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1.
Abstract. Germanium‐bearing colusite occurs with sphalerite, galena, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, chalcopyrite and pyrite in microdruses and veinlets in the siliceous black ore from the Ezuri Kuroko deposit in the Hokuroku district of Japan. X‐ray microdiffractometry of this mineral gives strongest lines at 1.60, 1.32 and 1.09 Å, which are consistent with the known powder diffraction data of colusite. On the basis of 32 S atoms per formula unit, electron microprobe analyses yield empirical chemical formulae of (Cu24 0Fe0.3Zn1.0)σ25.3V1.9(As4.8Sb0.2)σ5.0Ge 1.3S32 for Ge‐bearing colusite in close association with sphalerite, and (Cu24.6Fe0.9)σ25.4V1.8(As4.1 Sb0.2)σ4.3Ge1.7S32 for that coexisting with chalcopyrite, consistent with the ideal formula of Cu24+xV2(As, Sb)6‐x(Sn, Ge)xS32 (x = 0 to 2) proposed by Spry et al. (1994) for this mineral species. The Ge‐bearing colusite mineralization is suggested to have occurred concurrently with consolidation of the siliceous black ore, possibly during hydrothermal modification in association with the igneous activity of the Ohtaki quartz diorite of the later Onnagawa stage. It is likely that biogenic siliceous ooze, a possible precursor of the siliceous black ore, may have served as an in situ source of Ge as well as other essential rare elements, leading to the formation of Ge‐bearing colusite during transformation or recrystallization of biogenic opal into a‐quartz. 相似文献
2.
Major minerals (sulfates, sulfides, quartz) are distributed in different parts of submarine hydrothermal ore deposits. For instance, the abundance of barite increases stratigraphically upwards in the massive orebodies of the Kuroko deposits (black and yellow ores), while quartz is abundant in the lower parts (siliceous ore). The different distribution of barite and quartz in the Kuroko deposits can not be accounted for by thermochemical equilibrium calculations based on the precipitation due to mixing of ascending hydrothermal solutions with ambient cold seawater. In the present study, a coupled fluid flow‐precipitation kinetics model was used to calculate the amounts of quartz, barite, and anhydrite precipitated from a hydrothermal solution mixed with seawater, assuming reasonable values for temperature, precipitation rate, fluid flow velocity, mineral surface area/fluid mass ratio (A/M), and initial concentrations of hydrothermal solution and seawater before mixing occurred. The results indicate that barite precipitates more efficiently than quartz from discharging fluids with relatively higher flow velocity, lower temperatures and under the condition of lower A/M ratios on the seafloor (black ore), whereas quartz precipitates more effectively from solutions with lower flow velocity, higher temperatures and higher A/M ratios beneath the seafloor (siliceous ore) and in the orebody (barite ore, ferruginous chert ore). Anhydrite precipitates in shallow sub‐seafloor environments with lower precipitation rates and higher A/M ratios than barite and higher precipitation rates and lower A/M ratios than quartz. These results explain the observed occurrences of barite, anhydrite, and quartz in the Kuroko deposits. Namely, barite is abundant in black ore and barite ore which formed above the seafloor, anhydrite formed in high‐permeability tuff breccias, and quartz formed in low permeability dacite intrusive bodies in the sub‐seafloor environment. 相似文献
3.
