluation on the karst collapse susceptibility of Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area is completed by means of karst collapse susceptibility evaluation model. The karst collapse area of Zaozhuang region is divided into very high susceptibility area, high susceptibility area, medium susceptibility area and low susceptibility area, which account for about 6.3, 5.2, 10.4 and 78.1 % of the total karst area and the karst collapse susceptibility evaluation map of Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area is completed. The results above will be helpful for the strategic planning and decision-making processes associated with exploitation of karst water resources and with prevention and control of karst collapse hazards of this region. 相似文献