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1.
基于遥感和地面数据的景观尺度叶面积指数和生物量的模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of leaf area index (LAI) and biomass at landscape scale using remote sensing images and surface data was discussed in this paper,The procedure was:(1) annual maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the landscape was calculated from TM images;(2) the relationship model between NDVI and LAI was built and annual maximum LAI over the landscape was simulated;(3) the relationship models between LAI and biomass were built and annual branch ,stem ,root and maximum leaf biomass over the landscape were simulated;(4) spatial distribution patterns of leaf biomass and LAI in different periods all the year round were obtained.The simulation was based on spatial analysis module GRID in ArcoInfo software ,The method is laso a kind of scaling method from patch scale to landscape scale ,A case study of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was dissertated ,Aalysis and primary validation were carried out to the simulated LAI and biomass for the major vegetation types in the Changbai Mountain in 1995. 相似文献
2.
大面积棉花长势的MODIS监测分析方法与实践 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
大面积棉花的生长状况监测比较复杂,目前还没有比较成熟的方法。以往遥感监测应用较多的是NOAA—AVHRR数据,监测精度和监测效果不高。本文利用新一代传感器MODIS数据,结合实测的地面农作物生长发育农学参数,系统地分析了石河子地区棉花播种到收获整个田间遥感归一化指数(NDVI)及其对应的叶而积指数(LAI)的变化规律,证明MODIS叶面积指数和实测LAI有很高的一致性,MODISIAI的变化状况与棉花长势变化基本一致,实现了较为精确的石河子地区大面积棉花长势的遥感动态监测。 相似文献
3.
GIMMS NDVI database and geo-statistics were used to depict the spatial distribution and temporal stability of NDVI on the Mongolian Plateau.The results demonstrated that:(1) Regions of interest with high NDVI indices were distributed primarily in forested mountainous regions of the east and the north,areas with low NDVI indices were primarily distributed in the Gobi desert regions of the west and the southwest,and areas with moderate NDVI values were mainly distributed in a middle steppe strap from northwest to southeast.(2) The maximum NDVI values maintained for the past 22 years showed little variation.The average NDVI variance coefficient for the 22-year period was 15.2%.(3) NDVI distribution and vegetation cover showed spatial autocorrelations on a global scale.NDVI patterns from the vegetation cover also demonstrated anisotropy;a higher positive spatial correlation was indicated in a NW-SE direction,which suggested that vegetation cover in a NW-SE direction maintained increased integrity,and vegetation assemblage was mainly distributed in the same specific direction.(4) The NDVI spatial distribution was mainly controlled by structural factors,88.7% of the total spatial variation was influenced by structural and 11.3% by random factors.And the global autocorrelation distance was 1178 km,and the average vegetation patch length(NW-SE) to width(NE-SW) ratio was approximately 2.4:1.0. 相似文献
4.
农田景观空间异质性分析及遥感监测最优尺度选择——以三江平原为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
农情遥感监测需要高时间分辨率的遥感数据,目前这些数据大都为中低空间分辨率影像。在这些尺度下,像元内部往往是异质的,从而影响农情参数反演精度。因此分析和表达农田景观空间异质性和最优尺度选择对遥感农情监测质量的提高具有重要的应用价值。选取建三江农垦区四种典型农田景观为研究点,Landsat/TM NDVI为实验数据,利用实验变异函数对四种景观类型的各向空间异质性进行了分析, 而后通过变异函数模型拟合,定量分析了各个研究点的整体空间异质性,并在此基础上进行了研究区遥感监测最优尺度选择。研究表明:(1) 基于实验变异函数的结构分析方法,可定性地认识空间异质性的大小和方向,进而挖掘出其背后的自然和人为驱动因素。(2) 对实验变异函数进行拟合分析,可定量地刻画不同景观格局各自的空间异质性特性。此外,基于变异函数对空间异质性的定量表达,讨论了利用积分变程A结合Nyquist-Shannon采样定理进行最优尺度选择的方法。 相似文献
5.