Nikolaos Skarpelis 《Resource Geology》2020,70(4):311-335
Massive Zn‐Pb‐Ag sulfide mineralization appears conformable with felsic volcanism, developed in an Upper Jurassic volcanic arc to the Southwest (SW) of the Serbo‐Macedonian continent in Northern Greece. The host volcanic sequence of the mineralization comprises mylonitized rhyolitic to rhyodacitic lavas, pyroclastics, quartz‐feldspar porphyries, and cherty tuffs. A “white mica—quartz—pyrite” mineral assemblage characterizes the volcanic rocks in the footwall and hanging‐wall of massive sulfide ore layers, formed as a result of greenschist‐grade regional metamorphism on “clay‐quartz‐pyrite” hydrothermal alteration haloes. Massive ore lenses are usually underlain by deformed Cu‐pyrite and quartz‐pyrite stockworks. Most of the sulfide ore bodies have proximal‐type features. Ductile deformation and regional metamorphism have transformed many of the stockwork structures. The mineralization is characterized by high Zn, Pb, and Ag contents, while Cu and critical metals are low. Primary depositional textures, for example, layering, clastic pyrite, colloform, and atoll textures were identified. The overall textural features of the mineralization indicate it has undergone mechanical deformation. The most prominent features of the effects of metamorphism, folding and shearing, are modification of the ore body morphology toward flattened and boudinage structures and transformation of the ore textures toward the dominance of planar fabrics. Sulfur isotope analyses of sulfides along with textural observations are consistent with a dual source of sulfide sulfur. Sulfur isotope values for sphalerite, non‐colloform pyrite, galena, and chalcopyrite fall in a limited range from ?1.6 to +4.8‰ (mean δ34S + 2‰), indicating a hydrothermal source derived from the reduction of coeval seawater sulfate in the convective system. Pyrites with colloform and atoll textures are characterized by a 34S depletion, indicating a bacterial reduction of coeval seawater sulfate. The morphology of ore beds, the mineralogy, sulfide textures, and ore chemistry along with the petrology and tectonic setting of the host rocks can be attributed to typical of a bimodal‐felsic metallogenesis. Although similar in many respects to classic Kuroko‐type volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralization, it has some atypical features, like the absence of barite ore, which is possibly a result of significant temporal depletion in sulfate due to bacterial reduction, a conclusion supported by the widespread occurrence of colloidal and atoll textures of pyrite. 相似文献
4.
The Laloki and Federal Flag deposits are two of the many (over 45) polymetallic massive sulfide deposits that occur in the Astrolabe Mineral Field, Papua New Guinea. New data of the mineralogical compositions, mineral textures, and fluid inclusion studies on sphalerite from Laloki and Federal Flag deposits were investigated to clarify physiochemical conditions of the mineralization at both deposits. The two deposits are located about 2 km apart and they are stratigraphically hosted by siliceous to carbonaceous claystone and rare gray chert of Paleocene–Eocene age. Massive sulfide ore and host rock samples were collected from each deposit for mineralogical, geochemical, and fluid inclusion studies. Mineralization at the Laloki deposit consists of early‐stage massive sulfide mineralization (sphalerite‐barite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite–marcasite) and late‐stage brecciation and remobilization of early‐stage massive sulfides that was accompanied by late‐stage sphalerite mineralization. Occurrence of native gold blebs in early‐stage massive pyrite–marcasite‐chalcopyrite ore with the association of pyrrhotite‐hematite and abundant planktonic foraminifera remnants was due to reduction of hydrothermal fluids by the reaction with organic‐rich sediments and seawater mixing. Precipitation of fine‐grained gold blebs in late‐stage Fe‐rich sphalerite resulted from low temperature and higher salinity ore fluids in sulfur reducing conditions. In contrast, the massive sulfide ores from the Federal Flag deposit contain Fe‐rich sphalerite and subordinate sulfarsenides. Native gold blebs occur as inclusions in Fe‐rich sphalerite, along sphalerite grain boundaries, and in the siliceous‐hematitic matrix. Such occurrences of native gold suggest that gold was initially precipitated from high‐temperature, moderate to highly reduced, low‐sulfur ore fluids. Concentrations of Au and Ag from both Laloki and Federal Flag deposits were within the range (<10 ppm Au and <100 ppm Ag) of massive sulfides at a mid‐ocean ridge setting rather than typical arc‐type massive sulfides. The complex relationship between FeS contents in sphalerite and gold grades of both deposits is probably due to the initial deposition of gold on the seafloor that may have been controlled by factors such as Au complexes, pH, and fO2 in combination with temperature and sulfur fugacity. 相似文献
5.
