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高密度电法据观测到的视电阻率数据及其反演后的电阻率剖面来推断地下地质结构.传统高密度电法受限于测线长度和电极装置,存在着一些弊端,如探测深度较浅,在测线端点处分辨率差,并且分辨率随深度增加而下降,特别当存在浅层低阻屏蔽时,电流难以向深部传播,分辨率降低.针对上述问题,为提高高密度电法探测的分辨率,本文介绍了一种新型高密度电法野外布极方式:多电极埋入技术(Multi-Electrode Resistivity Implant Technique,MERIT).通过室内模型测试和野外实地检验,将其与传统高密度电法排列进行比较,结果表明MERIT布极方式在测线端点处和地下深部分辨率有显著提高.在相同测线长度下,探测深度增加,对低阻体的反映更灵敏,受到低阻屏蔽效应减小,能够反映深部更丰富的地层信息.故MERIT能够有效地克服传统高密度电法探测存在的缺陷,有效提高探测的分辨率. 相似文献
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2008年5月12日汶川发生里氏8.0级地震的发震机制与龙门山断裂带的构造特征紧密相关,应用反射地震探测方法精细探测发震构造内部的结构特征,对研究汶川地震的发震机理有重要意义.5.12地震后在地表错断最剧烈的区域之一虹口乡白庙村穿过发震构造和深钻科研井WSFD-1和WSFD-2布置了兼顾浅中深层信息的反射地震探测剖面,该区域断裂带硬岩出露,地形地貌复杂多变,起伏剧烈,只能采取弯线地震测线布设方式采集二维反射地震数据,而且弯曲度大,造成CDP点分散严重.区域内构造复杂,褶皱逆推构造发育,地层和构造倾角大,采用常规二维地震数据处理方法进行叠加处理时,易将不同地层的反射信息叠加到同一反射层.弯线叠加剖面上侧面波,混波干扰严重,会显著地降低原本低信噪比数据的分辨率,或剖面可靠性低,容易在二维剖面中造成解释陷阱.本文利用弯线地震采集的三维特性,用拟三维地震叠加技术处理汶川地震科学钻井附近横跨北川-映秀断裂带的二维弯线地震数据,弥补常规二维弯线地震数据处理技术的不足,将不同地层的反射信息分离归位到不同的三维叠加剖面上,解决二维弯线地震数据处理时混波干扰严重的难题.通过理论分析和实验选取合适的共中心点面元,获得了高分辨率的三维叠加剖面.相比于二维弯线叠加剖面,三维叠加剖面切片成像更真实,剔除了不同地层反射信息混叠的影响,能得到更准确的断点信息,并可以获得沿断层走向横向的信息,显著提高了构造解释的可靠性和精度.应用拟三维地震数据处理方法处理龙门山断裂带的二维弯线地震数据,获取高分辨率的构造信息,有利于断裂带内汶川地震发震机制和龙门山隆起机制的解释. 相似文献
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浅部采空区探测一般采用高密度电法,但该方法的探测结果一般都是剖面形式.在圈定的大范围采空区内,高密度法也只能确定测点周边电阻或某一条剖面的电阻分布情况,并不能很好的利用其他周边测线的结果和采集到的地质标本以及其他地质信息.地质信息也只是作为反演结果的判定条件,不参与计算过程,同时以往采集的大量的二维高密度数据也需要得到进一步开发计算.因此,对地质信息进行赋值,通过标准偏差确定赋值的合理性,最后对联合地质资料进行反演迭代计算,得到三维铁矿采空区结果,并与二维反演结果、实地际踏勘情况、未添加赋值信息的三维反演结果相对比,赋予地质信息的三维反演结果对采空区、山体裂隙的识别更精细直观. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2020,(3)
在金矿采空区钻孔定位时,较多地依据二维高密度电法剖面反演来计算采空区的位置及产状,由于金矿采空区产状变化复杂,二维反演仅反映了采空区沿纵断面的展布形态,因采空区影响范围内测点较少至使反演目标边界误差较大,盲目布设钻孔会造成探测成本的提高,为实现精确探查,精准反演采空区的边界范围、走向及倾向,提高钻孔准确率,降低勘察成本,在蓬莱大柳行金矿试验通过布设多条等距高密度电法剖面(剖面间距为50 m、点距20 m),构造了不均匀测网,利用高密度电法仪采集温纳排列测深数据,将该排列数据进行了对称四极测深数据格式转换.采用该测网建立了三维电阻率反演数据格式,进行了三维电阻率反演,经钻探验证采空区中心埋深与三维电阻率反演低阻体埋深误差3.1 m.最终反演迭代精度与二维高密度电法剖面反演精度相差9.5%,为准确布钻提供资料. 相似文献
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稀疏测线大地电磁资料三维反演研究:合成算例(英文) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
受勘探成本和工区环境等因素的影响,当前大多数大地电磁实际工作采取布置稀疏测线采集数据和使用二维反演方法解释这些稀疏测线数据的方式。然而,二维反演方法在解释三维地电构造数据时存在局限性,有时甚至做出错误的地质解释。本文尝试了使用三维反演方法对大地电磁稀疏测线数据进行反演解释。使用大地电磁全信息资料三维共轭梯度反演程序对理论模型合成稀疏测线数据进行了三维反演。结果表明:这种反演方案是可行与有效的。同时,我们发现在不同数据的三维反演结果中,四个张量阻抗元素和两个倾子数据同时反演的结果相对更为准确,更接近理论模型。 相似文献
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利用高密度电阻率法确定滑坡面的正演研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
高密度电法探测是滑坡面探测的有效手段,适宜 的现场工作方案和相应的资料解译模型,是获取 可靠探测成果的前提。本文针对高密度电法勘探 中常用的四类电极排列方式,即维纳、施伦贝谢、 偶极、二极,利用有限元的方法二维正演模拟建 立了均质土坡滑面、软弱夹层滑面、堆积层滑面、 构造破碎带滑面的标准地电模型剖面;明确了进 行不同类型滑坡工程地质调查时不同电测装置的 探测能力和视电阻率异常模式;提出复杂地质条 件下斜坡问题探测数据有效处理的设计比值参数 方法。最后给出若干利用高密度电阻率法进行滑 坡工程地质调查的典型实例。 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(3)
航空电磁探测数据量大,二维、三维反演算法复杂、计算速度慢,通常采用一维反演,利用层状模型拼接描述地下复杂结构,但航空电磁数据信噪比低,容易引起一维反演结果横向连续性差等问题.本文针对上述问题,基于一维反演算法,通过整合测线观测数据,建立了测线数据整体的目标函数,并根据Tikhonov正则化反演理论,引入包含空间粗糙度和先验信息的模型参数约束项,确定了拟二维整体反演的目标函数,推导了反演迭代方程组,利用超松弛共轭梯度算法,求得由于整条测线整体反演所致的大型稀疏矩阵的极小化解,实现了对整条测线数据同时反演的固定翼航空电磁数据的拟二维整体反演算法.在反演迭代过程中,正则化因子采用线性搜索自适应迭代的方法自动选取,提高了反演结果的稳定性.对比分析了仿真数据的一维反演与拟二维整体反演结果,得出拟二维整体反演算法横向连续性较好,对高导覆盖层下的导体分辨率优于一维反演,同时受高斯噪声的影响较小.最后,将直升机飞行实测噪声加入仿真数据中,拟二维整体反演结果平均相对误差较一维反演结果降低了31.6%,进一步验证了拟二维整体反演算法的有效性. 相似文献
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１９９４年３月在三峡淹没区进行综合考古物探研究（该项目主要由日本田中保士先生资助）时，根据电流扩散及穿透原理，提出了地面电探ＣＴ新技术并将其用于考古实践．为获得资料的充分重叠，可使用数十至５０００个探头，现场实时或线下处理得到数百幅纵、横断面及一定深度平剖面的彩色影像图、可直观显示数十米深的地下微观结构．至少对１—３个推断墓，经洛阳铲钻探结果发现了‘活土”，有可能发现公元前４７５—２２１年的“巴王陵”．本研究所发展的地面电探ＣＴ有益于考古技术现代化及三峡地下文物的抢救． 相似文献
