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1.
研究青藏高原东南缘的深部结构对于理解印度-欧亚板块的碰撞机理和青藏高原的形成演化具有重要的科学意义.本研究对布设在研究区域内566个固定和流动地震台站的波形资料进行了处理,获得77853条高质量P波接收函数,应用接收函数共转换点（CCP）叠加技术获得了研究区域下方精细的地幔转换带间断面起伏形态及转换带厚度变化图像.结果表明：研究区域南北方向上具有两个明显的转换带增厚异常区,南侧异常区位于滇中次级块体与印支块体下方,可能是新特提斯洋板片与上部印度板块间断离并部分滞留在转换带底部的结果;北侧川西地区异常增厚可能与上方岩石圈拆沉并降至转换带有关;腾冲火山起源可能是板块俯冲过程中发生断离造成软流圈物质部分熔融,湿热物质上涌所致. 相似文献
2.
本文利用宽频流动台阵记录的远震波形资料和接收函数波动方程叠后偏移方法,获得了华北克拉通东北部边界及其邻近地区的地壳和地幔转换带的间断面结构图像.结果显示研究区域的地壳厚度存在显著的横向变化:以南北重力梯度带为界,西北部的兴蒙造山带地壳较厚(~40 km),东南部的燕山带、松辽盆地和辽东台隆地壳明显较薄(30~35 km).这有可能反映,研究区南北重力梯度带两侧地壳在中-新生代区域构造伸展过程中经历了不同程度的改造和减薄.地幔转换带成像结果显示,研究区410 km和660 km间断面结构存在横向差异.经度121°E-122°E之间,上地幔底部出现双重间断面,深度分别为660 km和690 km.经度122.5°E以东(北黄海地区),410 km间断面有5~20 km幅度的下沉,660 km间断面有5~15 km幅度的抬升;该地区地幔转换带厚度相对全球平均偏薄10~20 km,指示着该地区较热的上地幔底部温度环境.我们认为太平洋俯冲板块可能停滞在研究区119°E-122°E经度范围的地幔转换带中,但未延伸至118°E以西;而俯冲板块在124°E以东可能局部穿透了上地幔底部而进入下地幔,同时引起小尺度的地幔对流,导致北黄海地区下地幔物质的上涌. 相似文献
3.
吕苗苗 《CT理论与应用研究》2019,28(2):175-186
青藏高原因其复杂的结构和演化历史,一直都是研究大陆碰撞、构造运动及其动力学的热点区域。本文采用三重震相波形拟合技术,基于中国地震观测台网和大型流动台阵记录到的某地震P波垂向记录,获得了包括拉萨、南羌塘和松潘甘孜地块在内的青藏高原上地幔P波速度结构。结果表明:①拉萨和南羌塘地块下方地幔过渡带存在高速异常,推测是俯冲的印度板片滞留体,过渡带底部的板片残余温度较低,使得660-km相变滞后约3～8km。而松潘甘孜地块下方过渡带同样存在高速异常,可能是欧亚岩石圈发生拆沉进入地幔过渡带所致。这说明印度板块俯冲作用的影响已经到达地幔过渡带,其俯冲前缘位于班公怒江缝合带附近。②从拉萨、南羌塘到松潘甘孜地块,200km之上的地幔岩石圈高速盖层速度由南向北逐渐减小,松潘甘孜地块则出现盖层缺失。推测受小规模地幔对流或者热不稳定性的影响,在南羌塘和松潘甘孜地块,增厚的欧亚岩石圈发生拆沉作用,岩石圈被减薄和弱化,造成羌塘地块上地幔低速和松潘甘孜地块上地幔高速盖层缺失。拆沉的冷的欧亚岩石圈可能部分停留在410-km上方,使得410-km抬升约10km,部分沉入地幔过渡带,表现为松潘甘孜地块地幔过渡带中存在高速异常。低温造成660-km下沉约8km,导致地幔过渡带增厚。 相似文献
4.
通过处理ChinArray计划二期和三期台阵中823个台站的远震波形数据,共获得174 562个高质量的P波接收函数,采用接收函数共转换点（CCP）叠加方法开展华北克拉通中西部及其邻区的地幔转换带结构研究,获得了研究区地幔转换带的厚度分布。结果表明:研究区内地幔转换带厚度变化幅值在235—280 km范围内,具有分区特征;阿尔金断裂带东部和汉诺坝火山以北厚的转换带异常可能与冷的岩石圈拆沉有关;河套盆地和阴山造山带附近分布着相对薄的地幔转换带,这可能暗示了该地区存在热的地幔物质上涌或岩浆活动;渤海湾盆地下方厚的地幔转换带异常可能是冷的太平洋板片西向俯冲并滞留于地幔转换带所致。 相似文献
5.