西太平洋冲绳海槽烟囱硫化物矿床矿石化学特征与分带型式 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
西太平洋冲绳海槽烟囱式硫化物矿床分布于琉球弧后扩张盆地、产于尹是名洼陷盆地（深１４００ｍ），其特征与日本黑矿类似。硫化物矿石及烟囱主要有３种化学类型：Ｐｂ－Ｚｎ－Ｂａ型、Ｚｎ－Ｐｂ型和Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ型，三者分别代表温度不断升高的热液体系的早、中、晚３个成矿阶段产物，其中，Ｐｂ－Ｚｎ－Ｂａ矿石及烟囱形成于高ｆｏ２环境和高流速、低温、富Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｂａ热液体系，Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ矿石及烟囱形成于低流速、高温、富Ｃｕ热液体系，Ｚｎ－Ｐｂ矿石则介于其间。硫化物烟囱显示明显的矿物－化学分带。在Ｐｂ－Ｚｎ－Ｂａ矿石（烟囱），Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ集中于烟囱中央，Ｂａ、Ｆｅ、Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ａｇ、Ｐｂ集中于烟囱外带，Ｃｕ则富集于烟囱中外部。在Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ矿石，Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｆｅ、Ａｇ、Ａｕ仍富集于烟囱外带，Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｐｂ则在烟囱中央富集。依此元素化学分带型式，建立了古代黑矿硫化物矿体分带与硫化物堆积模式。 相似文献
6.
Yangyang Feng Zuohai Feng Wei Fu Zhiqiang Kang Jian Jiang Along Guo Xi Wang Meng Feng Chunzeng Wang 《Resource Geology》2019,69(4):430-447
The Xinlu Sn‐polymetallic ore field is located in the western Nanling Polymetallic Belt in northeastern Guangxi, South China, where a number of typical skarn‐, hydrothermal vein‐type tin deposits have developed. There are two types of Sn deposits: skarn‐type and sulfide‐quartz vein‐type. The tin mineralizations mainly occur on the south side of the Guposhan granitic complex pluton and within its outer contact zone. To constrain the Sn mineralization age and further understand its genetic links to the Guposhan granitic complex, a series of geochronological works has been conducted at the Liuheao deposit of the ore field using high‐precision zircon SHRIMP U‐Pb, molybdenite Re‐Os, and muscovite Ar‐Ar dating methods. The results show that the biotite‐monzogranite, which is part of the Xinlu intrusive unit of the Guposhan complex pluton, has a SHRIMP U‐Pb zircon age of 161.0 ± 1.5 Ma. The skarn‐type ore has a 40Ar‐39Ar muscovite plateau age of 160 ± 2 Ma (same as its isochron age), and the sulfide‐quartz vein‐type ore yields an Re‐Os molybdenite isochron age of 154.4 ± 3.5 Ma. The magmatic‐hydrothermal geochronological sequence demonstrated that the hydrothermal mineralization took place immediately following the emplacement of the monzogranite, with the skarn metasomatic mineralization stage predating the sulfide mineralization stage. Geochronologically, we have compared this ore field with 26 typical Sn deposits distributed along the Nanling Polymetallic Belt, leading to the suggestion of the magmatic‐metallogenic processes in the Xinlu ore field (ca. 161–154 Ma) as a component of the Early Yanshanian large‐scale Sn‐polymetallic mineralization event (peaked at 160–150 Ma) in the Nanling Range of South China. Petrogenesis of Sn‐producing granite and Sn‐polymetallic mineralization were probably caused by crust–mantle interaction as a result of significant lithospheric extension and thinning in South China in the Late Jurassic. 相似文献
7.
Abstract. Kuroko deposits are a representative volcanic‐hosted massive sulfide deposit and the Hokuroku district is economically the most important Kuroko containing province in Japan. There are two cycles of the bimodal volcanic sequence in the Hokuroku district. The pre‐ore volcanism started with basaltic activity and was followed by intensive felsic hyaloclas‐tic activity under bathyal conditions. The post‐ore sequence also began with basaltic activity intercalated with mudstone and was followed by alternating beds of pumice tuff with several lava flows and mudstone. Kuroko deposits are situated in the final period of the pre‐ore felsic volcanic sequence of the first bimodal volcanic cycle. Based on a detailed investigation of existing age data, it was concluded that the felsic volcanic sequences in the pre‐and post‐Kuroko formation can be divided into a pre‐ore dacite group (16–13.5 Ma), a D2 dacite group (lower unit of the post‐ore volcanic sequence, 12.7±0.6～ ll Ma) and a Dl dacite group (upper unit of the post‐ore sequence including quartz‐porphyry and granitoid, 11sim;10 Ma) in ascending order. Field and microscopic observations show that the pre‐ore dacite is characterized by aphyric to plagioclase‐phyric lava and the post‐ore dacitic rocks are characterized by quartz‐plagioclase‐phyric aphanitic lava and dome. These three dacite groups are petrochemically discriminated by SiO2‐Al2O3 and CaO‐TiO2 diagrams, excluding altered specimens. The distribution of the normative compositions on the Q‐An‐Ab‐Or diagram suggests that the pre‐ore dacites trend on the 5 kb cotectic line (equilibrated to 10—15 km deep) and those of the post‐ore trend along the 1 kb line (a few km deep). The secular variation of the major elements indicates that the rhyolitic members genetically related to the Kuroko formation could be the most differentiated products in the pre‐ore felsic volcanism. The distribution of Nb against SiO2 content in the pre‐ and post‐ore bimodal volcanic cycles indicates that these two volcanisms could have been generated by different magmatic origins. The difference would have been caused by the tectonic conversion from a back‐arc to an island‐arc setting. 相似文献
8.
