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河西走廊地下水系统数值模拟中的几个问题探讨 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文依据河西走廊地下水系统的特点，探讨数值模型中几个关键问题的处理方法，涉及含水层系统结构的概化，河流与地下水的相互作用，潜水蒸发，泉群的处理以及由断层形成的地下水瀑布模拟等问题，以酒泉盆地为例，研究了数值模型在区域下水系统演化与动态预测中的应用。 相似文献
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《地下水》2021,(4)
地下水是水文系统的重要组成部分,对保护和开发日益枯竭的水资源具有重要的战略意义。地下水作为一种自然资源,对供水和水质起着至关重要的作用。地下水模拟是水资源可持续管理的重要组成部分。因此,地下水的物理机制应该通过建立详细的水文和污染物运移模型来确定。此外,为了建立准确的地下水模型,应考虑地表-地下水相互作用。虽然许多研究将地下水作为一个单一系统,研究地下水水力学和水文学,但通过在不同情况下进行敏感性分析来研究地表水-地下水相互作用和地下水行为的研究很少。因此,本文将地表水和地下水视为一个独立的系统,并进行相应的模拟。本研究利用三维有限差分法地下水流动与污染物运移模拟模型,建立了一个概化的河流-含水层模型。研究了地表水与地下水相互作用对水文特性的影响。利用概化河流-含水层系统的水文模型,在不同的水流边界条件和水流路径下进行分析,得到地下水位波动和河流与含水层之间的流量。 相似文献
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黑河干流浅层地下水与地表水相互转化的水化学特征 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
通过分析黑河干流地表水与地下水的水化学特征,识别沿黑河干流不同地带地下水与地表水的相互转化关系.研究结果表明:(1)在祁连山区,地下水与地表水的转化以地下水向河流排泄为主.(2)南部盆地,在山前戈壁带,出山河水入渗转化为地下水;溢出带地下水以泉的形式转化为地表水;进入细土平原后,汛期河水补给地下水,非汛期地下水补给河水;在农灌区引河水通过田间入渗补给地下水.(3)北部盆地,在金塔灌区,地下水主要接受引水灌溉入渗补给;在金塔灌区到额济纳旗,河流入渗转化为地下水. 相似文献
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《地下水》2019,(6)
目前的地下水环境影响评价中,地表水体常作为边界条件,不能体现地表水中的溶质运移过程。本文以某一赤泥堆场项目为例,采用GMS软件中的MT3D-USGS模块的SFT程序包建立河流—地下水—溶质耦合模型,预测氟化物在运营期14年运移扩散情况,评价污染物对区域地表水和地下水的影响。结果表明:(1)模拟流场能较真实的反应研究区的地表水和地下水流动特征;(2)在正常工况条件下,氟化物对地表水和地下水的影响较小;(3)在岩溶塌陷的情况下,氟化物仅2d就可运移至季节性河流,在运移2369d后最大超标距离已经达到河流,且氟化物有沿河流向下游运移的趋势,第14年氟化物沿河流运移到下游河流及沿岸地下水含水层,形成一个随河流扩散的污染晕。 相似文献
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针对采煤对松散含水层地下水扰动程度评价方法适用性不足等问题,以神东补连塔井田为研究背景,通过分析采煤对地下水动力场的影响规律,得出矿井水（矿井排水与采空区储水）的形成是导致大气降水、地表水与地下水转化关系和转化量发生改变的主要原因;并从松散含水层生态水位变化、含水层损伤以及水量损失的角度,提出了采煤对地下水扰动程度的3个评价指标,结果显示,截至2012年补连塔井田松散含水层地下水生态水位扰动指标基本均大于1,采扰比达92%,说明采煤对生态水位影响较大;由于采动裂隙直接发育至松散含水层内部,导致井田范围内8%面积的含水层完全损伤而失去地下水调蓄能力;而在重复利用矿井水并开发地下水库储水功能的条件下,补连塔矿地下水量损失减少至8.5%,说明矿井水的充分利用对减少地下水资源损失意义重大。 相似文献
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运用氧稳定同位素研究黑河中游盆地地下水与河水转化 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
在西北干旱区内陆河流域盆地, 地表水与地下水转化频繁, 研究地表水与地下水转化对于有效地开发利用水资源和预测地下水环境的变化具有重要的意义. 运用地下水和地表水中稳定同位素δ18O 值存在明显差异的特点, 在黑河中游盆地沿不同河段地表水和地下水现场取样, 进行同位素分析. 结果表明: 在黑河中游盆地绿洲灌溉区, 农田灌溉严重影响了地下水和地表水之间的转化, 导致地下水补给地表水的增加. 运用质量守恒原理, 定量分析了黑河中游盆地黑河地下水与地表水转化的转化量, 为正确评价和合理利用水资源奠定了基础. 相似文献
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黑河中游盆地水资源转化规律研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于近二十多年黑河中游盆地的地表水和地下水观测资料,通过对盆地水资源转化规律的认识,利用水文系统分析法分析了该区域地表水、地下水相互转化规律,建立了盆地出口断面水资源量转化模型和盆地平均地下水水位变幅变化模型,经模型计算值与实测值比较吻合的较好,故可运用模型预测该盆地出口断面的水资源量和地下水水位的变化幅度。根据黑河出山径流不同频率的来水量,预测了现状条件下中游绿洲区平均地下水水位的变化幅度。得出了应该充分利用地表水和地下水的相互转化提高水资源的总体利用率,单方面考虑提高地表水利用率的做法有可能破坏地下水资源、降低水资源的总体利用率和造成生态与环境恶化的结论。 相似文献
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卫河是海河流域污染最严重的河流之一,该河如何影响附近浅层地下水的水质是长期受到重视但缺乏定量研究的关键问题。为探讨这一问题,利用Hydrus 2d模型模拟河流非饱和带氮素的迁移转化,以GMS软件中的RT3D模块模拟氮素在饱和含水层中的运移,将包气带底部淋滤出的污染物浓度定为饱和带溶质运移模型的上边界条件,首次实现了河流非饱和带饱和含水层氮素运移的联合模拟,得到河流线状污染源对浅层地下水的影响程度及范围。研究结果表明：由于吸附作用、硝化反硝化作用的存在,从河流上游到下游,包气带厚度加大,运移至含水层中的NH4-N、NO2-N浓度呈下降趋势,而NO3-N浓度则呈上升趋势。随着入渗时间的增长,进入饱和含水层中的NH4-N、NO2-N、NO3-N的浓度逐渐升高并最终保持稳定。污染的河流对浅层地下水的影响呈带状分布,污染物随入渗水流在包气带中垂直入渗;在饱和含水层中以水平运移为主,污染羽偏向地下水流动的方向,其影响距离不超过500 m。 相似文献