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Out‐of‐plane effects in 2D borehole‐to‐surface resistivity tomography and applications in mineral exploration 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this paper, we discuss the effects of anomalous out‐of‐plane bodies in two‐dimensional (2D) borehole‐to‐surface electrical resistivity tomography with numerical resistivity modelling and synthetic inversion tests. The results of the two groups of synthetic resistivity model tests illustrate that anomalous bodies out of the plane of interest have an effect on two‐dimensional inversion and that the degree of influence of out‐of‐plane body on inverted images varies. The different influences are derived from two cases. One case is different resistivity models with the same electrode array, and the other case is the same resistivity model with different electrode arrays. Qualitative interpretation based on the inversion tests shows that we cannot find a reasonable electrode array to determine the best inverse solution and reveal the subsurface resistivity distribution for all types of geoelectrical models. Because of the three‐dimensional effect arising from neighbouring anomalous bodies, the qualitative interpretation of inverted images from the two‐dimensional inversion of electrical resistivity tomography data without prior information can be misleading. Two‐dimensional inversion with drilling data can decrease the three‐dimensional effect. We employed two‐ and three‐dimensional borehole‐to‐surface electrical resistivity tomography methods with a pole–pole array and a bipole–bipole array for mineral exploration at Abag Banner and Hexigten Banner in Inner Mongolia, China. Different inverse schemes were carried out for different cases. The subsurface resistivity distribution obtained from the two‐dimensional inversion of the field electrical resistivity tomography data with sufficient prior information, such as drilling data and other non‐electrical data, can better describe the actual geological situation. When there is not enough prior information to carry out constrained two‐dimensional inversion, the three‐dimensional electrical resistivity tomography survey is the better choice. 相似文献
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Zsuzsanna Nyári Ali Ismet Kanlı János Stickel Axel Tillmann 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2010,70(3):255-265
The spatial distribution of the electrical resistivity data provides useful information for investigating and modeling the fluid transport processes. 3D electrical resistivity distribution provides information about water flow and changes in electrical resistivity of the pore fluid.Therefore, to assist in understanding and modeling of the fluid transport process, 3D spatial distribution of the electrical resistivity data with the corresponded 3D geological section were mapped and interpreted in the test site located in western Germany. A process of deriving electrical resistivity values from the mechanical and radioactive parameters of cone penetration tests (CPT) and geological information of boreholes was presented. A reliable method which gives accurate resistivity values in cases of near surface sediments was introduced. Then a field test was executed where the calculated resistivity values were compared with the measured CPTe resistivity data. The CPTe (cone penetration test with electrical extension) data were also used in correlating to the ERT (electrical resistivity tomography) data. Consequently, obtained dense CPT surveys give us the possibility to determine a high resolution resistivity distribution of the investigated area. 相似文献