The temporal and spatial changes of NDVI on the Tibetan Plateau, as well as the relationship between NDVI and precipitation, were discussed in this paper, by using 8-km resolution multi-temporal NOAA AVHRR-NDVI data from 1982 to 1999. Monthly maximum NDVI and monthly rainfall were used to analyze the seasonal changes, and annual maximum NDVI, annual effective precipitation and growing season precipitation (from April to August) were used to discuss the interannual changes. The dynamic change of NDVI and the corre-lation coefficients between NDVI and rainfall were computed for each pixel. The results are as follows: (1) The NDVI reached the peak in growing season (from July to September) on the Tibetan Plateau. In the northern and western parts of the plateau, the growing season was very short (about two or three months); but in the southern, vegetation grew almost all the year round. The correlation of monthly maximum NDVI and monthly rainfall varied in different areas. It was weak in the western, northern and southern parts, but strong in the central and eastern parts. (2) The spatial distribution of NDVI interannual dynamic change was different too. The increase areas were mainly distributed in southern Tibet montane shrub-steppe zone, western part of western Sichuan-eastern Tibet montane coniferous forest zone, western part of northern slopes of Kunlun montane desert zone and southeastern part of southern slopes of Himalaya montane evergreen broad-leaved forest zone; the decrease areas were mainly distributed in the Qaidam montane desert zone, the western and northern parts of eastern Qinghai-Qilian montane steppe zone, southern Qinghai high cold meadow steppe zone and Ngari montane desert-steppe and desert zone. The spatial distribution of correlation coeffi-cient between annual effective rainfall and annual maximum NDVI was similar to the growing season rainfall and annual maximum NDVI, and there was good relationship between NDVI and rainfall in the meadow and grassland with medium vegetation cover, and the effect of rainfall on vegetation was small in the forest and desert area. 相似文献
6.
青藏高原植被覆盖变化与降水关系 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：9
The temporal and spatial changes of NDVI on the Tibetan Plateau, as well as the relationship between NDVI and precipitation, were discussed in this paper, by using 8-km resolution multi-temporal NOAA AVHRR-NDVI data from 1982 to 1999. Monthly maximum NDVI and monthly rainfall were used to analyze the seasonal changes, and annual maximum NDVI, annual effective precipitation and growing season precipitation (from April to August) were used to discuss the interannual changes. The dynamic change of NDVI and the corre- lation coefficients between NDVI and rainfall were computed for each pixel. The results are as follows: (1) The NDVI reached the peak in growing season (from July to September) on the Tibetan Plateau. In the northern and western parts of the plateau, the growing season was very short (about two or three months); but in the southern, vegetation grew almost all the year round. The correlation of monthly maximum NDVI and monthly rainfall varied in different areas. It was weak in the western, northern and southern parts, but strong in the central and eastern parts. (2) The spatial distribution of NDVI interannual dynamic change was different too. The increase areas were mainly distributed in southern Tibet montane shrub-steppe zone, western part of western Sichuan-eastern Tibet montane coniferous forest zone, western part of northern slopes of Kunlun montane desert zone and southeastern part of southern slopes of Himalaya montane evergreen broad-leaved forest zone; the decrease areas were mainly distributed in the Qaidam montane desert zone, the western and northern parts of eastern Qinghai-Qilian montane steppe zone, southern Qinghai high cold meadow steppe zone and Ngari montane desert-steppe and desert zone. The spatial distribution of correlation coeffi- cient between annual effective rainfall and annual maximum NDVI was similar to the growing season rainfall and annual maximum NDVI, and there was good relationship between NDVI and rainfall in the meadow and grassland with medium vegetation cover, and the effect of rainfall on vegetation was small in the forest and desert area. 相似文献
7.
