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1.
应用分形理论,系统地探讨了整个中国水系及其各组成流域水系的分形结构特征。通过研究,得出主要结论如下:(1)整个中国水系及其各组成流域水系的分形结构特征是客观存在的;(2)应用网格法系统地计算出了中国各流域水系的盒维数值:整个中国水系的盒维数值为1.4189,中国外流区水系的盒维数值为1.4305;(3)中国平原地区水系的盒维数值一般较大;(4)整个中国水系盒维数值与组成它的各个层次流域水系的盒维数值的平均值并不相等,一般而言,不同层次流域水系盒维数值的平均值小于整个水系盒维数值。 相似文献
2.
支护结构作用的箱基沉降计算新方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
现行规范在计算箱基沉降时,没有考虑支护结构的作用,使得理论计算与实际沉降之间存在误差。通过物理模拟、理论分析和数值模拟,研究箱基与支护结构结合、分离下,不同墙体材料、不同墙体厚度、不同插入深度比等工况下侧摩阻力对箱型基础沉降的影响,试验结果显示,摩擦力在箱基沉降中的作用很明显,它与墙体与土体之间的摩擦系数、墙体与土体的接触面积密切相关。在此,提出了一种计算箱基沉降的新方法,该法将箱基沉降分为3部分：箱型基础底上段回弹再压缩变形带来的地基变形、箱型基础底上段压缩变形、箱型基础的下段土体变形。以青岛中银大厦为实例,应用FLAC3D对基础沉降进行了数值分析。数值分析中按文中方法以及按前人方法的计算结果与实测数据进行了对比,结果表明文中的方法具有更好的可行性,对修订规范具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
3.
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering - The authors describe their early work on the development and operation of a portable shear box for testing rock joints. Experiences with sampling, roughness... 相似文献
4.
The effects of frictional forces acting on the sidewalls of buried box culverts are presented as determined with finite element method (FEM) and detailed soil modelling. The possibility of reducing earth pressure on deeply buried concrete box culverts by the imperfect trench installation (ITI) method has been contemplated during the last several decades. There have been limited research results published primarily regarding the qualitative aspect of load reduction in ITIs. It was found during the course of this study that significant frictional forces develop along the sidewalls of box culverts and adjacent sidefills in ITIs. Current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials provisions do not consider these frictional forces, but they cannot be neglected in ITIs, as their effect is dominant. An optimum geometry for the soft zone in ITIs is presented to maximize earth load reductions. The soil–structure interaction at the box culvert–soil interface was found to have a significant effect on total earth pressure acting on the bottom slab. Predictor equations for earth load reduction rates were formulated for ITIs incorporating the optimum soft zone geometry based on the FEM. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Acta Geotechnica - Recently, increasing numbers of box tunnels have been built in urban areas due to their high space utilization. Rectangular boring machines are commonly used in box tunneling,... 相似文献
6.
The response of box culverts to static loads is controlled by soil arching. Soil arching is a result of a complex soil culvert interaction (SCI) due to the relative stiffness between the culvert and the surrounding soil, and is a critical consideration in culvert design. The factors that affect soil arching on box culverts include the soil height above the culvert, the geometrical configuration of the box culvert and the properties of the soil around it. Box culverts are typically designed using formulae that assume simplified behaviors and in some cases rely on considerable empiricism. In the present study, small scale centrifuge physical model tests were conducted to investigate SCI considering the height and density of soil above the culvert and the geometry of the culvert. The results of these centrifuge tests were used to calibrate and verify a numerical model that was used to further investigate the response of box culverts to static loads. The results have been evaluated for bending moment and soil culvert interaction factors. The results demonstrated that the soil culvert interaction factors are not only a function of the height of soil column above the culvert, but also a function of the culvert thickness, soil elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Therefore, the results were used to establish charts and equations that can be employed to assess the design values of the static soil pressure and static bending moment for box culverts. 相似文献
7.
基于分形理论,提出了一种地震波初至的拾取方法,根据地震初至波到达前后时间序列的分形特征,采用适当的时间窗口,可以定量地确定初至波的到达时间。数值计算表明,当窗口大小为0.6 s时,计算速度合适,可以保证地震波波至时间的拾取精度,并且在广西地区的宽频带地震流动台网记录的地震数据处理中进行了应用。 相似文献
8.
郑州市下穿北京―珠海高速公路立交工程是目前亚洲在软土地层中施工的横截面最大的管棚内箱涵顶进工程,如何控制地层位移以及保证公路的安全,是设计和施工中必须考虑的主要问题。对现场的实测数据进行了分析,并应用FLAC数值方法对顶进过程中引起的地层位移进行模拟计算。现场监测和数值模拟结果对比表明,两者基本接近。总结出的地层移动规律如下：①路面发生最大沉降的位置不在轴线处,而是在箱涵跨度的一半处;②最大的水平位移出现在与箱涵中心同一标高掌子面正前方的土体中。管棚复合体的水平位移与路面大致相当,基底的水平位移略小。③孔隙水压力对箱涵顶进引起的周围土层的扰动更为灵敏。 相似文献
9.