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N.G. Papadopoulos P. Tsourlos C. Papazachos G.N. Tsokas A. Sarris J.H. Kim 《Geophysical Prospecting》2011,59(3):557-575
In this work a new algorithm for the fast and efficient 3D inversion of conventional 2D surface electrical resistivity tomography lines is presented. The proposed approach lies on the assumption that for every surface measurement there is a large number of 3D parameters with very small absolute Jacobian matrix values, which can be excluded in advance from the Jacobian matrix calculation, as they do not contribute significant information in the inversion procedure. A sensitivity analysis for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous earth models showed that each measurement has a specific region of influence, which can be limited to parameters in a critical rectangular prism volume. Application of the proposed algorithm accelerated almost three times the Jacobian (sensitivity) matrix calculation for the data sets tested in this work. Moreover, application of the least squares regression iterative inversion technique, resulted in a new 3D resistivity inversion algorithm more than 2.7 times faster and with computer memory requirements less than half compared to the original algorithm. The efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm was verified using synthetic models representing typical archaeological structures, as well as field data collected from two archaeological sites in Greece, employing different electrode configurations. The applicability of the presented approach is demonstrated for archaeological investigations and the basic idea of the proposed algorithm can be easily extended for the inversion of other geophysical data. 相似文献
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Ettore Cardarelli Michele Cercato Antonio Cerreto Gerardina Di Filippo 《Geophysical Prospecting》2010,58(4):685-695
Near‐surface cavities can pose serious hazards to human safety, especially in highly urbanized town centres. The location of subsurface voids, the estimation of their size and the evaluation of the overburden thickness are necessary to assess the risk of collapse. In this study, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and seismic refraction tomography data are integrated in a joint interpretation process for cavity location in the city of Rome. ERT is a well established and widely employed method for cavity detection. However, additional information provided by seismic refraction tomography is capable of eliminating some potential pitfalls in resistivity data interpretation. We propose that the structure of the cavities defined by ERT can be used as a base to optimize seismic refraction tomography investigations within the framework of a joint interpretation process. Data integration and the insertion of a priori information are key issues for reducing the uncertainties associated with the inversion process and for optimizing both acquisition procedures and computation time. Herein, the two geophysical methods are tested on both synthetic and real data and the integration of the results is found to be successful in detecting isolated cavities and in assessing their geometrical characteristics. The cavity location inferred by geophysical non‐invasive methods has been subsequently confirmed by direct inspection. 相似文献