Zhen Guo Yuliang Cao Xianguang Wang Y. John Chen Jieyuan Ning Weiguang He Youcai Tang Yongge Feng 《地震科学（英文版）》2014,27(3):265-275
P-wave and S-wave receiver function analyses have been performed along a profile consisted of 27 broadband seismic stations to image the crustal and upper mantle discontinuities across Northeast China. The results show that the average Moho depth varies from about 37 km beneath the Daxing’anling orogenic belt in the west to about 33 km beneath the Songliao Basin, and to about 35 km beneath the Changbai mountain region in the east. Our results reveal that the Moho is generally flat beneath the Daxing’anling region and a remarkable Moho offset (about 4 km) exists beneath the basin-mountain boundary, the Daxing’anling-Taihang Gravity Line. Beneath the Tanlu faults zone, which seperates the Songliao Basin and Changbai region, the Moho is uplift and the crustal thickness changes rapidly. We interpret this feature as that the Tanlu faults might deeply penetrate into the upper mantle, and facilitate the mantle upwelling along the faults during the Cenozoic era. The average depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is ~80 km along the profile which is thinner than an average thickness of a continental lithosphere. The LAB shows an arc-like shape in the basin, with the shallowest part approximately beneath the center of the basin. The uplift LAB beneath the basin might be related to the extensive lithospheric stretching in the Mesozoic. In the mantle transition zone, a structurally complicated 660 km discontinuity with a maximum 35 km depression beneath the Changbai region is observed. The 35 km depression is roughly coincident with the location of the stagnant western pacific slab on top of the 660 km discontinuity revealed by the recent P wave tomography. 相似文献
6.
利用海南、广东及广西区域台网和国家台网共88个宽频带地震台站记录的2007年8月至2010年3月75个远震事件波形资料,采用接收函数共面元叠加的方法,得到了海南及其邻区上地幔410 km和660 km间断面结构和转换带厚度.结果表明,研究区410 km间断面形态较复杂,局部下沉到447 km,而660 km间断面相对简单,其深度分布在670 km左右.海南岛东北部存在一个直径约200 km的转换带异常薄的区域,其厚度较全球平均值薄25±5 km,相当于转换带中存在约180℃的高温异常,转换带厚度局部偏薄暗示海南地幔柱可能起源于下地幔. 相似文献
7.
华南块体是研究太平洋板块俯冲和岩石圈减薄机制等问题的最佳场所之一.本文基于中国地震观测台网和大型流动台阵记录到的震中距10°~30°之间的两个中深源地震P波记录,利用三重震相波形拟合技术,获得了中扬子克拉通和华夏地块上地幔高精度P波速度结构.研究结果表明:(1)中扬子克拉通过渡带底部存在高速异常,系太平洋俯冲板块的滞留体.俯冲的板块并没有进入下地幔,660-km间断面下沉约11 km,与后尖晶石相变的克拉伯龙斜率为负有关.而华夏地块过渡带底部并无明显高速异常,接近全球平均模型;(2)整个华南块体,410-km间断面上方普遍存在低速层,主要与上地幔部分熔融有关,与IASP91相比P波速度减小了1.38%~2.29%;(3)在研究区域内,中扬子克拉通和华夏地块都存在岩石圈减薄(80 km),推测可能与太平洋板块俯冲和快速回撤导致的岩石圈拆沉有关.且华夏地块减薄程度较明显,下伏软流圈速度较低,说明其上地幔强度较弱、温度较高.另外,中扬子克拉通过渡带中存在一个较宽的速度梯度带,可能与520-km间断面有关,其具体成因有待进一步研究. 相似文献
8.