Abstract. Recent discoveries of seafloor hydrothermal mineralization in submarine volcanic centers of felsic magma in western Pacific island arcs are regarded as modern analogues of Kuroko type deposits. Studies of these deposits and their surrounding geology raised question whether the exploration activity for the Kuroko deposits on land which peaked in the 1960's was adequate or not. However, such an evaluation is not easy because the exploration data are about to be lost as a result of the closure of all the Kuroko mines in the area since 1994.
The Metal Mining Agency of Japan (MMAJ), therefore, decided to compile existing data on about 180 Kuroko deposits and related mineral occurrences in northeast Japan as a new Kuroko database.
This study extends a concept called "exploration indices" which was developed based on a case study of the thoroughly surveyed Hokuroku district to draw a potential map of the Kuroko occurrences for the entire northeast Japan quantitatively with a Geographical Information System (GIS). Effective exploration indices include: 1) distribution of dacitic-rhy-olitic submarine volcanic rocks of the Nishikurosawa and Onnagawa stages, 2) distribution of intrusive rocks of pre- and post-Kuroko horizon, 3) low aeromagnetic anomaly caused by hydrothermal alteration of magnetite, 4) low gravity anomaly which suggests depressions in the basement rocks such as a tectonic basin and/or caldera, and 5) nearby existence of vein type deposits. It is concluded that about 33 % of known Kuroko deposits fall within the high potential zone (score=4 and 5) that occupies only 4 % of the entire northeast Japan arc. The Kuroko potential map is, therefore, useful for limiting the target area for Kuroko type deposits in an island arc setting. 相似文献
The Metal Mining Agency of Japan (MMAJ), therefore, decided to compile existing data on about 180 Kuroko deposits and related mineral occurrences in northeast Japan as a new Kuroko database.
This study extends a concept called "exploration indices" which was developed based on a case study of the thoroughly surveyed Hokuroku district to draw a potential map of the Kuroko occurrences for the entire northeast Japan quantitatively with a Geographical Information System (GIS). Effective exploration indices include: 1) distribution of dacitic-rhy-olitic submarine volcanic rocks of the Nishikurosawa and Onnagawa stages, 2) distribution of intrusive rocks of pre- and post-Kuroko horizon, 3) low aeromagnetic anomaly caused by hydrothermal alteration of magnetite, 4) low gravity anomaly which suggests depressions in the basement rocks such as a tectonic basin and/or caldera, and 5) nearby existence of vein type deposits. It is concluded that about 33 % of known Kuroko deposits fall within the high potential zone (score=4 and 5) that occupies only 4 % of the entire northeast Japan arc. The Kuroko potential map is, therefore, useful for limiting the target area for Kuroko type deposits in an island arc setting. 相似文献
9.