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Michel Ritz Jean-Claude Parisot S. Diouf A. Beauvais F. Dione M. Niang 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》1999,41(4):105
The electrical properties of several tens of metres of lateritic weathering mantle were investigated by using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in two basement areas of eastern Senegal. The field survey was conducted along two profiles providing continuous coverage. Colour-modulated pseudosections of apparent resistivity vs. pseudo-depth were plotted for all survey lines, giving an approximate image of the subsurface structure. In the area underlain by granitic basement, the pseudosection suggests a very inhomogeneous weathered layer in which the apparent resistivity changes more rapidly than thickness. In the second area, underlain by schists, the lateral changes in electrical properties are less pronounced than those of the granitic area. Interpretation of 2D Wenner resistivity data yielded considerable detail about the regolith, even without pit information. In both areas, the near-surface topsoil comprising undersaturated lateritic material is highly resistive. The intermediate layer with low resistivities (e.g., 20–100 Ωm) contains clays including small quantities of water. The third, highly resistive layer reflects the granitic basement. Comparison of ERT survey results with pit information shows general agreement and suggests that ERT can be used as a fast and efficient exploration tool to map the thick lateritic weathering mantle in tropical basement areas with hard rock geology. 相似文献
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时频电磁技术及其在中国西部地区的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The time-frequency electromagnetic （TFEM） method combines frequency-domain sounding with time-domain sounding to form a comprehensive system so that it is possible to select different frequencies and induce waves according to the objective depth to be explored. During processing not only resistivity but also polarization information can be provided so we can study resistivity as well as predict oil-bearing characteristics simultaneously. Timedomain resistivity information is obtained by pseudo-2D resistivity inversion and frequencydomain IP information is obtained using the Cole-Cole model. Some successful applications in western China show that it provides unique results in an overthrust zone, deep igneous rock investigation, and hydrocarbon prediction. 相似文献
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Clay-rich till plains cover much of the UK. Such sites are attractive locations for landfills, since clay aquitards lower the risk of landfill leachate entering groundwater. However, such tills often contain sand and gravel bodies that can act as leachate flow routes. Such bodies may not be detected by conventional site investigation techniques such as drilling boreholes and trial pitting. A method of guided inversion, where a priori data are used to construct structural reference models for use in inverting electrical resistivity tomography data, was proposed as a tool to improve the detection of sand and gravel bodies within clay-rich till sequences.