The crust and upper mantle discontinuity structure beneath Alaska inferred from receiver functions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yinshuang Ai Dapeng Zhao Xing Gao Weiwei Xu 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2005,150(4):339-350
In this study, three receiver function stacking methods are used to study the detailed crust and upper mantle structure beneath south-central Alaska. We used teleseismic waveform data recorded by 36 stations in the Broadband Experiment Across the Alaska Range (BEAAR) and 4 permanent stations in Alaska. H − κ stacking method using P-to-S converted wave and its multiply reflected waves between the Earth's surface and the Moho discontinuity is adopted to estimate the crustal thickness (H) and average crustal VP/VS ratio (κ) in this region. The receiver function results for 24 stations show that the crustal thickness under Alaska ranges from 26.0 to 42.6 km with an average value of 33.8 km, and the VP/VS ratio varies from 1.66 to 1.94 with an average value of 1.81 which corresponds to an average Poisson's ratio of 0.277 with a range from 0.216 to 0.320. High Poisson's ratios under some stations are possibly caused by partial melting in the crust and the uppermost mantle. Common converted point (CCP) stacking results of receiver functions along three lines show clear Moho and slab images under this subduction zone. The depths of the slab from our CCP stacking images are consistent with those estimated from the Wadati–Benioff Zone (WBZ). In the area between two stations DH2 (147.8°W, 63.3°N) and DH3 (147.1°W, 63.0°N), a Moho depth offset of about 10 km is found by both the H − κ and CCP stacking techniques. Common depth point (CDP) stacking of receiver functions shows not only the 410-, 520- and 660-km discontinuities, but also significant variations (−30 to 15 km) in the transition zone thickness under the southwest and southeast parts of the study region. The transition zone becomes thinner by 20–30 km, indicating that the temperature there is 150–200 K higher than that of the normal mantle. 相似文献
9.
We present new one-dimensional SH-wave velocity models of the upper mantle beneath the Kalahari craton in southern Africa
obtained from waveform inversion of regional seismograms from an Mw = 5.9 earthquake located near Lake Tanganyika recorded
on broadband seismic stations deployed during the 1997–1999 Southern African Seismic Experiment. The velocity in the lithosphere
beneath the Kalahari craton is similar to that of other shields, and there is little evidence for a significant low velocity
zone beneath the lithosphere. The lower part of the lithosphere, from 110 to 220 km depth, is slightly slower than beneath
other shields, possibly due to higher temperatures or a decrease in Mg number (Mg#). If the slower velocities are caused by
a thermal anomaly, then slightly less than half of the unusually high elevation of the Kalahari craton can be explained by
shallow buoyancy from a hot lithosphere. However, a decrease in the Mg# of the lower lithosphere would increase the density
and counteract the buoyancy effect of the higher temperatures. We obtain a thickness of 250 ± 30 km for the mantle transition
zone, which is similar to the global average, but the velocity gradient between the 410 and 660 km discontinuities is less
steep than in global models, such as PREM and IASP91. We also obtain velocity jumps of between 0.16 ± 0.1 and 0.21 ± 0.1 km/s
across the 410 km discontinuity. Our results suggest that there may be a thermal or chemical anomaly in the mantle transition
zone, or alternatively that the shear wave velocity structure of the transition zone in global reference models needs to be
refined. Overall, our seismic models provide little support for an upper mantle source of buoyancy for the unusually high
elevation of the Kalahari craton, and hence the southern African portion of the African Superswell. 相似文献
10.
Over the past decades, there have been hot debates in the geodynamic community regarding to the deep evolution mechanisms of Cenozoic volcanism in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). Of all the constraints available, high resolution structure of upper mantle discontinuities, especially the discontinuities at depths of 410 km(D410) and 660 km(D660), is of the most important, which may provide reliable clues on the magma channel as well as its evolution. In this work, we adopt the common conversion point stacking technique with teleseismic radial P-wave receiver functions to examine the D410 and D660 discontinuities. The primary results exhibit that the major characteristics of the mantle transition zone(MTZ) obtained by different velocity models are largely consistent. Obviously elevated D410 and slightly depressed D660 are observed beneath the Hannuoba Volcano, suggesting possible delamination of the local lithosphere deposited at the D410. This process may induce upwelling of the asthenospheric materials filling the space left by the delaminated lithosphere, and subsequently trigger volcanic eruptions. Strong depressions are observed at both D410 and D660 depths beneath west of the Dariganga Volcano, and the depression of D660 is more pronounced. It leads to the apparently thickened MTZ, indicating the presence of cold material at the D660. This cold material is speculated as a stagnant slab from the subducted Pacific Plate or the remains of a detached island arc system from the collision and formation of the CAOB. Slightly thinner MTZ is found beneath the Hentey Mountains and the Middle Gobi Volcano. Apparently, this thinner MTZ is not significant enough to support the existence of high thermal anomalies,which may rule out the possibility of large-scale hot material upwelling from either the local MTZ or even the lower mantle. 相似文献
11.