蒙古高原NDVI的空间格局及分异 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
GIMMS NDVI database and geo-statistics were used to depict the spatial distribu-tion and temporal stability of NDVI on the Mongolian Plateau. The results demonstrated that: (1) Regions of interest with high NDVI indices were distributed primarily in forested moun-tainous regions of the east and the north, areas with low NDVI indices were primarily distrib-uted in the Gobi desert regions of the west and the southwest, and areas with moderate NDVI values were mainly distributed in a middle steppe strap from northwest to southeast. (2) The maximum NDVI values maintained for the past 22 years showed little variation. The average NDVI variance coefficient for the 22-year period was 15.2%. (3) NDVI distribution and vege-tation cover showed spatial autocorrelations on a global scale. NDVI patterns from the vegetation cover also demonstrated anisotropy; a higher positive spatial correlation was in-dicated in a NW-SE direction, which suggested that vegetation cover in a NW-SE direction maintained increased integrity, and vegetation assemblage was mainly distributed in the same specific direction. (4) The NDVl spatial distribution was mainly controlled by structural factors, 88.7% of the total spatial variation was influenced by structural and 11.3% by random factors. And the global autocorrelation distance was 1178 km, and the average vegetation patch length (NW-SE) to width (NE-SW) ratio was approximately 2.4:1.0. 相似文献
8.
无定河流域水量平衡变化的模拟 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
利用黄土高原无定河流域1982~1991年的水文气象、土地利用、土壤质地、数字高程和NOAA-AVHRR遥感信息,建立基于土壤-植被-大气传输机理的分布式生态水文模型,模拟流域水量平衡的时空分布。研究结果发现,该流域的年平均植被指数(NDVI) 的年际变化不明显,但NDVI最大值的年际变化显著。该流域年累计NDVI与降水年总量关系不明显,说明该流域植被的生长并不完全受控于降水总量。模拟的实际蒸散量用无定河及其岔巴沟子流域实测降水与实测径流的差值进行验证,误差小于5%。整个流域模拟时段的平均降水量为372±53 mm yr-1,实际蒸散量为334±33 mm yr-1,其中蒸腾为130±21 mm yr-1,有明显的年际波动。地表径流的年际变化相对较小。蒸散发的季节变化特征与降雨基本一致,即7、8、9月雨季高,其他月份低。降水量和实际蒸散量呈现显著的空间分异性,表现出由东南(高NDVI) 向西北(低NDVI) 递减的梯度差异。地表径流的空间分异亦沿东南-西北梯度变化,但高值分散在中部。以岔巴沟子流域1991年的地表覆被度为基准,发现在全流域都覆盖上某一种植被的情况下,蒸腾和土壤蒸发的变化非常明显,地表径流和实际总蒸散的变化并不显著。只有在全流域都变成荒漠情景下,实际总蒸散才显示出较明显变化(17%),表明在西北干旱半干旱区,土地利 相似文献
9.
城市地表温度与NDVI空间相关性的尺度效应 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
城市地表温度与NDVI的空间相关性已被广泛研究,但是其尺度效应常常被忽略,给研究结果带来不确定性。本文以郑州市为例,基于四幅Landsat8影像,经辐射传导法反演地表温度(LST),运用半变异函数识别地表温度的空间相关性分析尺度,并结合空间相关指数Moran's I,从多尺度、多季节、多邻接范围3个方面对地表温度与植被覆盖的空间相关性的尺度效应进行了探讨,结果表明：①LST和NDVI的单变量空间自相关和双变量空间相关尺度均在300 m左右;②300 m相关尺度内,单变量空间自相关性存在显著尺度效应,相比之下双变量空间相关性尺度效应较为微弱;③LST和NDVI的单变量空间自相关性和双变量空间相关性尺度效应均表现出明显的季节差异;④随着邻接范围增大,LST和NDVI的空间自相关性减弱,尺度效应更明显。因此度量LST和NDVI的空间相关性要考虑时空尺度效应,本文研究结果有助于进一步认识LST和NDVI间空间相关性的尺度效应。 相似文献
10.