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Analysis of the migration paths of stream water introduced into a transverse horizontal well is important to better understand the interactions between streams and aquifers. This paper presents a method of using particle-tracking techniques to evaluate the transport of stream water that infiltrates through a transverse horizontal well that runs transverse to a stream and extends from the stream banks. By conceptualizing the horizontal well as a discrete pipe network, MODFLOW is coupled with the pipe flow equations that govern the movement of water in the horizontal well, and this coupled seepage-pipe flow model is used to calculate the transient groundwater flow field. MODPATH is then used to record the locations of each of the water particles from the interface between the stream and the aquifer. The path lines, travel times, influence zones and the production of infiltrated stream water are determined to depict the migration process. The results suggest that the infiltrated stream water that originates from different stream transects located upstream and downstream from the horizontal well has different migration characteristics, as does the infiltrated stream water coming from different locations on the same stream transect. Eventually, the pumpage of the horizontal well consists partly of the infiltrated stream water and groundwater inflow from the upstream model boundary. The groundwater enters the horizontal well through the two end segments of the horizontal well, and the infiltrated stream water enters the middle segment of the well. The pumped water is still a mixture of infiltrated stream water and groundwater, even if the pumping lasts for a long period. The hydrochemistry of the infiltrated stream water cannot be simply used to evaluate the hydrochemistry of the water pumped from a transverse horizontal well. 相似文献
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岩溶区多重介质水流模型研究进展 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
数值模拟技术广泛应用于地下水资源评价工作中,为水资源合理开发利用提供科学依据。本文针对岩溶区的数值模拟技术展开研究,综述了岩溶区地下水流建模技术的主要方法和研究进展,介绍了SWMM模型、UGRFLOW模型、CAVE模型、CFP模型等多重介质模型的建模方式和运行原理。岩溶区地下水赋存介质复杂,管道、裂隙和空隙多重介质并存,水流特征多样,等效连续介质模型不能很好地刻画岩溶区复杂的地下水流特征。随着对岩溶水流系统研究的深入,二重和三重介质模型逐渐应用于岩溶区地下水流模拟工作中,取得较好成果,但仍存在如忽略中宽裂隙的导水作用、岩溶管道设置单一、模型适用性不强等问题。今后应从解析岩溶含水介质的结构特征入手,关注中宽裂隙在地下水流系统中的导水作用和水流特征,改进管道流模块以更好地刻画复杂的地下河管道,改进不同介质间水流交换量算法,提高模型精确性和适用性。 相似文献
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The impact of groundwater withdrawals on the interaction between multi-layered aquifers with different water qualities in the Viterbo geothermal area (central Italy) was studied. In this area, deep thermal waters are used to supply thermal spas and public pools. A shallow overlying aquifer carries cold and fresh water, used for irrigation and the local drinking-water supply. Starting with a conceptual hydrogeological model, two simplified numerical models were implemented: a steady-state flow model of the entire groundwater system, and a steady-state flow and heat transport model of a representative area, which included complex interactions between the aquifers. The impact of increased withdrawals associated with potential future development of the thermal aquifer must be considered in terms of the water temperature of the existing thermal sources. However, withdrawals from the shallow aquifer might also influence the discharge of thermal sources and quality of the water withdrawn from the shallow wells. The exploitation of the two aquifers is dependent on the hydraulic conductivity and thickness of the intervening aquitard, which maintains the delicate hydrogeological equilibrium. Effective methods to control this equilibrium include monitoring the vertical gradient between the two aquifers and the residual discharge of natural thermal springs. 相似文献