华北克拉通是近年来我国地学界研究的热点之一.本文利用布设在华北东北部地区的华北地震科学台阵所记录的远震波形资料,用波形互相关方法拾取了9105条S波走时残差数据,进而用体波走时层析成像方法反演获得了研究区从地表至600 km深度的S波速度结构.所获得的S波层析成像结果表明,华北克拉通中部块体的山西断陷带低速异常一直从地面延伸至上地幔约300 km深处,推测该低速异常体可能与中、新生代的大同火山群的形成与活动有关.研究发现华北东部存在一高速异常体由东部渤中凹陷的地壳一直向西延伸至太行山山前断裂下方地幔转换带410 km附近,推测该高速异常体可能为太平洋板片向西俯冲在华北克拉通东部块体下方地幔过渡带内的滞留.研究结果显示华北克拉通东部的华北盆地表现为高低速相间分布,表明该地区下方的岩石圈发生了破坏,而位于华北克拉通北缘的燕山造山带显示为高速异常,表明燕山造山带下方的岩石圈没有明显的破坏迹象. 相似文献
12.
根据我国11平均布格重力异常图,采用Parker-Oldenbug位场反演方法,做了全国范围的三维重力反演。Parker的位场理论公式不仅数学上严密,而且运算速度甚高。本文将近些年大量的地震测深资料做为三维模型的控制点输入,并对反演计算采取了多种措施,以改善结果的合理性。本研究不仅得到了中国地区地壳厚度的分布,还首次给出了至120公里深处上地幔的密度分布。 结果表明,地壳厚度自东部沿海地区30——40公里逐渐增至青藏高原大部分地区的68公里,东部变化平缓,西部复杂,与大地构造有一定对应性。青藏高原及西部地区的上地幔密度总体偏高,一般3.40——3.65克/厘米3。东部广大区域在3.23——3.30克/厘米3。东部重力梯度带反映着下地壳与上地幔中一条深层构造带的存在,它不仅是地壳厚度陡变带,也是上地幔中的高密度带（3.29——3.35克/厘米3）,具有大区域性的控制作用。重力的均衡调整是青藏高原隆起的重要因素之一。 作者初步推断,中国地区的上地幔可大体分为青藏高原区、中部过渡区和东部正常区等三个大区,反映着上地幔结构的横向不均匀性。据此,本文解释了某些地球物理现象。 相似文献
13.
利用国家测震台网固定台站和“中国地震科学台阵探测”项目在南北地震带北段布设的宽频带流动台阵记录到的极远震事件,通过SS前驱波震相研究,获得了阿留申—阿拉斯加俯冲带东段及邻区下方410 km和660 km间断面的埋深和起伏形态特征.为增强对SS前驱波震相的识别,我们采用了时差校正和共反射点叠加分析.叠加结果显示,毗邻阿留申俯冲带的白令海、阿拉斯加半岛、以及阿拉斯加中南部和东部地区下方,410 km和660 km间断面的埋深基本呈正相关关系,因而具有正常的过渡带厚度.这表明在阿留申—阿拉斯加俯冲带东段,北太平洋板块还没有俯冲到地幔过渡带深度范围内.其次,在阿拉斯加西部地区下方,660 km间断面出现明显下沉,而上覆的410 km间断面埋深接近于全球平均值,从而导致过渡带明显加厚.据此,我们推测在阿拉斯加西部地区下方地幔过渡带底部可能存在库拉残留板块. 相似文献
14.
选取黑龙江、 吉林、 辽宁、 内蒙古区域地震台网, 以及NECESSArray流动台阵记录的223个远震事件的波形资料, 采用多道互相关方法得到了22569个P波相对走时数据, 并计算了相应的走时灵敏度核, 应用有限频率层析成像反演得到中国东北地区上地幔600 km以上的P波三维速度结构模型, 利用检测板评估了反演结果的分辨率。 结果表明, 松辽盆地下方80~200 km的深度上呈主体的低速异常, 与这一地区上地幔浅部的高地温值和低密度的特征相互对应, 可能暗示了部分熔融的地幔。 南北重力梯度带两侧的速度结构明显不同, 这一差异可以延伸到200 km以下, 表明在中国东北地区南北重力梯度带有可能是一条上地幔内部结构的变化带, 或是深部结构的分界线。 长白山火山区下呈大范围的低速异常, 并可从上地幔浅部延伸到地幔转换带中, 推测此低速异常可能反映了地幔转换带内上涌的热物质, 上涌的原因则主要是受到太平洋板块俯冲运动的作用。 相似文献
15.