基于多种高分辨率卫星数据的TRMM降水数据降尺度研究——以内蒙古地区为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用内蒙古地区2001~2010年42个站点实测降水数据作为“真值”,采用LOO（Leave-One-Out）交叉验证、多元逐步回归等方法,构建TRMM（Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission）降水数据与地形及气候等要素之间的多元回归关系,在此基础上,利用回归值+残差值的方法,获得空间分辨率为1 km×1 km的TRMM年降水数据,并对降尺度TRMM数据进行精度检验。研究表明：① TRMM数据可用于区域年降水量估计,且与实测年降水量呈显著线性关系;② 通过建立不同年份、不同空间分辨率TRMM数据与其它遥感数据的多元统计模型,研究发现在中尺度下TRMM与观测年降水数据拟合效果较好,且在空间分辨率为0.50°×0.50°时的拟合效果最好;③ 降尺度分析提高了TRMM数据对研究区降水时空特征的描述能力,确定性系数、标准误差和偏差均有明显改善,表明降尺度算法在将TRMM降水数据空间分辨率提高到1 km×1 km的同时,并能提高降水数据的精度。 相似文献
11.
2000~2014年黑龙江流域（中国）植被覆盖时空变化及其对气候变化的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用MODIS/NDVI数据,利用Theil-Sen Median 趋势分析、Mann-Kendall 以及Hurst指数方法分析2000~2014年黑龙江流域（中国）植被的时空变化特征、植被变化发展趋势及可持续性特征;应用相关分析法研究了气候变化对植被生长的影响。结果表明,2000~2014年黑龙江流域（中国）植被NDVI指数呈缓慢增加趋势,山区植被覆盖增加显著,东北部平原区植被覆盖持续退化,总体上植被覆盖持续改善能力较弱。植被NDVI对气候响应的季节差异显著,且不同类型植被对气候因子的响应不一致：春季植被NDVI主要受温度影响,夏季植被NDVI主要受降水量影响,秋季林地NDVI与温度正相关、草地NDVI与降雨量正相关。 相似文献
12.
In this study the relationships between vegetation regeneration dynamics to topography and burn severity for a Canadian landscape were investigated using freely available Earth Observation (EO) imagery from Landsat TM sensor. The Okanagan Mountain Park, located in the Montane Cordillera Ecozones of Western Canada at which a fire occurred in 2003, was used as a case study. First, vegetation regeneration dynamics were quantified for a period of 8 years following the fire event based on a chronosequence analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Regeneration Index (RI). The spatio-temporal patterns of post-fire NDVI from each image date were statistically compared to the pre-fire pattern to determine the extent to which the pre-fire spatial pattern was re-established and also the rate of recovery. Subsequently, the relationships of vegetation regrowth to both topography and burn severity was quantified using a series of additional statistical metrics. Burn severity was derived from the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) index computed from the Landsat TM images. Information on topography properties of the region was obtained from the ASTER global operational product.NDVI and RI analysis indicated a moderate vegetation recovery to pre-fire patterns, with regeneration to over 60% of the pre-fire levels 8-years after the fire. Regression analysis of pre- and post-fire mean NDVI exhibited significant re-growth in the first 3 years after the fire with a more gradual return in later years (an increase of 0.400 in R2 by 2006 compared to only an increase of 0.129 for the subsequent 5 years). Re-growth rates appeared to be somewhat higher in north-facing slopes in comparison to south facing ones. As expected, NDVI decline due to fire was positively correlated with burn severity class, whereas negative correlation was found between damage and regeneration ability (recovery after 3 years = low severity 64%/high severity 58%, recovery after 8 years = low severity 72%/high severity 70%). To our knowledge, this study is one of the few attempting to explore the interrelationships of post-fire vegetation regrowth, topography and burn severity, especially in the case of a single large fire. RI based on control plots provides a valuable tool to quantify fire impact and subsequent vegetation regrowth. Furthermore, indication of burn severity is useful for strategically rehabilitating areas of slow or unsuitable post-fire vegetation recovery. This study corroborates the significance of EO technology as a successful and cost-effective solution in providing information related to economic and environmental post-fire regeneration assessment. 相似文献
13.