WANG Xiaohu SONG Yucai ZHANG Hongrui LIU Yingchao PAN Xiaofei GUO Tao 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(4):1486-1507
The Lanping Basin in the Nujiang‐Lancangjiang‐Jinshajiang (the Sanjiang) area of northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is an important part of eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain. This basin hosts a number of large unique sediment‐hosted Pb‐Zn polymetallic deposits or ore districts, such as the Baiyangping ore concentration area which is one of the representative ore district. The Baiyangping ore concentration area can be divided into the east and west ore belts, which were formed in a folded tectogene of the India‐Asia continental collisional setting and was controlled by a large reverse fault. Field observations reveal that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary strata were outcropped in the mining area, and that the orebodies are obviously controlled by faults and hosted in sandstone and carbonate rocks. However, the ore‐forming elements in the east ore belt are mainly Pb‐Zn‐Sr‐Ag, while Pb‐Zn‐Ag‐Cu‐Co elements are dominant in the west ore belt. Comparative analysis of the C‐O‐Sr‐S‐Pb isotopic compositions suggest that both ore belts had a homogeneous carbon source, and the carbon in hydrothermal calcite is derived from the dissolution of carbonate rock strata; the ore‐forming fluids were originated from formation water and precipitate water, which belonged to basin brine fluid system; sulfur was from organic thermal chemical sulfate reduction and biological sulfate reduction; the metal mineralization material was from sedimentary strata and basement, but the difference of the material source of the basement and the strata and the superimposed mineralization of the west ore belt resulted in the difference of metallogenic elements between the eastern and western metallogenic belts. The Pb‐Zn mineralization age of both ore belts was contemporary and formed in the same metallogenetic event. Both thrust formed at the same time and occurred at the Early Oligocene, which is consistent with the age constrained by field geological relationship. 相似文献
10.
Luis E. Ramírez Miguel A. Parada Carlos Palacios Jens Wittenbrink 《Resource Geology》2008,58(2):124-142
The Mantos Blancos copper deposit (500 Mt at 1.0% Cu) was affected by two superimposed hydrothermal events: (i) phyllic alteration related to a rhyolitic dome emplacement and brecciation at ca 155 Ma; and (ii) potassic, sodic and propylitic alteration at ca 142 Ma, coeval with stocks and sills emplacement of dioritic and granodioritic porphyries, that locally grade upwards into polymictic magmatic hydrothermal breccias. Major hypogene copper sulfide mineralization is related to the second event. A late‐ore mafic dike swarm cross‐cuts all rocks in the deposit. Two types of granodioritic porphyries can be distinguished from petrographic observations and geochemical data: granodiorite porphyry I (GP I) and granodiorite porphyry II (GP II), which resulted from two different trends of magmatic evolution. The concave shape of the rare earth element (REE) distribution pattern together with the weak or absence of negative Eu anomalies in mafic dikes, dioritic and GP I porphyries, suggest hornblende‐dominated fractionation for this magmatic suite. In contrast, distinct negative Eu anomalies and the flat REE patterns suggest plagioclase‐dominated fractionation, at low oxygen fugacity, for the GP II porphyry suite. But shallow mixing and mingling between silicic and dioritic melts are also likely for the formation of the GP II and polymictic breccias, respectively. Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions suggest that the rhyolitic dome rocks were generated from a dominantly crustal source, while the GP I has mantle affinity. The composition of melt inclusions (MI) in quartz crystals from the rhyolitic dome is similar to the bulk composition of their host rock. The MI analyzed in quartz from GP II and in the polymictic magmatic hydrothermal breccia of the deposit are compositionally more evolved than their host rocks. Field, geochemical and petrographic data provided here point to dioritic and siliceous melt interaction as an inducing mechanism for the release of hydrothermal fluids to form the Cu mineralization. 相似文献
11.
The ore types of the Zhaokalong Fe-Cu deposit are divided into two categories: sulfide-type and oxide-type. The sulfide-type ore include siderite ore, galena-sphalerite ore and chalcopyrite ore, whereas the oxide-type ore include magnetite ore and hematite ore. The ore textures and structures indicate that the Zhaokalong deposit is of the sedimentary-exhalative mineralization type. Geochemical analyses show that the two ore types have a high As, Sb, Mn, Co and Ni content. The REE patterns reveal an enrichment of the LREE compared to the HREE. Isotopic analysis of siderite ore reveal that the δ13CPDB ranges from 2.01 to 3.34 (‰) whereas the δ18O SMOW ranges from 6.96 to 18.95 (‰). The fluid inclusion microthermometry results indicate that homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz range from 131 to 181℃, with salinity values of 1.06 to 8.04 wt% NaCl eq. The mineralizing fluid therefore belongs to the low temperature - low salinity system, with a mineralizing solution of a CO2-Ca2+(Na+, K+)-SO42-(F-, Cl-)-H2O system. The geochemical results and fluid inclusion data provide additional evidence that the Zhaokalong deposit is a sedex-type deposit that experienced two stages of mineralization. The sulfide mineralization probably occurred first, during the sedimentary exhalative process, as exhibited by the abundance of marine materials associated with the sulfide ores, indicating a higher temperature and relatively deoxidized oceanic depositional environment. After the main exhalative stage, hydrothermal activity was superimposed to the sulfide mineralization. The later stage oxide mineralization occurred in a low temperature and relatively oxidized environment, in which magmatic fluid circulation was dominant. 相似文献
12.