A new conceptual model of mantle convection is constructed for consideration of the origin of hotspot plumes, using recent evidence from seismology, high-pressure experiments, geodynamic modeling, geoid inversion studies, and post-glacial rebound analyses. This conceptual model delivers several key points. Firstly, some of the small-scale mantle upwellings observed as hotspots on the Earth's surface originate at the base of the mantle transition zone (MTZ), in which the Archean granitic continental material crust (TTG; tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) with abundant radiogenic elements is accumulated. Secondly, the TTG crust and the subducted oceanic crust that have accumulated at the base of MTZ could act as thermal or mechanical insulators, leading to the formation of a hot and less viscous layer just beneath the MTZ; which may enhance the instability of plume generation at the base of the MTZ. Thirdly, the origin of some hotspot plumes is isolated from the large low shear-wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs) under Africa and the South Pacific. I consider that the conceptual model explains why almost all the hotspots around Africa are located above the margins of the African LLSVP. Because a planetary-scale trench system surrounding a “Pangean cell” has been spatially stable throughout the Phanerozoic, a large amount of the oceanic crustal layer is likely to be trapped in the MTZ under the Pangean cell. Therefore, under Africa, almost all of the hotspot plumes originate from the base of the MTZ, where a large amount of TTG and/or oceanic crusts has accumulated. This conceptual model may explain the fact that almost all the hotspots around Africa are located on margins above the African LLSVP. It is also considered that some of the hotspot plumes under the South Pacific thread through the TTG/oceanic crusts accumulated around the bottom of the MTZ, and some have their roots in the South Pacific LLSVP while others originate from the MTZ. The numerical simulations of mantle convection also speculate that the Earth's mantle convection is not thermally double-layered at the ringwoodite to perovskite + magnesiowüstite (Rw → Pv + Mw) phase boundary, because of its gentle negative Clapeyron slope. This is in contrast with some traditional images of mantle convection that have independent convection cells between the upper and lower mantle. These numerical studies speculate that the generation of stagnant slab at the base of the MTZ (as seismically observed globally) may not be due to the negative Clapeyron slope, and may instead be related to a viscosity increase (i.e., a viscosity jump) at the Rw → Pv + Mw phase boundary, or to a chemically stratified boundary between the upper and the lower mantle, as suggested by a recent high-pressure experiment. 相似文献
16.
通过对南北地震带北段区域所布设的676个流动地震台站观测资料进行处理,联合反演面波频散与接收函数数据,获得了研究区内地壳厚度、沉积层厚度的分布情况以及地壳上地幔高分辨率S波速度结构成像结果.反演结果显示研究区地壳厚度从青藏高原东北缘向外总体逐渐变薄,秦岭造山带地壳厚度较同属青藏高原东北缘的北祁连块体明显减薄;鄂尔多斯盆地及河套盆地分布有非常厚的沉积层,阿拉善块体部分区域也有一定沉积层分布,沉积层与研究区内盆地位置较为一致;松潘—甘孜块体、北祁连造山带等青藏高原东北缘总体表现为S波低速异常;在中下地壳,松潘—甘孜块体下方的低速体比北祁连造山带下方的低速体S波速度值更小、分布深度更浅,更有可能对应于部分熔融的地壳;鄂尔多斯盆地在中下地壳以及上地幔内有着较大范围的高速异常一直延伸到120 km以下,而河套盆地地幔只在80 km以上部分有着高速异常的分布,此深度可能代表了河套盆地的岩石圈厚度,来自深部地幔的热物质上涌造成了该区域的岩石圈减薄;阿拉善块体在地壳和上地幔都表现出高低速共存的分布特征,暗示阿拉善块体西部岩石圈可能受青藏高原东北缘的挤压作用发生改造. 相似文献
17.
本文使用位于青藏高原东南缘的25个地震台站的远震数据,采用P波和S波接收函数的方法研究了台站下方的Moho深度、泊松比以及地幔过渡带的厚度.计算结果表明：① 青藏高原东南缘的地壳厚度由松潘—甘孜地体和羌塘地体的约60 km,向邻区的印支地体以及扬子板块分别减薄为约38 km和约42 km; ② 羌塘地体的泊松比主要集中范围为0.25～0.28,地壳物质组分主要为中基性岩石,推测与下地壳镁铁质成分的增加有关.松潘—甘孜块体、印支块体和扬子板块的泊松比为0.25～0.26,主要为中酸性岩石组分.缺乏高的泊松比(≥0.30)分布表明青藏高原东南缘的地壳不存在广泛的部分熔融,但是不排除局部部分熔融的存在;③ 青藏高原东南缘的羌塘地体内存在一个比较明显的、异常变化范围为10～26 km的地幔过渡带增厚区域,其对应着地幔过渡带内100℃～260℃的温度降低,可以推断与此异常区域的地幔过渡带内存在俯冲的板块有关. 相似文献
18.