利用2002-2010年朱日和气象站观测资料,结合同期归一化植被指数(NDVI),叶面积指数(LAI),植被净初级生产力(NPP)资料,分析了内蒙古半干旱区朱日和地区2002-2010年的沙尘天气特征。结果表明：朱日和地区临界起沙风速为9.4 m·s-1,2002-2010年沙尘天气频率和大于临界起沙风速频率呈波动变化,沙尘天气频率和大于临界起沙风速频率有很好相关性,超过18 m·s-1的强风极易导致沙尘天气的发生;定义标准化的沙尘天气频率（NfDO）为沙尘天气频率与大于临界起沙风速频率之比,当夏季降水量大于100 mm,夏季最大NDVI、最大LAI和最大NPP分别大于0.24、0.3 g·m-2·d-1和0.6 g·m-2·d-1（以碳计算）时,次年春季NfDO较低,沙尘天气不易发生;反之沙尘天气较易发生。对沙尘天气发生机制的分析发现,夏季有效的降水促进了植物生长,夏季降水量、最大NDVI、最大LAI和最大NPP增大,来年春天土壤不容易侵蚀,沙尘天气不易发生。 相似文献
14.
森林病虫害由于在森林资源中造成的重大破坏而被人们称为“不冒烟的火灾”,其对生态系统的研究具有重要意义。现有基于遥感数据的病虫害研究多集中在森林病虫害的监测、爆发原因以及发病区域内生产力的变化情况,而对于森林病虫害发生后森林中植被指数与叶面积指数之间的相关性的变化情况还相对较少,处于需要持续性深入探讨的阶段。以加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚地区2002—2012年森林病虫害数据为基础,分析不同严重程度的病虫害对叶面积指数（LAI）与归一化植被指数（NDVI）和增强型植被指数（EVI）的影响。结果表明：① 受病虫害感染的像元在轻度（Light）、中度（Moderate）和重度（Severe）三个严重级别中,NDVI与LAI之间的相关性由弱变强,又由强变弱;② EVI与LAI之间的相关性,在轻度（Light）、中度（Moderate）和重度（Severe）三个严重级别的像元中则依次变强。这一研究将为今后利用遥感数据识别病虫害、评价生态系统影响提供基础。 相似文献
15.
长白山自然保护区旅游资源开发的生态环境影响及其保护 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18
长白山自然保护区属世界自然保留地之一的国家级森林和野生动物类型自然保护区。它以其自然资源绚丽,生物种源丰富,生态系统完整享誉全世界。曾以独特的“天然”“原始”状态,成为环境背景研究监测的理想场所,旅游资源开发带来明显的经济效益,同时也造成保护区的环境污染和生态破坏,保护区内开展旅游必须遵循适度开必,合理保护的原则,强调生态旅游,妥善处理保护与开发的关系,应尽快制定自然保护区环境规划,进行有效环境综 相似文献
16.
以Landsat/TM为数据源,在桌面GIS支持下解译出研究区各景观类型,根据植被的生长周期,结合植被指数[WTBX]NDVI[WTBZ]作为研究因子,采用目前较为流行的主成分变换法（PCA）,结合景观类型图和数字高程模型(DEM),参考相关地理基础图件,对石羊河流域海拔和植被覆盖进行分级分类。运用叠置分析法研究了不同海拔高度和不同植被覆盖下[WTBX]NDVI[WTBZ]变化情况;同时分析了各景观类型与海拔和植被覆盖三者之间的空间关系。结果表明：研究区各景观类型大体依海拔呈垂直性分布,各自然要素组成垂直分异性特征亦较为明显。植被覆盖、景观类型与海拔之间呈垂直型分布规律,低海拔区景观类型单一,主要为荒漠系统,且与植被覆盖关系密切,相关度也最高;高海拔区景观类型较为复杂并交错分布,与植被覆盖关系不大,拟合效果不理想。此次研究目的在于对石羊河流域景观格局特征和格局优化研究提供参考思路,对流域生态规划和治理提供依据,对干旱内陆河流域植被及生态环境变化研究具有深远意义。 相似文献
17.