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Analysis of the exchange of groundwater and river water by using Radon-222 in the middle Heihe Basin of northwestern China 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
In arid regions of western China, water resources come from mountain watersheds and disappear in the desert plain. The exchange of surface water and groundwater takes place two or three times in a basin. It is essential to analyze the interaction of groundwater with surface water to use water resources effectively and predict the change in the water environment. The conventional method of analysis, however, measures only the flow of a stream and cannot determine groundwater seepage accurately. As the concentration of Radon-222 (222Rn) in groundwater is much higher than in surface water, the use of 222Rn was examined as an indicator for the analysis of the interaction between surface water and groundwater. Measurement of the 222Rn concentration in surface water was conducted to detect groundwater seepage into a stream in the middle Heihe Basin of northwestern China. Furthermore, the simultaneous groundwater flow into and out of a stream from the aquifers was quantified by solving the 222Rn mass balance equation, in which the losses of gas exchange and radioactive decay of 222Rn are considered. Meanwhile, river runoff was gauged to determine the exchange rates between surface water and groundwater. The result shows that 222Rn isotope can be used as a good environmental tracer with high sensitivity for the interaction between surface water and groundwater, especially in the fractured aquifer system, karst aquifer system and discharge basins. 相似文献
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矿井采煤对地下水环境的影响主要为对具有供水意义的含水层水位及水量产生影响,确定采煤引起地下水水位降及漏失量是煤矿地下水环境影响评价的关键。以纳林河矿区某大型矿井为例,运用Visual MODFLOW建立模拟区地下水流数值模型,利用实测流场和长观孔的动态观测资料识别和验证数值模型,利用模型来预测采煤对第四系-白垩系含水层水位及水量的影响。模拟结果显示:前25年采煤引起地下水最大水位降为3.6 m,引起地下水的漏失量最大为141.87万m^3/a,占矿井涌水量的29.88%;利用矿化度法确定的越流量占矿井涌水量的6.39%~34.89%,模拟结果基本合理,可作为矿井采煤对地下水环境影响的研究依据。 相似文献
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The paper aims at evaluating the interaction between ground and surface water along the Langat River in Malaysia through the development of a numerical simulation. Malaysia has been experiencing a rapid economic growth since the last few decades, driven by many factors such as agriculture, industry, and the like. The demand for water in these sectors has increased so tremendously that surface water has been utilized in conjunction to groundwater. Approximately 18,184 m3 of water per day is obtained from the aquifer to supply to the steel factory. There are also workshops, petroleum stations, and houses in the area thus causing the water quantity and quality to degrade. In terms of quantity, the