Following a successful 2D guided inversion synthetic modelling study, a field study was undertaken. Wenner 2D electrical resistivity tomography lines, resistivity cone penetrometry bores and electromagnetic induction ground resistivity data were collected over a site on the East Yorkshire coast, England, where sand and gravel lenses were known to exist from cliff exposures. A number of equally valid geoelectrical models were constructed using the electromagnetic and resistivity cone data. These were used as structural reference models in the inversion of the resistivity tomography data. Blind inversion using an homogenous reference model was also carried out for comparison.
It was shown for the first time that the best solution model produced by 2D inversion of one data set with a range of structural reference models could be determined by using the l2 model misfit between the solution models and associated reference models (reference misfit) as a proxy for the l 2 misfit between the solution models and the synthetic model or 'best-guess' geoelectrical model (true misfit). The 2D methodology developed here is applicable in clay-rich till plains containing sand and gravel bodies throughout the UK. 相似文献
Following a successful 2D guided inversion synthetic modelling study, a field study was undertaken. Wenner 2D electrical resistivity tomography lines, resistivity cone penetrometry bores and electromagnetic induction ground resistivity data were collected over a site on the East Yorkshire coast, England, where sand and gravel lenses were known to exist from cliff exposures. A number of equally valid geoelectrical models were constructed using the electromagnetic and resistivity cone data. These were used as structural reference models in the inversion of the resistivity tomography data. Blind inversion using an homogenous reference model was also carried out for comparison.
It was shown for the first time that the best solution model produced by 2D inversion of one data set with a range of structural reference models could be determined by using the l
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在利用不同的地球物理勘探方法对地下复杂介质成像时,因观测系统的非完备性及数据本身对某些岩石物性的不敏感性,单独成像的结果存在较大的不确定性和不一致性.对于地震体波走时成像与直流电阻率成像,均面临着成像阴影区问题.对于地震走时成像,地震射线对低速区域覆盖较差形成阴影区,造成低速区域分辨率降低.对于电阻率成像,电场线在高阻区域分布较少,造成高阻区域分辨率较低.为了提高地下介质成像的精度,Gallado和Meju(2003)提出了基于交叉梯度结构约束的联合地球物理成像方法.在要求不同的物性模型拟合各自对应的数据同时,模型之间的结构要求一致,即交叉梯度趋于零.为了更有效地实现基于交叉梯度的结构约束,我们提出了一种新的交替结构约束的联合反演流程,即交替反演不同的数据而且在反演一种数据时要求对应的模型与另一个模型结构一致.新的算法能够更容易地把单独的反演系统耦合在一起,而且也更容易建立结构约束和数据拟合之间的平衡.基于新的联合反演流程,我们测试了基于交叉梯度结构约束的二维跨孔地震走时和直流电阻率联合成像.合成数据测试表明,我们提出的交替结构约束流程能够很好地实现基于交叉梯度结构约束的联合成像.与单独成像结果相比,地震走时和全通道电阻率联合成像更可靠地确定了速度和电阻率异常. 相似文献
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A set of geophysical data collected in an area in Iran are analyzed to check the validity of a geological map that was prepared in connection to a mineral prospecting project and also to image the spatial electrical resistivity distribution. The data set includes helicopter electromagnetic (HEM), airborne magnetic and ground electrical resistivity measurement. Occam approach was used to invert the HEM data to model the resistivity using a layered earth model with fixed thicknesses. The algorithm is based on a nonlinear inverse problem in a least-squares sense.The algorithm was tested on a part of an HEM dataset acquired with a DIGHEM helicopter EM system at Kalat-e-Reshm, Semnan in Iran. The area contains a resistive porphyry andesite that is covered by Eocene sedimentary units. The results are shown as resistivity sections and maps confirming the existence of an arc like resistive structure in the survey area. The resistive andesite seems to be thicker than it is indicated in the geological maps. The results are compared with the reduced to the pole (RTP) airborne magnetic anomaly field data as well as with two ground resistivity profiles. We found reasonable correlations between the HEM 1D resistivity models and 2D models from electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) inversions. A 3D visualization of the 1D models along all flight lines provided a useful tool for the study of spatial variations of the resistivity structure in the investigation area. 相似文献