桩筏(箱)基础的荷载分担实测、计算值和机理分析 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
根据国内外17幢建筑物的桩筏（箱）荷载分担的大量现场实测资料,以及实用简易计算公式、半理论-半经验反算公式、有限元结合统计的实用计算公式和桩筏（箱）荷载分担计算公式的计算结果,对20d 20d的桩筏基础进行共同作用的定性机理分析,并加以综合,论证荷载分担的合理性,特别是计算结果和8幢现场实测资料进行比较的结果相当吻合。最后,提出合理可行的具体建议：对于武汉和上海的两种不同地基,筏箱底板分别可承担15 %～20 %和5 %～10 %建筑物的荷载,并经公式计算,由工程师结合当地经验和自己的创造性确定,以期能早日列入规范,节省投资。 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACT
The 'SLABBER', a plexiglass device designed for subsampling box cores, was used at sea with excellent results. The SLABBER allowed visual inspection of any existing sedimentary features, and also provided storage, when necessary for subsamples. When the features were present, X-radiography of the SLABBER subsamples clearly showed sediment layering, evidence of bioturbation and orientation of shell material, all with apparent minimal disturbance of these structures. 相似文献
The 'SLABBER', a plexiglass device designed for subsampling box cores, was used at sea with excellent results. The SLABBER allowed visual inspection of any existing sedimentary features, and also provided storage, when necessary for subsamples. When the features were present, X-radiography of the SLABBER subsamples clearly showed sediment layering, evidence of bioturbation and orientation of shell material, all with apparent minimal disturbance of these structures. 相似文献
11.
Estimation of net physical transport and hydraulic residence times for a coastal plain estuary using box models 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A box model based on salinity distributions and freshwater inflow measurements was developed and used to estimate net non-tidal physical circulation and hydraulic residence times for Patuxent River estuary, Maryland, a tributary estuary of Chesapeake Bay. The box model relaxes the usual assumption that salinity is at steady-state, an important improvement over previous box model studies, yet it remains simple enough to have broad appeal. Average monthly 2-dimensional net non-tidal circulation and residence times for 1986–1995 are estimated and related to river flow and salt water inflow as estimated by the box model. An important result is that advective exchange at the estuary mouth was not correlated with Patuxent River flow, most likely due to effects of offshore salinity changes in Chesapeake Bay. The median residence time for freshwater entering at the head of the estuary was 68 d and decreased hyperbolically with increasing river flow to 30 d during high flow. Estimates of residence times for down-estuary points of origin showed that, from the head of the estuary to its mouth, control of flushing changed from primarily river flow to other factors regulating the intensity of gravitational circulation. 相似文献
12.
This work characterizes and analyzes the dynamic behavior of a sandy soil due to one-dimensional propagation of mechanical waves into a transparent laminar shear box. The outstanding char acteristic of this laminar box is a transparent front glass, which allows monitoring the soil behavior by a high-speed and high-resolution camera, and then computing the displacement field in the soil by the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. The response of the laminar container was evaluated using ambient vibrations, harmonic signals and Ricker wavelets. Afterward, dynamic soil properties derived from DIC analysis are compared against theoretical and laboratory results. Finally, a numerical simulation is carried out using the finite element method, where the influence of the lateral friction of the glass on the motion is assessed and discussed. It is concluded that the transparent laminar shear box provides a useful tool for studying the continuous dynamic soil behavior; additionally, the transparent boundary has a minor impact on the results and a minimum observable cyclic shear strain of about 10–4 was reached.
相似文献13.
14.
在某大型地下洞室群工程的断面变形收敛监测过程中发现其时程曲线的波动程度有着明显的规律性,引入一维盒维数来定量描述该特征,在试算结果基础上探讨了其与围岩性质相关的力学含义。进而,通过采用该指标比较不同监测断面计算结果的差异,印证了盒维数与围岩完整性的对应关系。更进一步,分析各断面的空间位置及其盒维数值的关系,得出了整个区域内围岩完整性的演变规律。最终,由后继开挖过程揭露的围岩情况,证明整个推理过程和结论的有效性。 相似文献
15.
顶进箱涵全断面置换管幕工法中钢管幕内力研究及实例分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
顶进箱涵全断面置换管幕工法是在出发井和接收井之间,利用顶管法在箱涵所在位置顶推钢管,置换出土体,形成全断面管撑,再顶推箱涵,同步置换出已顶进的钢管。针对该工法中的钢管幕,建立其内力和变形计算简化模型,将钢管视为在附加荷载作用下的置于Winkler地基上的弹性地基梁,推导出全断面管幕形式顶进箱涵置换管幕工法的钢管幕内力和变形计算公式,以此分析钢管幕的竖向变形。并采用弹性地基梁法和模拟试验比拟法,发现二者在规律及大小上都较为接近,说明所推导出的内力和变形计算公式具有一定的合理性,为实际工程的设计提供了理论依据 相似文献
16.
Field tests demonstrate that sampling of soft bottom sediments can be significantly improved by combined box coring and shipboard sampling using hand-operated piston coring. A convenient piston equipment devised for such subsampling is presented. 相似文献
17.