安徽池州许桥银矿地质特征及矿区深部找矿方向 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
许桥银矿床位于长江中下游成矿带安庆-贵池矿集区东南部,矿床银储量达到中型规模,成矿岩体为分水岭石英闪长岩,矿体主要呈似层状赋存于分水岭岩体北东侧奥陶系仑山组、汤山组地层层间裂隙中;矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、黝铜矿、黄铜矿、辉银矿、自然银,脉石矿物为石英、碳酸盐矿物;矿石组构以自形-他形晶结构、交代结构、稀疏浸染状构造和网脉状构造为主;围岩蚀变类型主要有硅化、碳酸盐化、矽卡岩化、绿泥石化等;许桥银矿床成矿作用经历了两个成矿期：热液期和表生期,热液期又可分为三个成矿阶段,即为矽卡岩阶段、石英-硫化物阶段及碳酸盐-硫化物阶段;成矿流体早期以岩浆热液为主、晚期混有大气降水的流体演化特征;成矿物质主要来源于岩浆热液,地层贡献了部分矿质;成矿温度为中低温（208～259℃）,矿床类型为中低温热液银多金属矿床,并指明了矿区深部找矿方向。 相似文献
13.
美国阿拉斯加红狗(Red Dog)铅锌矿床为典型的喷流沉积型(SEDEX)或页岩容矿矿床,拥有世界上最丰富的锌储量。矿床赋存于石炭纪库纳组中。该地层由黑色富有机质的硅质泥岩和页岩组成,局部有大量的碳酸盐浊积岩。根据闪锌矿结构和成分变化,矿化可分为4个阶段:早期褐色闪锌矿阶段、黄褐色闪锌矿阶段、红褐色闪锌矿阶段和晚期棕褐色闪锌矿阶段,其中第2和第3阶段为主矿化阶段。成矿年代学及古地磁研究表明,矿化作用与库纳组沉积作用同时发生,且存在中生代热液叠加。矿床形成经历了4个沉积-热液成矿过程:未固结泥中重晶石和硫化物沉积、重晶石的热液重结晶和硫化物沉淀、重晶石和硫化物脉的形成并交代早期重晶石,以及晚期角砾岩-细粒石英和晚期棕褐色闪锌矿的形成。 相似文献
14.
凤县八卦庙特大型金矿热水沉积岩的地质地球化学特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
八卦庙特大型金矿的成因引人注目 ,作者提出含矿地层中存在的一套条带状岩石属于热水沉积成因。此套岩石顺层产出 ,主要由富石英纹层、富钠长石 -石英纹层和富铁碳酸盐纹层互层 ,构成纹层条带构造 ,具有沉积韵律和沉积旋回 ;地层走向上 ,条带状岩石渐变过渡为千枚岩或板岩 ,显示局部凹陷的热水沉积盆地特点 ;条带岩的化学成分、微量元素特征与秦岭泥盆系铅锌矿床中的硅质 -钠质 -铁碳酸质热水沉积岩非常相似 ,具有热水沉积特点。热水沉积岩与金矿化空间关系密切 ,说明八卦庙金矿属于热水沉积 (改造 )型金矿床。矿床成因类型的正确认识有利于指导区域找矿工作。 相似文献
15.