pumping activity has altered the interaction between the groundwater and surface water. Therefore, a numerical model was proposed and two aquifer layers were simulated, with the first layer being approximately >20 m in depth and the second layer >100 m. The recharge estimated from the tank model was input into the groundwater modeling. The effects of the surface water to the aquifer were included in the simulation by defining the river conductance, river bed, and river level. The calibrated model (error about 0.9 m) was achieved and applied to predict the flow pattern in its natural state without the pumping and with the pumping states. As a result, in the first scenario, the stream was in an effluent condition influenced by the groundwater from the northeast to the west. A hyporheic flow occurred and was observed from the contour map. The flow system was changed in the second scenario when the pumping activity was included in the simulation. The groundwater lost its original function but received leakage from the stream near the pumping sites. The findings of this study will help the local authorities and other researchers to understand the aquifer system in the area and assist in the preparation of a sustainable groundwater management. 相似文献
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A poroelastic numerical model is presented to evaluate three-dimensional consolidation due to groundwater withdrawal from desaturating anisotropic porous media. This numerical model is developed based on the fully coupled governing equations for groundwater flow in deforming variably saturated porous media and the Galerkin finite element method. Two different cases of unsaturated aquifers are simulated for the purpose of comparison: a cross-anisotropic soil aquifer, and a corresponding isotropic soil aquifer composed of a geometrically averaged equivalent material. The numerical simulation results show that the anisotropy has a significant effect on the shapes of three-dimensional hydraulic head distribution and displacement vector fields. Such an effect of anisotropy is caused by the uneven partitioning of the hydraulic pumping stress between the vertical and horizontal directions in both groundwater flow field and solid skeleton deformation field. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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天津市地下水流-地面沉降耦合模型 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
天津市平原区地面沉降主要由地下水大量开采引起,影响范围广、危害大,已成为天津市主要的环境地质问题。分析了研究区的水文地质条件,结合地下水开发利用状况,将研究区概化为6个含水层组,地下水流考虑三维非稳定流,地面沉降选用一维固结压缩模型,运用地下水流模型Modflow 2005和地面沉降模拟模块 Sub,建立了天津市平原区地下水流-地面沉降数值耦合模型,模型面积为1.1×104 km2,利用1998-2008年地下水位等值线、过程线、地面沉降过程线等资料对模型进行了识别。模拟期的地下水均衡分析表明,在多年开采条件下,越流补给、压缩释水、侧向边界流入分别占深层含水层补给量的41.84％、32.15％和24.17％。将调试后的模型应用于南水北调实施后地下水控采条件下的地面沉降趋势预测,显示出停采或减少地下水的开采,有利于减缓地面沉降下降速度,且表现出开采层位越往下,地面沉降恢复难度越大的变化趋势。 相似文献
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昆明市地热田越流含水系统中地下热水的数值模拟 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
深层基岩地下（热）水水化学污染问题日趋严重,急需定量而仿真地模拟和预报天然状态和各种人为工程经济活动下地下（热）水流动及溶质（或污染物）的运移。在充分认识地质、水文地质条件的基础上,建立了考虑温压变化和越流条件的昆明市地热田深层基岩地下热水系统中水流和溶质运移的准三维非稳定流数学模型。模型用于开采条件下地热田地下热水水位及 F－、Cl－浓度的模拟,模拟结果具有较高的仿真性,拟合误差一般小于 2％～5％,表明模型合理、可靠。应用所建模型预测了开采条件下昆明市地热田II块段地下热水流场和溶质浓度动态的变化趋势,并提出了控制地下热水环境进一步恶化的措施。 相似文献