针对深部厚顶煤巷道围岩变形特点,以“先控后让再抗”为支护理念,设计了让压型锚索箱梁支护系统横梁、纵向单梁、纵向双梁及纵横组合4种不同布置方式的支护方案。数值试验结果表明,纵横组合方案具有最好的围岩控制效果,横梁方案支护效果相对较差。对让压型锚索箱梁支护系统的4种方案进行了现场试验,监测结果显示,纵横组合方案作用下的围岩变形量最小,其两帮移近量和顶板沉降量仅为120 mm和90 mm,同时该方案支护反力最大;锚杆、锚索受力与巷道围岩控制效果相对应,且锚索让压环作用明显;设计制作的测力箱梁监测表明,箱型支护梁受力合理协调,材料性能发挥充分。对让压型锚索箱梁支护系统及其不同布置方案的作用机制进行了探讨。综合分析表明,深部厚顶煤巷道中,优先选用让压型锚索箱梁支护系统中的纵横组合与纵向单梁方案,可有效地控制巷道围岩变形,满足支护要求。 相似文献
18.
Observation of shear zone development in ring-shear apparatus with a transparent shear box 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Using a new ring-shear apparatus with a transparent shear box and video image analysis system, drained and undrained speed-controlled tests were conducted on coarse-grained silica sands to study the shear-zone formation process in granular materials. Velocity distribution profiles of grains under shear at various stages in the ring shear tests were observed through processing the video image by the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) program. Shear-zone thickness and type of shear mode (slide-like or flow-like) during shear were observed. Before reaching peak strength in low-speed and drained condition test, a comparatively major part of the sample in the upper shear box showed a velocity distribution profile of structural deformation and dilatancy behavior. After peak strength, the velocity profile changed into a slide-like mode and thereafter showed almost no change. In higher speed tests with drained and undrained conditions, an almost slide-like mode was observed, compared to low-speed test. Apparent shear-zone thicknesses of high-speed tests are thinner than low-speed tests. Unexpectedly, almost no difference was observed in the shear-zone thickness and mode of shear (slide or flow-like) between drained and undrained tests. This study was conducted as part of the International Programme on Landslides (IPL) M101 “Areal prediction of earthquake and rain induced rapid and long-traveling flow phenomena (APERITIF)” of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL). These results will contribute to understanding the mechanism of shear-zone development in granular materials as a basic knowledge for disaster risk mitigation of rapid long run-out landslides. 相似文献
19.
对锚索梁支护及组合构件耦合支护研究现状进行了总结分析,指出锚索梁支护系统组合构件耦合支护研究的必要性和意义。以“先控后让再抗”支护理念为指导,研发出高强让压型锚索箱梁支护系统。通过层次分析法得到支护系统各构件权重值,提出了支护系统构件整体性能利用率、耦合效率和围岩控制效果3个指标,进行的13种数值试验对比方案结果表明：Ⅱ12c+? 22锚索、Ⅱ12b+? 22锚索和Ⅱ12a+? 17.8锚索方案对应的支护系统均具有较高的耦合效率;锚索型号对支护系统耦合效率具有较为显著的影响;增大预紧力有助于进一步提高构件整体利用率、耦合效率,改善围岩控制效果。设计制作了测力箱梁,选择Ⅱ12b+? 22锚索方案对应的锚索梁支护系统进行了现场试验,测站监测结果显示,支护系统在掘巷期间的整体性能利用率为54.51%,构件耦合效率达到75.61%,系统各构件达到了同步承载的效果,巷道顶板沉降量和两帮移近量分别为148 mm和180 mm,较好地控制了巷道围岩变形。 相似文献
20.
A box model for non-entraining, suspension-driven gravity surges on horizontal surfaces 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The propagation of and the deposition from a turbulent gravity current generated by the release of a finite volume of a dense particle suspension is described by a box model. The approximate model consists of a set of simple equations, a predetermined, depth-dependent leading boundary condition and one experimentally determined parameter describing the trailing boundary condition. It yields predictions that agree well with existing laboratory observations and more complex theoretical models of non-eroding, non-entraining, suspension-driven flows on horizontal surfaces. The essential features of gravity-surge behaviour have been observed and are captured accurately by the box model. These include the increased rate of downstream loss of flow momentum with increased particle setting velocity, the existence of maxima in the thickness of proximal deposits, and the downstream thinning of distal deposits. Our approximation for the final run-out distance, xr, of a surge in deep water is given by xr3(g'oq3o/w2s)1/5, where g'o is the initial reduced gravity of the surge, qo the initial two-dimensional volume, and ws the average settling velocity of the particles in the suspension. A characteristic thickness of the resulting deposit is given by φoqo/xr'where øo is the initial volumetric fraction of sediment suspended in the surge. Our analysis provides additional insight into other features of gravity-surge dynamics and deposits, including the potential for the thickening of currents with time, the maintenance of inertial conditions and the potential for strong feedback in the sorting of particle sizes in the downstream direction at travel distances approaching xr. Box-model approximations for the evolution of gravity surges thus provide a useful starting point for analyses of some naturally occurring turbidity surges and their deposits. 相似文献