WEI Ran WANG Yitian MAO Jingwen HU Qiaoqing QIN Siting LIU Shengyou YE Dejin YUAN Qunhu DOU Ping 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(4):884-900
The extensive Changba-Lijiagou Pb-Zn deposit is located in the north of the Xihe–Chengxian ore cluster in West Qinling. The ore bodies are mainly hosted in the marble, dolomitic marble and biotite-calcite-quartz schist of the Middle Devonian Anjiacha Formation, and are structurally controlled by the fault and anticline. The ore-forming process can be divided into three main stages, based on field geological features and mineral assemblages. The mineral assemblages of hydrothermal stage I are pale-yellow coarse grain, low Fe sphalerite, pyrite with pits, barite and biotite. The mineral assemblages of hydrothermal stage II are black-brown cryptocrystalline, high Fe shalerite, pyrite without pits, marcasite or arsenopyrite replace the pyrite with pits, K-feldspar. The features of hydrothermal stage III are calcite-quartz-sulfide vein cutting the laminated, banded ore body. Forty-two sulfur isotope analyses, twenty-five lead isotope analyses and nineteen carbon and oxygen isotope analyses were determined on sphalerite, pyrite, galena and calcite. The δ34 S values of stage I(20.3 to 29.0‰) are consistent with the δ34 S of sulfate(barite) in the stratum. Combined with geological feature, inclusion characteristics and EPMA data, we propose that TSR has played a key role in the formation of the sulfides in stage I. The δ34 S values of stage II sphalerite and pyrite(15.1 to 23.0‰) are between sulfides in the host rock, magmatic sulfur and the sulfate(barite) in the stratum. This result suggests that multiple S reservoirs were the sources for S2-in stage II. The δ34 S values of stage III(13.1 to 22‰) combined with the structure of the geological and mineral features suggest a magmatic hydrothermal origin of the mineralization. The lead isotope compositions of the sulfides have 206 Pb/204 Pb ranging from 17.9480 to 17.9782, 207 Pb/204 Pb ranging from 15.611 to 15.622, and 208 Pb/204 Pb ranging from 38.1368 to 38.1691 in the three ore-forming stages. The narrow and symmetric distributions of the lead isotope values reflect homogenization of granite and mantle sources before the Pb-Zn mineralization. The δ13 CPDB and δ18 OSMOW values of stage I range from-0.1 to 2.4‰ and from 18.8 to 21.7‰. The values and inclusion data indicate that the source of fluids in stage I was the dissolution of marine carbonate. The δ13 CPDB and δ18 OSMOW values of stage II range from-4 to 1‰ and from 12.3 to 20.3‰, suggesting multiple C-O reservoirs in the Changba deposit and the addition of mantle-source fluid to the system. The values in stage III are-3.1‰ and 19.7‰, respectively. We infer that the process of mineralization involved evaporitic salt and sedimentary organic-bearing units interacting through thermochemical sulfate reduction through the isotopic, mineralogy and inclusion evidences. Subsequently, the geology feature, mineral assemblages, EPMA data and isotopic values support the conclusion that the ore-forming hydrothermal fluids were mixed with magmatic hydrothermal fluids and forming the massive dark sphalerite, then yielding the calcite-quartz-sulfide vein ore type at the last stage. The genesis of this ore deposit was epigenetic rather than the previously-proposed sedimentary-exhalative(SEDEX) type. 相似文献
16.
江西九瑞矿集区硅质断裂磨砾岩带的厘定及其成岩成矿意义 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
在九瑞矿集区研究叠合断裂和叠加成矿作用的基础上,我们进一步详细研究了出露在洋鸡山-丁家山-望夫山一线的硅质角砾岩,指出它们不是原先认为的石炭系沉积硅质岩,而应属于一种断裂磨砾岩,并深入探究其形成过程及与成矿之关系.断裂磨砾岩是断裂分带结构成熟的标志之一,多在剪切作用和热液作用下,断裂岩石经硅化-破裂-碎裂-粉碎-研磨,形成具有一定圆度和球度,大小差异较大的磨砾或磨粒,且又会反复的集结-破碎,不断拓宽断裂构造形成磨砾-角砾岩带.本文研究的断裂磨砾岩,呈北东向展布,延长达十几千米.成分上以硅化角砾岩为主,SiO2含量一般大于90％,石英颗粒由隐晶到显晶.一些角砾岩中含Fe2O3较高,有可能是原先的硫化物经氧化形成的褐铁矿.本区洋鸡山-丁家山-望夫山一线产出的断裂磨砾-角砾岩带,很可能是燕山期构造-岩浆-成矿事件的产物.在城门山和武山铜矿,我们之前的工作己发现存在产于泥盆系五通组和石炭系黄龙组层滑构造体系中的黄铁矿角砾岩,则有可能属于海西期同生断裂活动的产物.因此,这些不同的角砾岩具有多阶段活动和叠加成矿的特征.本文还进一步指出,九瑞地区其他层位(如泥盆系与志留系之间、志留系与奥陶系之间)发育的层滑构造体系和断裂角砾岩及热液蚀变岩,也很可能是成矿有利部位,值得今后找矿工作的关注. 相似文献
17.