Receiver functions in northeast China - implications for slab penetration into the lower mantle in northwest Pacific subduction zone 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Seismic studies of the subducting lithosphere and the upper mantle discontinuities in the northwest Pacific subduction zone beneath Japan and northeast China have suggested contrary subduction scenarios. There was little consensus on the issue whether the subducting slab penetrates the upper mantle discontinuities into the lower mantle or it is deflected atop of the 660-km discontinuity over several hundred kilometers. We calculate receiver functions from a recent seismic broadband station network located in northeast China and find topographic variations of the upper mantle discontinuities. A deeper-than-normal 660-km discontinuity is observed over an area of 400 km and it coincides with the stagnant slab imaged by seismic tomography. The 660-km discontinuity is locally depressed by more than 35 km and the transition zone is thickened by more than 20 km in the east of the region where it encounters the slab. These observations provide evidence of the slab accumulating in the mantle transition zone and locally penetrating into the lower mantle. 相似文献
19.
利用布设在长白山地区的19个PASSCAL宽频带流动地震台站近一年的远震记录和布设在镜泊湖火山区14个宽频带轻便数字地震仪三个月的远震记录,共得到高质量的423个接收函数,通过对这些接收函数的共转换点叠加得到研究区的间断面的分布及形态.研究结果表明,研究区存在410、520km和660km间断面.410km和660km间断面较为连续且具有正相关性质,410km间断面在长白山天池火山下局部上隆,660km间断面具有复杂的多界面性质.410km和660km之间的过渡带厚约250km,接近全球平均水平.珲春深震区下660km界面下陷,其上还有多组震相,这些震相在珲春深震区东西两侧不连续,推测西太平洋板块至少已经俯冲到欧亚大陆下的上地幔过渡带中.410km间断面在长白山火山区下局部上隆,660km间断面具有的复杂结构和珲春深源地震的发生均与俯冲板块在过渡带中的活动有关. 俯冲板块在受到660km间断面的强大阻力后,在660km间断面之上变为近水平扩张.推测在欧亚大陆下西太平洋板块的最前端可能已经不是一个完整的整体,或许是由几个有一定联系的板块残片组成. 相似文献
20.
Eastward subduction of the Indian plate beneath the Indo-Myanmese arc revealed by teleseismic P-wave tomography 
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下载免费PDF全文 The deep structure of the eastward-subducting Indian plate can provide new information on the dynamics of the India-Eurasia collision. We collected and processed waveform data from temporary seismic arrays (networks) on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, seismic arrays in Northeast India and Myanmar, and permanent stations of the China Digital Seismic Network in Tibet, Gansu, Qinghai, Yunnan, and Sichuan. We combined these data with phase reports from observation stations of the International Seismological Center on the Indian plate and selected 124,808 high-quality P-wave relative travel-time residuals. Next, we used these data to invert the 3-D P-wave velocity structure of the upper mantle to a depth of 800 km beneath the eastern segment of the arcuate Himalayan orogen, at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The results reveal a high-angle, easterly dipping subducting plate extending more than 200 km beneath the Indo-Myanmese arc. The plate breaks off at roughly 96°E; its fragments have passed through the 410-km discontinuity (D410) into the mantle transition zone (MTZ). The MTZ beneath the Tengchong volcanic area contains a high-velocity anomaly, which does not exceed the Red River fault to the east. No other large-scale continuous subducted plates were observed in the MTZ. However, a horizontally spreading high-velocity anomaly was identified on the D410 in some regions. The anomaly may represent the negatively buoyant 90°E Ridge plate or a thickened and delaminated lithospheric block experiencing collision and compression at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The Tengchong volcano may originate from the mantle upwelling through the slab window formed by the break-off of the subducting Indian continental plate and oceanic plate in the upper mantle. Low-velocity upper mantle materials on the west side of the Indo-Myanmese arc may have supplemented materials to the Tengchong volcano. 相似文献