生态环境的可持续与人类福祉和生态系统服务息息相关,研究植被覆盖变化及其与气候因子的相关性,探讨植被覆盖时空变化规律,探究气候因子对植被变化的驱动机制,对预见气候因子对生态系统影响、制定生态环境可持续保护策略具有深远意义。基于此,利用美国国家航空航天局发布的MODIS NDVI数据并结合相关的气候资料,通过对像元信息进行提取与分析,采用最大合成法、克里金插值法、相关分析法等方法,对2000-2016年朝鲜全境植被覆盖变化及其与气候因子的相关性进行了研究。结果表明：朝鲜全境植被覆盖空间分布不均,北部盖马高原、东北部咸镜山区,中、东部山地丘陵区为高值区;西、南部平原地区,东部沿海地带为低值区。NDVI值整体上增加,局部减少,空间差异明显。植被生长受气温和降水双重驱动,其中,气温对植被年内生长变化比降水作用更大;而气温因素中,年平均气温对植被生长的影响程度略大,NDVI对降水的响应存在明显滞后效应;NDVI对温度和降水的响应程度与空间地理位置、高程有关。区域植被NDVI年际变化主要受年最低气温和人类活动的影响。 相似文献
18.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using Landsat TM data to retrieve leaf area index (LAI). To get a LAI retrieval model based ground reflectance and vegetation index, detailed field data were collected in the study area of eastern China, dominated by bamboo, tea plant and greengage. Plant canopy reflectance of Landsat TM wavelength bands has been inversed using software of 6S. LAI is an important ecological parameter. In this paper, atmospheric corrected Landsat TM imagery was utilized to calculate different vegetation indices (VI), such as simple ratio vegetation index (SR), shortwave infrared modified simple ratio (MSR), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Data of 53 samples of LAI were measured by LAI-2000 (LI-COR) in the study area. LAI was modeled based on different reflectances of bands and different vegetation indices from Landsat TM and LAI samples data. There are certainly correlations between LAI and the reflectance of Tm3, TM4, TM5 and TM7. The best model through analyzing the results is LAI = 1.2097*MSR + 0.4741 using the method of regression analysis. The result shows that the correlation coefficient R2 is 0.5157, and average accuracy is 85.75%. However, whether the model of this paper is suitable for application in subtropics needs to be verified in the future. 相似文献
19.
基于冠层反射和植被指数的华东地区叶面指数反演 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1 IntroductionLeaf A rea Index (LA I), defined as half the all-sided leaf or needle surface per unit groundsurface (Chen and Black,1992),is an im portantparam eter to quantify leaf density and m onitorvegetation change.A tthe sam e tim e,LA I is also an i… 相似文献
20.
区域植被覆盖的多尺度空间变异性——以贵州喀斯特高原为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地理格局尺度依赖性的客观存在,要求在连续尺度序列上对区域植被覆盖空间变异性进行考察,以真实反映植被覆盖空间特征。以贵州喀斯特高原为例,借助地统计学和GIS 软件,揭示了研究区NDVI的空间变异特征,并进行了空间变异与空间尺度的耦合研究。结论如下：① NDVI空间变异程度表现出明显的尺度依存性,空间尺度的粗粒化对NDVI的平滑作用非常显著,但两种重采样方法对原始数据的粗粒化作用机制不同;② 基于不同遥感数据源获得的NDVI数据之间空间格局差异明显,而且传统统计结果与地统计学结果明显不同,说明空间信息对数据间的差异性统计影响显著;③ NDVI空间变异性呈现显著的各向异性,并表现出对遥感数据源的敏感性。 相似文献