黑矿型矿床成矿物质来源：日本上向黑矿铼—锇和氦同位素证据 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
上向黑矿（Uwamuki Kuroko)是日本最典型的黑矿型矿床，它形成于日本岛弧中新世矢折岛弧裂谷环境，产于双峰式岩石组合的长英质火山岩系中。矿床由下部筒状硅矿带和上部块状黑矿带构成，后者显示典型的上黑（黑矿）下黄（黄矿）金属分带。为探索研究长期争议的成矿物质来源，系统测定了矿石和主岩的Os,He同位素组成。含矿流纹岩系的R／RA值介于0．93－1．14间，证实该岩浆可能主要来源于陆壳重熔。上向黑矿的上部块状黑矿矿石具较高的^187Os/^188Os值（2．246－7．608），反映矿石Os主体来源于壳源沉积物或矿区基底岩系；下部脉状－网脉状硅矿、块状黄矿和少量黑矿则具低^187Os/^188Os值（0．423－0．793），证实矿石Os具两源性，估计幔源物质贡献约57％－89％，壳源物质贡献约11％－43％。此外，在上部块状黑矿带内部，矿石 ^187Os/^188O显示清楚的垂向韵律性变化，揭示了成矿流体及成矿物质的周期性混合，据此，本文提出了一个新的两阶段成矿模式。 相似文献
18.
1975年我们报道了泥河湾盆地怀来及蔚县境内发现半咸水有孔虫化石,当时认为它们的层位可能属第四系上部,后来进一步工作证实应是泥河湾组上部沉积。1977年我们对华北平原第四纪海进海退现象作了初步报道,认为华北平原在早更新世时发生过海进(渤海海进),并引用陈方吉在北京东南发现海相介形虫资料,说明早更新世渤海海进时海水曾经到达这一地区。1978年李鼎容等在北京市顺义县早更新世地层中发现大量有孔虫化石。进一步证实北京地区早更新世确曾发生过海进,使我们解释怀来及蔚县所发现的半咸水有孔虫来源,有更多证据。这一发现,对于北京地区第四纪地层划分对比、新构造运动判别和古地理恢复有重大意义。 相似文献
19.
下坂金矿床位于闽中金矿带,是产于侏罗系火山岩展布区,与次火山岩有关的浅成低温热液型金矿床。金矿体主要产于流纹斑岩的边缘条带相及与之毗邻的隐爆角砾岩中。矿石的矿物组成简单,属少硫化物型矿石,黄铁矿为主要载金矿物,与金矿化有关的热液蚀变作用是硅化、绢云母化和黄铁矿化。矿化富集与流纹斑岩的边缘条带相隐爆角砾岩、硅帽及裂隙发育程度关系密切。 相似文献
20.
珠江口盆地白云凹陷是我国现今深水油气勘探的重要地区,在其南侧的荔湾X构造的珠江组在3 000~3 281 m以混积岩沉积为主.以荔湾X构造内含有孔虫混积岩为研究对象,通过开展岩石学和同位素地球化学研究,确定了有孔虫宿主岩石类型以及有孔虫矿化的岩相学特征,重点探讨了有孔虫的矿化机制,并最终建立了有孔虫的矿化模式.荔湾X构造珠江组混积岩的生物碎屑以有孔虫碎屑为主,有孔虫壳由刃状、等径状方解石或铁方解石组成.有孔虫的房室可分为未充填、半充填和全充填3种类型.根据有孔虫房室充填的主要自生矿物类型、产状及相互关系,可将有孔虫矿化按其形成的先后分为黄铁矿化、铁方解石化、片钠铝石化和铁白云石化4种类型,其中黄铁矿的形成可能与有孔虫软体组织的生物降解有关,铁方解石可能与有机质热脱羧作用有关,片钠铝石和铁白云石中的“碳”有深部来源的岩浆成因CO2的贡献. 相似文献